Reconstructing sustainability; participant experiences of community land tenure in North West Scotland

Journal of Rural Studies

Volumn 33, Issue , 2014, Pages 20-31

  Mc Morran, Robert ^a   Scott, Alister J ^b   Price, Martin F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS   (United Kingdom)

^b BIRMINGHAM CITY UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Community landownership; Rural development; Scotland; Sustainability

Indexed keywords

CAPACITY BUILDING; COMMUNITY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; LAND TENURE; LANDOWNERSHIP; NATURAL RESOURCE; RURAL DEVELOPMENT; SUSTAINABILITY;

SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 84888050350     PISSN: 07430167     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.10.006     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Armitage D. Adaptive capacity and community-based natural resource management. Environ. Manage. 2005, 35:703-715.
2. Boyack S., Grant J. The Rothiemurchas Concordat (online) URL:, (accessed September 2013). http://www.rothiemurchus.net/Documents/Rothiemurchus%2520Concordat.pdf.
3. Boyd G. 'What Evidence' Said the One-eyed Public Policy Maker? A Brief Review of Recent Community Land Ownership Trends in Scotland (online) URL:, (accessed 01.11.12). http://www.caledonia.org.uk/land/evidence.htm.
4. Social Landownership (Volume one) Social Landownership - Eight Case Studies from the Not for Profit Landowners Project in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland 1999, Written by the People Involved. Caledonia Centre for Social Development (online) URL:, (accessed 03.02.13). http://www.caledonia.org.uk/socialland/nfp.htm, G. Boyd, D. Reid (Eds.).
5. Social Landownership (Volume two) Social Landownership - Eight Case Studies from the Not for Profit Landowners Project in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland 2000, Written by the people involved. Caledonia Centre for Social Development, (online) URL:, (accessed 03.02.13). http://www.caledonia.org.uk/socialland/nfp.htm, G. Boyd, D. Reid (Eds.).
6. Social Landownership (Volume three) Social Landownership - Eight Case Studies from the Not for Profit Landowners Project in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Written by the people involved 2001, Caledonia Centre for Social Development, (online) URL:, (accessed 03.02.13). http://www.caledonia.org.uk/socialland/nfp.htm, G. Boyd, D. Reid (Eds.).
7. Brennan M. Melness Crofters Estate, Sutherland 'A new crofting community landowner'. Social Landownership (Volume three) Social landownership - Eight case studies from the Not for Profit Landowners Project in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland 2001, Written by the people involved. Caledonia Centre for Social Development, (online) URL:, (accessed 03.02.13). http://www.caledonia.org.uk/socialland/nfp.htm, G. Boyd, D. Reid (Eds.).
8. Brown A.P. Crofter forestry, land reform and the ideology of community. Social Legal Stud. 2008, 17(3):333-349.
9. Brown K.M. Understanding the materialities and moralities of property: reworking collective claims to land. Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr. NS 2007, 32:507-522.
10. Bromley D.W. Environment and Economy: Property Rights and Public Policy 1991, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
11. Bryan A. Stòras Uibhist 2006-2010 Independent Review 2011, Final Report, April 2011. Commissioned report for Highlands and Islands Enterprise and Stòras Uibhist.
12. Bryden J., Geisler C. Community-based land reform: lessons from Scotland. Land Use Policy 2007, 24:24-34.
13. Burnett K.A. Local heroics: reflecting on incomers and local rural development discourses in Scotland. Sociol. Rural. 1998, 38(2):204-224.
14. Chenevix-Trench H., Philip L. Community and conservation land ownership in Highland Scotland: a common focus in a changing context. Scottish Geogr. J. 2001, 117(2):139-156.
15. Clausen L.T., Hansen H.P., Tind E. Democracy and sustainability: a lesson learned from modern nature conservation. ANew Agenda for Sustainability 2010, Ashgate, England. K. Nielsen, A. Elling, B. Figueroa, M. Jelsøe, E. Surrey (Eds.).
16. Cocklin C. Agriculture, society and environment: discourses on sustainability. Int. J. Sust. Dev. World Ecol. 1995, 2:240-256.
17. Collins K., Ison R. Jumping off Arnstein's ladder: social learning as a new policy paradigm for climate change adaptation. J.Environ. Policy Governance 2009, 19(6):358-373.
18. Curry N., Fisher R. The role of trust in the development of connectivities amongst rural elders in England and Wales. J.Rural Stud. 2012, 28:358-370.
19. Dressler C. Taking charge on Eigg - the benefits of community ownership. ECOS 2002, 23(1):11-17.
20. Dressler W., Büscher B., Schoon M., Brockington D., Hayes T., Kull C.A., McCarthy J., Shrestha K. Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM): designing the next generation. From hope to crisis and back again? A critical history of the global CBNRM narrative. Environ. Conser. 2010, 37(1):5-15.
21. Evans S.M., Birchenough A.C. Community-based management of the environment: lessons from the past and options for the future. Aquat. Conserv. 2001, 11:137-147.
22. Fiorina M. Extreme voices: a dark side of civic engagement. Civic engagement in American democracy 1999, 395-425. Brookings Institute Press, Washington, DC. T. Skocpol, M. Fiorina (Eds.).
23. Flora C., Flora J., Fey S. Rural Communities: Legacy and Change 2004, Westview Press, Boulder, Colarado. second ed.
24. Gergen K.J., McNamee S., Barrett F.J. Realizing transformative dialogue. Research in Public Policy Analysis and Management 2002, vol. 12:77-105. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. N.C. Roberts (Ed.).
25. Glass J.H., Scott A.J., Price M.F. The power of the process: co-producing a sustainability assessment toolkit for upland estate management in Scotland. Land Use Policy 2013, 30(1):254-265.
26. Gubbins N. Community energy in practice. Local Econ. 2007, 22(1):80-84.
27. Hansen H.P. Citizens' Summits: Democratisation or public deception? 2012, Working paper, Swedish Agricultural University.
28. Hardin G. The tragedy of the commons. Science 1968, 162(3589):1243-1248.
29. Hoffman M.D. Land and Community: Property Rights and the Future of Rural Landscapes 2011, Graduate School, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
30. Hunter J. From the Low Tide of the Sea to the Highest Mountain Tops; Community Ownership of Land in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland 2012, Carnegie Trust, UK.
31. Jedrej M.C., Nuttall M. White Settlers: the Impact of Rural Repopulation on Scotland 1996, Harwood, Luxembourg.
32. King C., Cruickshank M. Building capacity to engage: community engagement or Government engagement?. Commun. Develop. J. 2012, 47(1):5-28.
33. Kretzmann J.P., McKnight J.L. Building Communities from the Inside Out: A Path Toward Finding and Mobilizing a Community's Assets 1993, ACTA, Chicago.
34. Lachapelle P.R., McCool S.F. Exploring the concept of "ownership" in natural resource planning. Soc. Nat. Resour. 2005, 18(3):279-285.
35. Land Reform Review Group Land Reform Review Group: call for evidence. Annex A: Land Reform Review Group - Remit LRRG (online) URL:. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0040/00404428.pdf.
36. Lee J., Árnason A., Nightingale A., Shucksmith M. Networking: social capital and identities in European rural development. Sociol. Rural. 2005, 45(4):269-283.
37. MacAskill J. We Have Won the Land 1999, Acair, Stornoway.
38. Mackenzie A.F.D. Places of Possibility: Property, Nature and Community Land Ownership 2012, Wiley-Blackwell, London.
39. Mackenzie A.F.D. "S LeinnFhein am Fearann' (The land is ours): re-claiming land, re-creating community, North Harris, Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Environ. Plan. D: Soc. Space 2006, 24(4):577-598.
40. Mackenzie A.F.D. Re-imagining the land, North Sutherland, Scotland. J.Rural Stud. 2004, 20(3):273-287.
41. Mackenzie A.F.D., MacAskill J., Munro G., Seki E. Contesting land, creating community, in the Highlands and Islands, Scotland. Scottish Geogr. J. 2004, 120(3):159-180.
42. MacKinnon D. Rural Governance and local involvement: assessing state-community relations in the Scottish Highlands. J.Rural Stud. 2002, 18(3):307-324.
43. MacPhail I. Relating to land: the Assynt Crofters Trust. ECOS 2002, 23(1):26-35.
44. Magis K. Community resilience: an indicator of social sustainability. Soc. Natl. Resour. 2010, 23(5):401-416.
45. Mappatoba M. Co-management of Protected Areas: The Case of Community Agreements on Conservation in the Lore Lindu National Park Central Sulawesu Indonesia 2004, Institute of Rural Development, University of Gottingen.
46. Marsden T. Mobilities, vulnerabilities and sustainabilities: exploring pathways from denial to sustainable rural development. Sociol. Rural. 2011, 49(2):113-131.
47. Marshall G.R. Economics for Collaborative Environmental Management 2005, Earthscan, London.
48. McCay B.J., Acheson J.M. Human ecology of the commons. The Question of the Commons 1987, 1-36. University of Arizona, Tucson. B.J. McCay, J.M. Acheson (Eds.).
49. Nelson B.J., Kaboolian L., Carver K.A. The Concord Handbook: How to Build Social Capital Across Communities 2003, The Concord Project, Los Angeles.
50. Ostrom E. Ageneral framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science 2009, 325(5939):419-422.
51. Ostrom E. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action 1990, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
52. Pillai A. Community land ownership in Scotland: progress towards sustainable development of rural communities?. Mountains of Northern Europe: Conservation, Management, People and Nature 2005, 295-298. TSO, Scotland, Edinburgh. D.B.A. Thompson, M.F. Price, C.A. Galbraith (Eds.).
53. Pillai A. Sustainable rural communities? A legal perspective on the community right to buy. Land Use Policy 2010, 27:898-905.
54. Quirk B., Thake S. Making Assets Work 2007, The Quirk Review of Community Management and Ownership of Public Assets, Queens Copyright.
55. Ray C. Culture, intellectual property and territorial rural development. Sociol. Rural. 1998, 38:3-19.
56. Rohde R. Ideology, bureaucracy and aesthetics: landscape change and land reform in Northwest Scotland. Environ. Values 2004, 13:199-221.
57. Rubin H.J. Renewing Hope within Neighborhoods of Despair: The Community-based Development Model 2000, State University of New York Press, Albany.
58. Sanginga P.C., Kamugisha R.N., Martin A.M. The dynamics of social capital and conflict management in multiple resource regimes: a case study of the Southwestern Highlands of Uganda. Ecol. Soc. 2007, 12(1). (online) URL:. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art6/.
59. Satsangi M. Community land ownership, housing and sustainable rural communities. Plan. Pract. Res. 2009, 24(2):251-262.
60. Scott K., Park J., Cocklin C. From 'sustainable rural communities' to 'social sustainability' giving voice to diversity in Mangakahia Valley, New Zealand. J.Rural Stud. 2000, 16(4):433-446.
61. Scott A.J., Shannon P. Planning for rural development in Scotland: a new role for local landscape designations?. Plan. Theory Pract. 2007, 8(4):509-528.
62. Scottish Government Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 Crown Copyright, 2003. (online) URL:. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2003/2/contents.
63. Shucksmith M., Chapman O., Clark G.M. Rural Scotland Today. The Best of Both Worlds? 1996, Avebury, Aldershot.
64. Skerratt S. Community Landownership and Community Resilience 2011, Rural Policy Centre Research Report, Scottish Agricultural College, (online) URL:. http://www.sac.ac.uk/mainrep/pdfs/commlandownerfulllowres.pdf.
65. Slee B., Blackstock K., Brown K., Dilley R., Cook P., Grieve J., Moxey A. Monitoring and Evaluating the Effects of Land Reform on Rural Scotland - A Scoping Study and Impact Assessment 2008, Scottish Government Social Research, Edinburgh.
66. SQW The Scottish Land Fund Evaluation. Final report to the Big Lottery Fund (online) URL:. http://www.biglotteryfund.org.uk/er_eval_slf_final_report.pdf.
67. SQW Evaluation of the Community Land Unit 2005, Final report to Highlands and Islands Enterprise, Inverness.
68. Thake S. Community Assets: the Benefits and Costs of Community Management and Ownership 2006, HMSO: Department of Communities and Local Government.
69. Waldinger R. The 'Other Side' of embeddedness: a case study of the interplay between economy and ethnicity. Ethnic Racial Stud. 1995, 18:555-580.
70. Warren C.R. Managing Scotland's Environment 2009, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. second ed.
71. Warren C.R., McFadyen M. Does community ownership affect public attitudes to wind energy? A case study from south-west Scotland. Land Use Policy 2010, 27:204-213.
72. Wightman A. Land reform; The Way Ahead 2011, Scottish Community Alliance.
73. Wightman A. The Poor Had No Lawyers (Who Owns Scotland And How They Got It) 2011, Birlinn.
74. Wightman A. Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003, (Part 2 The Community Right to buy) A Two Year Review, Caledonian Briefing no 6 2007, Caledonian Centre for Social Development.
75. Wightman A., Boyd G. Not-for-Profit Landowning Organisations in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland: Organisational Profiles and Sector Review 2001, Report to HIE and SNH.
76. Wightman A. Who Owns Scotland 1997, Canongate Books Ltd.