Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): Review, potentials, barriers and myths

Green

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 125-156

  Heinstein, Patrick ^a   Ballif, Christophe ^a,b   Perret Aebi, Laure Emmanuelle ^b  

^a EPFL   (Switzerland)

^b CSEM   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Building integrated photovoltaics; Photovoltaics; Solar energy

Indexed keywords

EID: 84888610043     PISSN: 1869876X     EISSN: 18698778     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/green-2013-0020     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Energy Design Resources: Design brief building integrated photovoltaics (prepared by Architectural Energy Corporation, Boulder, California), 2004, p. 2
2. David Owen, Photovoltaics International, February 2013, p. 1
3. One example to point out here, among many others, would be the complete withdrawal of the German window manufacturer, Schüco, which offered very promising thin-film BIPV-compatible solutions
4. See Frost & Sullivan, European building integrated photovoltaics market, Report (October 2008); GTM-Research Report, August 2010; Pagliaro, M. et al: BIPV: merging the photovoltaic with the construction industry, in: Progress in Photovoltaics, 2010, 18: 61-72
5. Schwarzer, Steffen: Bauteil integrierte Photovoltaik: BIPV-ein Leitfaden, in Deutsche Bauzeitschrift, 59 (2011), 6, pp. 50-52
6. Humm, Othmar; Toggweiler, Peter, Photovoltaik und Architektur-Die Integration von Solarzellen in Gebäudehüllen, Ed. Bundesamt für Energiewirtschaft (BEW) und Bundesamt für Konjunkturfragen (BfK), Basel 1993
7. Building integrated photovoltaic systems: conference C68 of the Solar Energy Society, the University of Northumbria, 9-10 September 2006; proceedings: Pearsall, Nicola.-Machnylleth, Powys: Solar Energy Society, 1996
8. T. Schoen, D. Prassad, D. Ruoss, P. Eiffert, H. Sorensen: Task 7 of the IEA PV Power Systems Programme-Achievement and Outlook. 17th European Photovoltaic Solar Conference, Munich 2001
9. Eiffert, Patrina (1998), An Economic Assessment of Building Integrated Photovoltaics, PhD Dissertation, Oxford Brookes School of Architecture, 1998
10. Eiffert, Patrina; Kiss, Gregory J. (2000), Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Designs for Commercial and Institutional Structures: A Source Book for Architects (National Renewable Energy Laboratory), Golden (CO) 2000
11. Edited by Astrid Schneider, with a foreword by Hermann Scheer, Basel, Boston, Berlin 1996
12. Rexroth, Susanne (Ed.): Gestalten mit Solarzellen. Photovoltaik in der Gebäudehülle, Heidelberg 2002
13. Hagemann, Ingo B.: Gebäudeintegrierte Photovoltaik-architektonische Integration von Photovoltaik in die Gebäudehülle, Köln 2002
14. To give a selected choice: Abbate, Cinzia (Ed.): Lintegrazione archittetonica del fotovoltaico; experienze compiute. Progetti dal Case Studies del Task 7, International Energy Agency, Roma 2002
15. Prasad, Deo Snow, Mark: Designing with Solar Power: A Source Book for Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BiPV). London 2005
16. Crassard, F, Rode J.: The evolution of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in the German and French technological innovation systems for solar cells. Master of Science Thesis in Management and Economics of Innovation. Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 2007
17. Cameron, A. PVs Progress: growth and potential in the BIPV industry. In: Renewable Energy World, 1 March 2007
18. Paolo Bosisio, Vincenzo di Dio, Alessandra Scognamiglio: Fotovoltaico negli edifici. Dimensionamento, progettazione e gestione degli impiantiMilano 2009
19. Mario Pagliaro, Giovanni Palmisano, Rosaria Ciriminna: BIPV. Il fotovoltaico integrato nelledilizia. Palermo 2009
20. Simon Roberts, Nicolò Guariento: Building Integrated Photovoltaics. A Handbook. (German title: Gebäudeintegrierte Photovoltaik, Ein Handbuch) Basel 2009
21. Tamasi Moyra: Panua, Rajsekhar: Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system, Saarbrücken 2012
22. Jesse Russel, Ronald Cohn: Building-integrated photovoltaics, Miami 2013 (print on demand); Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster: Building-Integrated Photovoltaics. (print on demand)
23. Bendel, Christian; Hullmann, Heinz et al: Multifunktionale Nutzung photovoltaischer Anlagen, in FSV Forschungs Verband Solarenergie, FVS Themen, 2003
24. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in the Residential Sector: an Analysis of Installed Rooftop System Prices, Ed. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA, 2012
25. Hermannsdörfer, Ingrid; Rüb, Christine: Solar Design: Photovoltaics for Old Buildings, Urban Space, Landscapes. Photovoltaik für Altbau, Stadtraum, Landschaft. Berlin 2005
26. See the URL: www.pvsunrise.eu. During the Hamburg workshop in Sept. 2009, The increasing role of building integrated photovoltaics was also discussed
27. See the URL: www.next-buildings.com.
28. See Url: www.economic-forum.eu
29. See the 2012 and 2013 programme under the URL: www.energy-forum.com
30. For example, the JSPS Symposium Urban Planning-Sustainable Cities, Tokyo, 12. September 2005, with a presentation by Ingo Hagemann about Solar Design in Architecture and Urban Planning
31. See also the International Workshop on BIPV, Nice, 30. October 2008. In addition, the Fifth User Forum Thin Film Photovoltaics from January 2009 in Würzburg, with its own BIPV section
32. It took place on 7th March 2013 and presented speakers from the building industry, PV research institutes and experts from internationally operating PV consultancies
33. M. Pagliaro et al. 2010, p. 65
34. The price has fallen from 500 US Dollar in 2008 to around 20 Dollar in 2012
35. 21% for p-type mono-Si wafers and 23% for n-type mono-Si wafers are expected. This will lead to efficiencies at the module-level of still less than 20%, see A. G. Aberle et al., Industrial Silicon Wafer Solar Cells-Status and Trends; Green 2012; 2(c): 135-148
36. Peter Erk, Organic based Photovoltaics. Aesthetics meets Integration, in Energy Forum Solar Building Skin, proceedings 2012, pp. 39-41
37. Hagemann, Ingo B.: New perspectives for BIPV with dye solar cells (DSC. 2nd DSC Industrialization Conference, St. Gallen (Switzerland), 11-13 September 2007
38. One of the best-known examples is the building of Australias CSIRO Energy Institute, with its orange-brown semi-transparent DSC windows
39. Interview with Richard Caldwell, chairman of Dyesol Ltd, PV Magazine, 28. March 2013. See the URL: www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/dyesol-on- new-investment-gridcompetitiveness-and-why-silicons-limitations-have- beenexposed-100010718/#axzz2UOv3kyBh
40. S. De Wolf, A. Descoeudres, Z. Holman, Christophe Ballif: High-efficiency Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Review. Green, 2, 2012, 7-24
41. See also the report of the Euroean Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA) on that subject: Building integrated photovoltaics. An overview of the existing products and their fields of application; Authors Daniel Fraile Montoro; Pieterjan Vanbuggenhout, Joanna Ciesielska, Brussels 2009
42. At the exception of rolls of thin-film silicon modules as produced by Unisolar, and combined with TPO roofing membranes
43. See the talk by Bart de Boer from TNO (Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research) about that very subject during the 7th Energy Forum on Solar Skins at Bressanone (Italy) on Dec. 6th 2012
44. See Maria Konstantoglou: Dynamic building envelopes, Energy Forum Solar Building Skins, proceedings 2012, pp. 9-13
45. Bart de Boer, Climate adaptive building shells, ibid, pp. 15-19
46. Bart Janssens: Flexibility options for building skin design, ibid, pp. 21-25
47. Tilman E. Kuhn: New buildingintegrated solar façade components, ibid, pp. 27-31
48. Tilman E. Kuhn: New building-integrated solar façade components, Energy Forum Solar Building Skins, proceedings 2012, pp. 27-31
49. For Austria in 2001, this was around 2% of the building stock, including extensions and loft conversions. Source: Statistik Austria 2001. All figures regarding Austria are taken from the paper GIPV in Österreich, heutige Barrieren und Rahmenbedingungen, by Franz Tragner, (Sustainable Projects). The paper was presented on 19th Oct. 2012 at the 10th. Austrian Photovoltaic Seminar in Laxenburg, see URL: www.energiesystemederzukunft.at/edz-pdf/events/20121019- pvtagung-10-tragner.pdf
50. http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/70094/umfrage/ wohngebaeude-bestand-in-deutschland-seit-1994/
51. See Positionspapier Bauwerkintegrierte Photovoltaik Systeme (February 2012), from the Bundesverbandes Bausysteme e. V
52. Potential for Building Integrated Photovoltaics. Technical Report International Energy Agency (IEA), PVPS T7-4: 2002
53. See the explanations on that subject by Andreas Karweger: Markt Solarfassaden. Neue Ansätze können Wende am Markt bringen, in Sonne, Wind und Wärme, 16/2011, 26-30, here p. 27
54. Wirth, Harry Aktuelle Fakten zur Photovoltaik in Deutschland. Fraunhofer ISE; current data see under the URL: www.pv-fakten.de
55. Interview with Richard Caldwell, chairman of Dyesol Ltd, PV Magazine, 28. March 2013. See the URL: www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/dyesol-on- new-investment-gridcompetitiveness-and-why-silicons-limitations-have- beenexposed-100010718/#axzz2UOv3kyBh
56. Rode, Johannes, The evolution of BIPV in Germany and France. Building integrated photovoltaics in the German and French technological innovation systems for solar cells, Köln 2009
57. In 2011 BIPV installations had a share of 6.7% of all PV installation made that year. In Spain it was at 2%. These are divided into 4.6% with roof-integrated and 2.1% façade integrated systems. 83.4% of all new installations each year fall to conventional BAPV roof-installations. See, GIPV in Österreich, heutige Barrieren und Rahmenbedingungen, by Franz Tragner, (Tatwort, nachhaltige Projekte). The speech was delivered on the 19th October 2012 in Laxenburg, Austria, at the 10th Austrian PV symposium, See URL: www.energiesystemederzukunft.at/edz-pdf/events/20121019-pvtagung-10-tragner.pdf
58. Informal notice from David Stickelberger, Swissolar, Zürich. There are only estimates available for the numbers of BIPV systems in Switzerland, the official figures were only published after going to print in June 2013. At the end of 2011 there were only around 14.000 systems with a capacity of 188 MWp, see Schweizerische Gesamtenergiestatistik 2011, URL: www.solarch.ch/main/ShowId= 313.html
59. Informal notice from 3-S Photovoltaics, Mayer & Burger Group, Thun, Switzerland
60. Arbeitsblatt 37, Solaranlagen und Denkmalschutz, Vereinigung der Landesdenkmalpfleger in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, (spring 2010)
61. Christina Munari-Probst: Architectural integration and design of solar thermal systems. PhD Thesis, Lausanne 2011
62. See the CCEM Annual Activity Report 2012, pp. 59-61
63. Pagliaro, M., Palmisiano, G, Ciriminna, R., Flexible Solar Cells, Weinheim 2008
64. Marsh, G: Innovation puts spotlight on solar, in Renewable Energy Focus 2008; 9: 62
65. Bichsel, F.: Flexible photovoltaics. Building integration is our business, Flexcell, Yverdon Les Bains (CH) 2008
66. See, for example, the papers of Dick K. G. de Boer et al. from Philips Research, Eindhoven, the Netherlands, on the subject, e.g., Progress in phosphors and filters for luminescent solar concentrators, Optics Express, Vol. 20, Issue S3, pp. A395-A405 (2012); also the research of Sue Carter, University of California, Santa Cruz.