Legislated changes to federal pension income in Canada will adversely affect low income seniors' health

Preventive Medicine

Volumn 57, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 963-966

  Emery, J C Herbert ^a   Fleisch, Valerie C ^a   McIntyre, Lynn ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Canada; Food insecurity; Health; Income; Pensions; Population; Seniors

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANADA; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMPLOYMENT; EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE; FOOD INSECURITY; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH; HEALTH STATUS INDICATOR; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INCOME; LAW; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PENSION; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENIOR HEALTH; SOCIAL INSURANCE; WORKMAN COMPENSATION;

CANADA; FOOD INSECURITY; HEALTH; INCOME; PENSIONS; POPULATION; SENIORS;

AGED; CANADA; FEDERAL GOVERNMENT; FOOD SUPPLY; HEALTH STATUS; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INCOME; LEGISLATION AS TOPIC; MIDDLE AGED; PENSIONS; POVERTY;

EID: 84887817694     PISSN: 00917435     EISSN: 10960260     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.004     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bickel G., Nord M., Price C., Hamilton W., Cook J. Guide to measuring household food security, revised 2000 2000, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Available from: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fsec/files/fsguide.pdf. Accessed November 21, 2012.
2. Campeau G. From UI to EI: Waging War on the Welfare State 2005, University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver.
3. Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) National health expenditure trends, 1975-2011 2011, Available from:, https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/nhex_trends_report_2011_en.pdf. Accessed November 21, 2012.
4. Che J., Chen J. Food insecurity in Canadian households. Health Rep. 2001, 12:11-21.
5. Denton F.J., Spencer B.G. Age of pension eligibility, gains in life expectancy and social policy. Can. Public Policy 2011, 37:183-199.
6. Finlayson G., Ekuma O., Yogendran M., Burland E., Forget E. The additional cost of chronic disease in Manitoba 2010, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Winnipeg, MB.
7. Government of Canada Budget 2012. Chapter 4: Sustainable social programs and a secure retirement 2012, Available from:, http://www.budget.gc.ca/2012/plan/chap4-eng.html#a1. Accessed October 31, 2012.
8. Gucciardi E., Vogt J.A., DeMelo M., Stewart D.E. Exploration of the relationship between household food insecurity and diabetes in Canada. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:2218-2224.
9. Health Canada Income-related household food security in Canada 2007, Office of Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Health Products and Food Branch, Available from: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/surveill/nutrition/commun/income_food_sec-sec_alim-eng.php. Accessed April 10, 2012.
10. Health Canada Household food insecurity in Canada in 2007-2008: Key statistics and graphics 2011, Available from:, http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/surveill/nutrition/commun/insecurit/key-stats-cles-2007-2008-eng.php#fn-np7. Accessed November 21, 2012.
11. Kneebone R., White K. Fiscal retrenchment and social assistance in Canada. Can. Public Policy 2009, 35:21-40.
12. Ledrou I., Gervais J. Food insecurity. Health Rep. 2005, 16:47-52.
13. MacDonald M. The impact of a restructured Canadian welfare state on Atlantic Canada. Soc. Policy Adm. 1998, 32:389-400.
14. McIntyre L., Connor S.K., Warren J. Child hunger in Canada: Results of the 1994 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. CMAJ 2000, 163:961-965.
15. Myles J. The maturation of Canada's retirement income system: Income levels, income inequality and low income among older persons. Can. J. Aging 2000, 19:287-316.
16. National Advisory Council on Ageing (NACA), Government of Canada Seniors on the margin: Ageing in poverty in Canada 2005, Available from:, http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/H88-5-3-2005E.pdf. Accessed November 5, 2012.
17. National Advisory Council on Ageing (NACA), Government of Canada Seniors in Canada. 2006 Report Card 2006, Available from:, http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/HP30-1-2006E.pdf. Accessed November 5, 2012.
18. Osberg L. Poverty among senior citizens: A Canadian success story. The State of Economics in Canada: Festschrift in Honour of David Slater 2001, 151-181. Centre for the Study of Living Standards. P. Grady, A. Sharpe (Eds.).
19. Podoluk J.R. Incomes of Canadians, 1961 Census Monograph Program 1968, Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Ottawa.
20. Service Canada Overview of the Old Age Security (OAS) program Available from:, (Accessed October 18, 2012). http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/isp/oas/oastoc.shtml.
21. Statistics Canada A portrait of seniors in Canada 2006, Available from:, http://www.statcan.gc.ca/ads-annonces/89-519-x/index-eng.htm. Accessed October 30, 2012.
22. Statistics Canada Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) - Annual component 2008, Available from:, http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SurvId=3226&SurvVer=1&InstaId=15282&InstaVer=4&SDDS=3226&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2. Accessed November 21, 2012.
23. Stuff J.E., Casey P.H., Szeto K.L., et al. Household food insecurity is associated with adult health status. J. Nutr. 2004, 134:2330-2335.
24. Tarasuk V.S. Household food insecurity with hunger is associated with women's food intakes, health and household circumstances. J. Nutr. 2001, 131:2670-2676.
25. Tarasuk V., Vogt J. Household food insecurity in Ontario. Can. J. Public Health 2009, 100:184-188.
26. Tarasuk V., McIntyre L., Li J. Low-income women's dietary intakes are sensitive to the depletion of household resources in one month. J. Nutr. 2007, 137:1980-1998.
27. Vozoris N.T., Tarasuk V. Household food insufficiency is associated with poorer health. J. Nutr. 2003, 133:120-126.
28. Whitaker R.C., Phillips S.M., Orzol S.M. Food insecurity and the risks of depression and anxiety in mothers and behavior problems in their preschool-aged children. Pediatrics 2006, 118:e859-e868.