Managing Natura 2000 in the marine environment - An evaluation of the effectiveness of 'management schemes' in England

Ocean and Coastal Management

Volumn 87, Issue , 2014, Pages 40-51

  Morris, Roger K A ^a   Bennett, Teresa ^b   Blyth Skyrme, Rob ^c   Barham, Peter J ^d   Ball, Andrena ^e  

^a Bright Angel Coastal Consultants Ltd   (United Kingdom)

^b Natural Values   (United Kingdom)

^c Ichthys Marine Ecological Consulting Ltd   (United Kingdom)

^d Peter Barham Environment Ltd   (United Kingdom)

^e NONE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; LAWS AND LEGISLATION; MARINE ENGINEERING;

CONSERVATION STATUS; HABITATS DIRECTIVES; LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS; MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS; MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT; PROACTIVE MANAGEMENT;

MANAGEMENT;

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION STATUS; EUROPEAN UNION; HABITAT MANAGEMENT; LEGAL SYSTEM; LEGISLATIVE IMPLEMENTATION; MARINE ENVIRONMENT;

ENGLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84888415956     PISSN: 09645691     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.10.017     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Ballantine W.J., Langlois T.J. Marine reserves: the need for systems. Dev. Hydrobiol. 2008, 202:35-44.
2. Beuttler T.M. Marine nature reserves in France: Legal framework, management, and comparative notes for the US marine sanctuary program. Coast. Manag. 1994, 22:1-24.
3. Borja A., Barbone E., Basset A., Borgersen G., Brkljacic M., Elliott M., Garmendia J.M., Marques J.C., Mazik K., Muxika I., Magalhães Neto J., Norling K., Rodríguez J.G., Rosati I., Rygg B., Teixeira H., Trayanova A. Response of single benthic metrics and multi-metric methods to anthropogenic pressure gradients, in five distinct European coastal and transitional ecosystems. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2011, 62(3):499-513.
4. Boulcott P., Howell T.R.W. The impact of scallop dredging on rocky-reef substrata. Fish. Res. 2011, 110:415-420.
5. Bradshaw C., Veale L.O., Hill A.S., Brand A.R. The effect of scallop dredging on Irish Sea benthos: experiments using a closed area. Hydrobiologia 2001, 465:129-138.
6. Coyle M.D., Wiggins S.M. European Marine Site Risk Review. Natural England Research Reports 2010, Number 038. vii+ 27pp.
7. DETR European Marine Sites in England & Wales: a Guide to the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994 and to the Preparation and Application of Management Schemes 1998, 72. DETR, London.
8. EEC Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy 2008, Office for Official Publication of the European Communities, Luxemburg.
9. EEC Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Flora and Fauna 1992, Office for Official Publication of the European Communities, Luxemburg.
10. EEC Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds 1979, Office for Official Publication of the European Communities, Luxemburg.
11. English Nature Estuary Management Plans: a Co-ordinator's Guide 1993, 88. English Nature, Peterborough.
12. Ennis G.P. Closed areas as a conservation strategy in the Newfoundland lobster fishery. J.Appl. Ecol. 2011, 12:11-20.
13. Fisher J.A.D., Frank K.T. Changes in finfish community structure associated with an offshore fishery closed area on the Scotian Shelf. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2002, 240:249-265.
14. Gaines S.D., White C., Carr M.H., Palumbi S.R. Designing marine reserve networks for both conservation and fisheries management. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. United States America 2010, 107:18286-18293.
15. Gell F.R., Roberts C.M. Benefits beyond boundaries: the fishery effects of marine reserves and fishery closures. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2003, 18:448-455.
16. Goñi R., Polunin N.V.C., Planes S. The Mediterranean: marine protected areas and the recovery of a large marine ecosystem. Environ. Conserv. 2000, 27:95-97.
17. Gubbay S. Management of marine protected areas in the UK: Lessons from statutory and voluntary approaches. Aquat. Conserv. 1993, 3:269-280.
18. Halpern B. The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does size matter?. Ecol. Appl. 2003, S117-S137.
19. Hauton C., Atkinson R.J.A., Moore P.G. The impact of hydraulic blade dredging on a benthic megafaunal community in the Clyde sea area, Scotland. J.Sea Res. 2003, 50(1):45-56.
20. HM Government Coast Protection Act 1949, (accessed 25.10.13.). http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/12-13-14/74/contents.
21. HM Government Harbours Act 1964, (accessed 25.10.13.). http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1964/40.
22. HM Government Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, (accessed 25.10.13.). http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1981/69.
23. HM Government Town and Country Planning Act 1990, (accessed 25.10.13.). http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/8/contents.
24. HM Government The Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 1994, (accessed 10.04.13.). http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1994/2716/contents/made.
25. HM Government Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, (accessed 25.10.13.). http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/37/contents.
26. HM Government Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, (accessed 25.10.13.). http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/16/contents.
27. HM Government The Conservation of Habitats & Species Regulations 2010, (accessed 10.04.13.). http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/490/contents/made.
28. Hiddink J.G., Jennings S., Kaiser M.J. Assessing and predicting the relative ecological impacts of disturbance on habitats with different sensitivities. J.Appl. Ecol. 2007, 44:405-413.
29. Hoskin M.G., Coleman R.A., von Carlshausen E., Davis C.M. Variable population responses by large decapod crustaceans to the establishment of a temperate marine no-take zone. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2011, 68:185-200.
30. Johnson M.P., Jessopp M., Mulholland O.R., McInerney C., McAllen R., Allcock A.L., Crowe T.P. What is the future for marine protected areas in Irish waters?. Biol. Environ. 2008, 108:9-14.
31. Kaiser M.J., Ramsay K., Richardson C.A., Spence F.E., Brand A.R. Chronic fishing disturbance has changed shelf sea benthic community structure. J.Anim. Ecol. 2000, 69:494-503.
32. Lloret J., Muñoz M., Casadevall M. Threats posed by artisanal fisheries to the reproduction of coastal fish species in a Mediterranean marine protected area. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci. 2012, 113:133-140.
33. Loot G., Aldana M., Navarrete S.A. Effects of human exclusion on parasitism in intertidal food webs of central Chile. Conserv. Biol. 2005, 19(1):203-212.
34. McKinley A.C., Ryan L., Coleman M.A., Knott N.A., Clark G., Taylor M.D., Johnston E.L. Putting marine sanctuaries into context: a comparison of estuary fish assemblages over multiple levels of protection and modification. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 2011, 21:636-648.
35. McClanahan T.R., Graham N.A.J., Calnan J.M., MacNeil M.A. Toward pristine biomass: reef fish recovery in coral reef marine protected areas in Kenya. Ecol. Appl. 2007, 17:1055-1067.
36. Morris R.K.A., Bennett T., Blyth-Skyrme R., Barham P.J., Ball A. AReview of Effectiveness of Management Schemes for European Marine Sites 2012, Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), London, 36pp+ appendices, (accessed 10.04.13.). http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Module=More%26Location=None%26ProjectID=18032.
37. Morris R. Achange in funding directions: implications for biological recording. Br. J. Entomol. Nat. Hist. 2012, 25:143-151.
38. Morris R.K.A. The application of the habitats directive in the UK: compliance or gold plating?. Land Use Policy 2011, 28:361-369.
39. Morris R.K.A. English nature's Estuaries initiative: a review of its contribution to ICZM. Ocean Coastal Manag. 2008, 51:25-42.
40. Motyka J.M., Brampton A.H. Coastal Management: Mapping of Littoral Cells 1993, 102. HR Wallingford Report SR 328, Oxon, Wallingford.
41. Murry N., Medio D., Gubbay S. Valuing Marine Protected Areas in the UK: an Economic Study Focusing on Leisure and Recreation, Including a Strangford Lough Case Study 2007, 48. WWF, UK. http://www.wwf.org.uk/filelibrary/pdf/valuing_mpas_uk.pdf.
42. Pinn E.H., Rodgers M. The influence of visitors on intertidal biodiversity. J.Mar. Biol. Assoc. United Kingdom 2005, 85:263-268.
43. Roberts C.M., Hawkins J.P., Gell F.R. The role of marine reserves in achieving sustainable fisheries. Philosophical Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2005, 360:123-132.
44. Roberts C.M., Hawkins J.P. Fully-protected Marine Reserves: a Guide 2000, 137. WWF Endangered Seas Campaign, 1250 24th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA and Environment Department, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
45. Rogers S.I. AReview of Closed Areas in the United Kingdom Exclusive Economic Zone 1997, 24. CEFAS Science Series Technical Report, 106.
46. SNH, EN, EHS(DOE(NI)), CCW, JNCC Natura 2000: European Marine Sites: an Introduction to Management 1997, 17. SNH, Perth.
47. Strain E.M.A., Allcock A.L., Goodwin C.E., Maggs C.A., Picton B.E., Roberts D. The long-term impacts of fisheries on epifaunal assemblage function and structure, in a special area of conservation. J.Sea Res. 2012, 67:58-68.
48. Tillin H.M., Hiddink J.G., Jennings S., Kaiser M.J. Chronic bottom trawling alters the functional composition of benthic invertebrate communities on a sea-basin scale. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2006, 318:31-45.
49. UK Marine SACs, 2001. (accessed 10.04.13.). http://www.ukmarinesac.org.uk/project-background.htm.
50. Williams J.A., Ward V.L., Underhill L.G. Waders respond quickly and positively to the banning of off-road vehicles from beaches in South Africa. Wader Study Group Bull. 2004, 104:79-81.