Aerological observations in the Tropics in the Early Twentieth Century

Meteorologische Zeitschrift

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 349-358

  Brönnimann, Stefan ^a   Stickler, Alexander ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Berson westerlies; Historical aerology; Quasi Biennial Oscillation; Tropical tropopause

Indexed keywords

BERSON WESTERLIES; HISTORICAL AEROLOGY; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SURFACE PRESSURES; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; TWENTIETH CENTURY; WEATHER INFORMATION;

CLOUDS; METEOROLOGY; OSCILLATORS (MECHANICAL); SEA LEVEL;

TROPICS;

METEOROLOGY; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; TROPICAL REGION; TROPOPAUSE; TWENTIETH CENTURY; WESTERLY;

EAST AFRICAN LAKES; LAKE VICTORIA;

EID: 84887853535     PISSN: 09412948     EISSN: 16101227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0458     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. ASSMANN, R., 1902: Uber die Existenz eines wärmeren Luftstromes in der Höhe von 10 bis 15 km. - Sitzber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 24, 495-504.
2. ASSMANN, R., A. BERSON (Eds.), 1899: Wissenschaftliche Luftfahrten. Erster Band. Geschichte und Beobachtungsmaterial. Vieweg und Sohn (Braunschweig).
3. ASSMANN, R., A. BERSON (Eds.), 1900a: Wissenschaftliche Luftfahrten. Zweiter Band. Beschreibung und Ergebnisse der einzelnen Fahrten. Vieweg und Sohn (Braunschweig).
4. ASSMANN, R., A. BERSON (Eds.), 1900b: Wissenschaftliche Luftfahrten. Dritter Band. Zusammenfassung und Hauptergebnisse. Vieweg und Sohn (Braunschweig).
5. ASSMANN, R., A. BERSON, 1902: Ergebnisse der Arbeiten am Ae?ronautischen Observatorium in den Jahren 1900 und 1901 (Ed. VON BEZOLD). - Asher & Co. (Berlin).
6. BALDWIN, M. P., L. J. GRAY, T. J. DUNKERTON, K. HAMILTON, P. H. HAYNES, W. J. RANDEL, J. R. HOLTON, M. J. ALEXANDER, I. HIROTA, T. HORINOUCHI, D. B. A. JONES, J. S. KINNERSLEY, C. MARQUARDT, K. SATO, M. TAKAHASHI, 2001: The Quasi-biennial oscillation. - Rev. Geophys. 39, 179-229.
7. BERSON, A., 1910: Bericht über die aerologische Expedition des königlichen aeronautischen Observatoriums nach Ostafrika im Jahre 1908. - Königlich Preußischen Aeronautischen Observatoriums bei Lindenberg (ed. ASSMANN).
8. BERNHARDT, K., 2000: Zur Erforschung der Atmosphäre mit dem Freiballon - Die Berliner wissenschaftlichen Luftfahrten. - Dahlemer Archivgespräche 6/2000, 52-82.
9. BRONNIMANN, S., G. P. COMPO, 2012: Ozone highs and associated flow features in the first half of the twentieth century in different data sets. - Meteorol. Z. 21, 49-59.
10. BRONNIMANN, S., J. L. ANNIS, C. VOGLER, P. D. JONES, 2007: Reconstructing the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation back to the early 1900s. - Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L22805. doi:10.1029/2007GL031354.
11. BRONNIMANN, S., G. P. COMPO, R. SPADIN, R. ALLAN, W. ADAM, 2011: Early ship-based upper-air data and comparison with the Twentieth Century Reanalysis. - Clim. Past 7, 265-276.
12. COMPO, G. P., J. S. WHITAKER, P. D. SARDESHMUKH, N. MATSUI, R. J. ALLAN, X. YIN, B. E. GLEASON, R. S. VOSE, G. RUTLEDGE, P. BESSEMOULIN, S. BRONNIMANN, M. BRUNET, R. I. CROUTHAMEL, A. N. GRANT, P. Y. GROISMAN, P. D. JONES, M. KRUK, A. C. KRUGER, G. J. MARSHALL, M. MAUGERI, H. Y. MOK, Ø. NORDLI, T. F. ROSS, R. M. TRIGO, X. L. WANG, S. D. WOODRUFF, S. J. WORLEY, 2011: The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project. - Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 137, 1-28.
13. DE ORY, F., M. PALOMARES, 2005: The observation of the atmosphere in Tenerife Island during the last centuries and the mountain observatory in Izana. - Algorismus 52, 129-142.
14. EMEIS, S., 2008: History of the Meteorologische Zeitschrift. - Meteorol. Z. 17, 685-693.
15. EMEIS, S., 2012: Assmann's development of aspiration psychrometers. - Meteorol. Z. 21, 431-435.
16. EBDON, R. A., 1963: The tropical stratospheric wind fluctuation: Evidence of its permanency from earlier data. - Weather 18, 2-7.
17. FERREL, W., 1856: An essay on the winds and the currents of the Oceans. - Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery 11, Nos. 4 and 5 (http://www.aos. princeton.edu/WWWPUBLIC/gkv/history/ferrel-nashville56.pdf, accessed 19 Nov. 2012).
18. FUEGLISTALER, S., A. E. DESSLER, T. DUNKERTON, I. FOLKINS, Q. FU, P. W. MOTE, 2009: Tropical Tropopause Layer. - Rev. Geophys. 47, RG1004, doi:10.1029/2008RG000267.
19. GRAMELSBERGER, G., 2009: Conceiving Meteorology as the exact science of the atmosphere: Vilhelm Bjerknes's paper of 1904 as a milestone. - Meteorol. Z. 18, 669-673.
20. HADLEY, G., 1735: Concerning the Cause of the General Trade-Winds. - Phil. Trans. 39, 58-62.
21. HALLEY, E., 1686: An Historical Account of the Trade Winds, and Monsoons, Observable in the Seas between and Near the Tropicks, with an Attempt to Assign the Phisical Cause of the Said Winds. - Phil. Trans. 16, 153- 168.
22. HAMILTON, K., 2012: Sereno Bishop, Rollo Russell, Bishop's Ring and the Discovery of the ''Krakatoa Easterlies''. - Atmosphere-Ocean 50, 169-175.
23. HANN, J., 1887: Atlas der Meteorologie. - Justus Perthes, Gotha.
24. HANN, J., R. SURING (ED.), 1915: Lehrbuch der Meteorologie. 3rd Edition. - Tauchnitz (Leipzig).
25. HASTENRATH, S., 2007: Equatorial zonal circulations: Historical perspectives. - Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 43, 16-24.
26. HILDEBRANDT, A., 1907: Die Luftschiffahrt nach ihrer geschichtlichen und gegenwärtigen Entwicklung. R. Oldenbourg, 426 pp.
27. KALNAY, E., M. KANAMITSU, R. KISTLER, W. COLLINS, D. DEAVEN, L. GANDIN, M. IREDELL, S. SAHA, G. WHITE, J. WOOLLEN, Y. ZHU, A. LEETMAA, R. REYNOLDS, M. CHELLIAH, W. EBISUZAKI, W. HIGGINS, J. JANOWIAK, K. C. MO, C. ROPELEWSKI, J. WANG, R. JENNE, D. JOSEPH, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. - B. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 77, 437-471.
28. LABITZKE, K., H. V. LOON, 1999: The Stratosphere: Phenomena, History and Relevance. - Springer, 179 pp.
29. LABITZKE, K., M. KUNZE, S. BRONNIMANN, 2006: Sunspots, the QBO and the stratosphere in the North Polar region - 20 years later. - Meteorol. Z. 15, 355-363.
30. NICHOLSON, S. E., 1996: A review of climate dynamics and climate variability in eastern Africa. - In: JOHNSON T.C., E. ODADA (Eds.) The limnology, climatology and paleoclimatology of the East African lakes, Gordon and Breach, Amsterdam, p. 25-56.
31. PRINCE ALBERT of MONACO, 1907: Meteorological Researches in the High Atmosphere. - Scottish Geographical Magazine 23, 113-122.
32. REED, R. G., W. J. CAMPBELL, L. A. RASMUSSEN, D. G. ROGERS, 1961: Evidence of downward-propagating annual wind reversal in the equatorial stratosphere. - J. Geophys. Res. 66, 813-818.
33. RIEHL, H., 1954: Tropical meteorology. - McGraw-Hill Books, New York, Toronto, London, 392 pp.
34. ROTCH, A. L., 1902: The circulation of the atmosphere in the tropical and equatorial regions. - Mon. Wea. Rev. 30, 181- 183.
35. SHAW, W. N., 1905: The Pulse of the Atmospheric Circulation. - Nature 73, 175-177.
36. STEINHAGEN, H., 2009a: Zum 150. Geburtstag von Hugo Hergesell. - dmg-Mitteilungen 01/2009, 7-10.
37. STEINHAGEN, H., 2009b: Zum 150. Geburtstag von Arthur Berson. - dmg-Mitteilungen 04/2009, 11-13.
38. STICKLER, A., A. N. GRANT, T. EWEN, T. F. ROSS, R. S. VOSE, J. COMEAUX, P. BESSEMOULIN, K. JYLHA, W. K. ADAM, P. JEANNET, A. NAGURNY, A. M. STERIN, R. ALLAN, G. P. COMPO, T. GRIESSER, S. BRONNIMANN, 2010: The Comprehensive Historical Upper Air Network (CHUAN). - B. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 91, 741-751.
39. STICKLER, A., S. BRONNIMANN, 2011: Significant bias of the NCEP/NCAR and Twentieth Century reanalyses relative to pilot balloon observations over the West African monsoon region (1940-57). -Q. J. Roy.Meteorol. Soc. 137, 1400-1416.
40. SYMONS, G. J., 1888: The Eruption of Krakatoa, and subsequent phenomena. Report of the Krakatoa Committee of the Royal Society. - Trübner & Company, 494 pp.
41. SURING, R., 1910: A. Berson's Bericht über die aerologische Expedition des königlichen aeronautischen Observatoriums nach Ostafrika im Jahre 1908 (Report by A. Berson about the aerological expedition of the Royal Aeronautic Observatory to Eastern Africa in 1908). - Meteorol. Z. 27, 536-542. (translated and edited byy
42. VOLKEN E. and S. BRONNIMANN - Meteorol. Z. 22 (2013), XXX-XXX-))
43. SURING, R., 1943: Nachruf auf Arthur Berson. - Meteorol. Z. 60, 26-28.
44. TEISSERENC DE BORT, L.-P., 1902: Variations de la temperature de l'air libre dans la zone comprise 8 km et 13 km d'altitude. - C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 24, 987-989.
45. VAN BEMMELEN, W., 1911: Die Windverhältnisse in den oberen Luftschichten nach Ballonvisierungen in Batavia. - Koninklijk Magnetisch en Meteorologisch Observatorium te Batavia. Verhandelingen No. 1.
46. VERYARD, R. G., R. A. EBDON, 1961: Fluctuations in tropical stratospheric winds. - The Meteorological magazine 90, 125-143.