An Analysis of Select Emerging Executive Skills in Perinatally HIV-1-Infected Children

Applied Neuropsychology: Child

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 10-25

  Llorente, Antolin M ^a   Brouwers, Pim ^b   Leighty, Robert ^c   Malee, Kathleen ^d   Smith, Renee ^e   Harris, Lynnette ^f   Serchuck, Leslie K ^g   Blasini, Ileana ^h   Chase, Cynthia ⁱ  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

^c Clinical Trials & Surveys Corp   (United States)

^d CHILDREN'S MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

^f BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g Pediatric Adolescent and Young Adult Section   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

ⁱ BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

executive skills; higher order cognition; HIV; moderating variables; pediatric; psychosocial factors

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; UNITED STATES; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION;

CHILD; COGNITION DISORDERS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; RISK FACTORS; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84887925109     PISSN: 21622965     EISSN: 21622973     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2012.686853     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Anderson, V., Levin, H. S., & Jacobs, R. (2002). Executive functions after frontal lobe injury: A developmental perspective. In D. T. Stuss, & R. T. Knight (Eds.), Principles of frontal lobe function (pp. 504-527). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
2. Barkley, R. A. (2005). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (), 3rd ed. New York, NY: Guilford.
3. Bartok, J., Martin, E., Pitrak, D., Farinpour, R., Novak, R., Pursell, K., & Mullane, K. (1996). Working memory deficits in HIV-seropositive drug users, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2, 57.
4. Belman, A. L., Ultmann, M. H., Horoupian, D., Novick, B., Spiro, A. J., Rubinstein, A.,... Cone-Wesson, B. (1985). Neurological complications in infants and children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Annals of Neurology, 18, 560-566.
5. Benton, A. (1991). Prefrontal injury and behavior in children, Developmental Neuropsychology, 7, 275-282.
6. Blume, W. T. (1998). Neurodiagnostic laboratory procedures. In R. B. David (Ed.), Child and adolescent neurology (pp. 87-128). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
7. Boivin, M. J., Green, S. D. R., Davies, A. G., Giordani, B., Mokili, J. K. L., & Cutting, N. A. M. (1995). A preliminary evaluation of the cognitive and motor effects of pediatric HIV infection in Zairian children, Health Psychology, 14, 13-21.
8. Bremer, J. W., Lew, J. F., Cooper, E., Hillyer, G. V., Pitt, J., Handelsman, E.,... Hoff, B. (1996). Diagnosis of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by a DNA polymerase chain reaction assay among infants enrolled in the Women and Infants Transmission Study, Journal of Pediatrics, 129, 198-207.
9. Brocki, K. C., & Bohlin, G. (2004). Executive functions in children aged 6 to 13: A dimensional and developmental study, Developmental Neuropsychology, 26, 571-593.
10. Brouwers, P., Moss, H., & Wolters, P. (1990). Effect of continuous-infusion zidovudine therapy on neuropsychologic functioning of children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection, Journal of Pediatrics, 117, 980-985.
11. Brouwers, P., Wolters, P., & Civitello, L. (1998). Central nervous system manifestations and assessment. In P. A. Pizzo & C. M. Wilfert (Eds.), Pediatric AIDS: The challenge of HIV infection in infants, children, and adolescents (3rd ed., pp. 293-308). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
12. Brown, J. W. (1990). Psychology of time awareness, Brain and Cognition, 14, 144-164.
13. Carey, C. L., Woods, S. P., Gonzalez, R., Conover, E., Marcotte, T. D., Grant, I.,... The HNRC Group. (2004). Predictive validity of average executive functioning scores in detecting neuropsychological impairment in HIV infection, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26, 307-319.
14. Castellanos, F. X., Giedd, J. N., Marsh, W. L., Hamburger, S. D., Vaituzis, A. C., Dickstein, D. P.,... Rapoport, J. (1996). Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 607-616.
15. Centers for Disease Control, & Prevention. (1994). 1994 revised classification system for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children less than 13 years of age, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 43, 1.
16. Centers for Disease Control, & Prevention. (2005). HIV/AIDS surveillance report. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillancereports/2005 report
17. Centers for Disease Control, & Prevention. (2010). HIV AIDS statistics and surveillance. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance
18. Chase, C., Ware, J., Hittleman, J., Blasini, I., Smith, R., Llorente, A.,... Kaligh, L. I. (2000). Early cognitive and motor development among infants born to women infected by human immunodeficiency virus, Pediatrics, 106, e25.
19. Cooper, E. R., Charurat, M., Mofenson, L., Hanson, I. C., Pitt, J., Diaz, C.,... Women, and Infants Transmission Study Group. (2002). Combination antiretroviral strategies for the treatment of pregnant HIV-1-infected women and prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 29, 484-494.
20. Cummings, J. L., & Benson, D. F. (1983). Dementia: A clinical approach. Boston, MA: Butterworths.
21. Davis, L. E., Hjelle, B. L., Miller, V. E., Palmer, M. D., Llewellyn, A. L., Merlin, T, L.,... Wiley, C. (1992). Early viral brain invasion in iatrogenic human immunodeficiency virus infection, Neurology, 42, 1736-1739.
22. Diamond, A. (2000). Close interrelation of motor development and cognitive development and of the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex, Child Development, 71, 44-46.
23. Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1983). An introduction to the bootstrap. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall.
24. Epstein, L. G., Sharer, L. R., Joshi, V. V., Fojas, M. M., Koenigsberger, M. R., & Oleske, J. M. (1985). Progressive encephalopathy in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, Annals of Neurology, 17, 488-496.
25. Fuster, J. M. (1989). The prefrontal cortex. New York, NY: Raven.
26. Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function: Professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
27. Goldman-Rakic, P. S., & Leung, H.-C. (2002). Functional architecture of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in monkeys and humans. In D. T. Stuss, & R. T. Knight (Eds.), Principles of frontal lobe function (pp. 85-95). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
28. Heaton, R. K., Grant, I., Butters, N., White, D. A., Kirson, D., Atkinson, J. H.,... The HNRC Group. (1995). The HNRC 500-neuropsychology of HIV infection at different disease stages, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1, 231-251.
29. Heaton, R. K., Clifford, D. B., Franklin, D. R., Jr., Woods, S. P., Ake, C., Vaida, F.,... CHARTER Group. (2010). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER study, Neurology, 75, 2087-2096.
30. Kaul, M., & Lipton, S. A. (2006). Mechanisms of neuronal injury and death in HIV-1 associated dementia, Current HIV Research, 4, 307-318.
31. Korkman, M., Kirk, U., & Kemp, S. (1998). NEPSY: A developmental neuropsychological assessment: Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
32. Kovacs, M. (1992). Children's Depression Inventory: Manual. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
33. Levin, H. S., Benton, A. L., & Grossman, R. G. (1982). Neurobehavioral consequences of closed head injury. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
34. Liang, K. Y., & Zeger S. L. (1986). Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models, Biometrika, 73, 13-22.
35. Llorente, A., Brouwers, P., Charurat, M., Magder, L., Malee, K., Mellins, C.,... Women, and Infants Transmission Study Group. (2003). Early neurodevelopmental markers predictive of mortality in infants infected with HIV-1, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 45, 76-84.
36. Llorente, A., Brouwers, P., Thompson, B., Cheng, I., Macmillan, C., LaRussa, P.,... Chase, C. (2006). Effects of polymorphisms of chemokine receptors on neurodevelopment and the onset of encephalopathy in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection, Applied Neuropsychology, 13, 180-189.
37. Llorente, A. M., LoPresti, C. M., & Satz, P. (1997). Neuropsychological and neurobehavioral sequelae associated with pediatric HIV infection. In C. R. Reynolds & E. Fletcher-Janzen (Eds.), Handbook of clinical child neuropsychology (, 2nd ed., pp. 634-650). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
38. Llorente, A. M., LoPresti, C. M., & Satz, P. (2009). Neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental sequelae associated with pediatric HIV infection. In C. R. Reynolds & E. Fletcher-Janzen (Eds.), Handbook of clinical child neuropsychology (3rd ed., pp. 635-670). New York, NY: Springer.
39. Llorente, A. M., Miller, E. N., D'Elia, L. F., Selnes, O. A., Wesch, J., Becker, J. T., & Satz, P. (1998). Slowed information processing in HIV-1 disease, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20, 60-72.
40. Llorente, A. M., Turcich, M., & Lawrence, K. A. (2004). Differences in neuropsychological performance associated with ethnicity in children with HIV-1 infection: Preliminary findings, Applied Neuropsychology, 11, 47-53.
41. Luria, A. R. (1980). Higher cortical functions in man (), 2nd ed. New York, NY: Basic Books.
42. Lyman, W. D., Kress, Y., Kure, K., Rushbaum, W. K., Rubinstein, A., & Seiro, R. (1990). Detection of HIV in fetal central nervous system tissue, AIDS, 4, 917-920.
43. Martin, S. C., Wolters, P. L., Toledo-Tamula, M. A., Zeichner, S. L., Hazra, R., & Civitello, L. (2006). Cognitive functioning in school-aged children with vertically acquired HIV infection being treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), Developmental Neuropsychology, 30, 633-657.
44. McCloskey, G., Perkins, L. A., & Van Divner, B. (2009). Assessment and intervention for executive function difficulties. New York, NY: Routledge Press.
45. Mellins, C. A., Brackis-Cott, E., Dolezal, C., & Abrams, E. J. (2004). The role of psychosocial and family factors in adherence to antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children, Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 23, 1035-1041.
46. Mellins, C., Smith, R., O'Driscoll, P., Magder, L., Brouwers, P., Chase, C., & Matzen, E. (2003). High rates of behavioral problems in perinatally HIV-infected children are not linked to HIV disease, Pediatrics, 111, 384-393.
47. Mitchell, W. (2001). Neurological and developmental effects of HIV and AIDS in children and adolescents, Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 7, 211-216.
48. Nutt, D., King, L. A., Saulsbury, W., & Blubenol, C. (2007). Development of a rational scale to assess drugs of potential misuse, Lancet, 369, 1047-1053.
49. Paterson, D. L., Swindells, S., Mohr, J., Brester, M., Vergis, E. N., Squier, C.,... Singh, N. (2000). Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection, Annals of Internal Medicine, 133, 21-30.
50. Reitan, R. M. (1979). Trail Making Test: Manual for administration and scoring. Tucson, AZ: Reitan Neuropsychological Laboratory.
51. Rodriguez, E., Mendez, H., Rich, K., Sheon, A., Fox, H., Green, K.,... Mofenson, L. (1993). Maternal drug use in perinatal HIV studies: The Women and Infants Transmission Study, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 693, 245-248.
52. SAS Institute Inc. (1999). SAS Version 8.2. Cary, NC: Author.
53. Sharer, L. R., Dowling, P., Michaels, J., & Cook, S. D. (1990). Spinal cord disease in children with HIV-1 infection: A combined biological and neuropathological study, Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 16, 317-331.
54. Sheon, A. R., Fox, H. E., Rich, K. C., Stratton, C., Diaz, C., Tuomala, R.,... Alexander, G. (1996). The Women and Infants Transmission Study (WITS) of maternal-infant HIV transmission: Design, methods, and baseline data, Journal of Women's Health, 5, 69-78.
55. Smith, R., Malee, K., Charurat, M., Magder, L., Mellins, C., & MacMillan, C.,... Moye, J. (2000). Timing of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection and rate of neurodevelopment, Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 19, 862-871.
56. Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. (1986). The frontal lobes. New York, NY: Raven Press.
57. Stuss, D. T., & Knight, R. T. (2002). Principles of frontal lobe functions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
58. Woodcock, R. W., & Johnson, M. B. (1989). Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-Revised. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources.
59. World Health Organization Working Group. (1986). Use and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 643, 929-941.