Basic techniques for long distance axon tracing in the spinal cord

Microscopy Research and Technique

Volumn 76, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 1240-1249

  Hellenbrand, Daniel J ^a,b   Kaeppler, Katie E ^a   Hwang, Euhaa ^a   Ehlers, Mark E ^a   Toigo, Ross D ^a   Giesler, Joseph D ^a   Vassar Olsen, Erika R ^a   Hanna, Amgad ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b University of Wisconsin Madison   (United States)

Author keywords

Anterograde; Axon tracer; Biotinylated dextran amine; Cholera toxin B; Retrograde

Indexed keywords

DISEASES;

ANTEROGRADE; AREA OF INTEREST; AXON TRACER; AXON TRACINGS; BIOTINYLATED DEXTRAN AMINE; CHOLERA TOXIN B; REGENERATION PROCESS; RETROGRADE; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SPINAL-CORD;

DEXTRAN;

BIOTIN; BIOTINYLATED DEXTRAN AMINE; CHOLERA TOXIN; DEXTRAN; DRUG DERIVATIVE;

ANIMAL; ANTEROGRADE; ARTICLE; AXON TRACER; BRAIN STEM; CHOLERA TOXIN-B; DRUG EFFECT; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MOTOR CORTEX; NERVE FIBER; NERVE REGENERATION; PHYSIOLOGY; RAT; RETROGRADE; SCIATIC NERVE; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SPRAGUE DAWLEY RAT; STAINING;

ANTEROGRADE; AXON TRACER; BIOTINYLATED DEXTRAN AMINE; CHOLERA TOXIN-B; RETROGRADE;

ANIMALS; AXONS; BIOTIN; BRAIN STEM; CHOLERA TOXIN; DEXTRANS; MALE; MICROSCOPY, FLUORESCENCE; MOTOR CORTEX; NERVE REGENERATION; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; SCIATIC NERVE; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; STAINING AND LABELING;

EID: 84887815625     PISSN: 1059910X     EISSN: 10970029     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22291     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Aflalo TN, Graziano MS. 2006. Possible origins of the complex topographic organization of motor cortex: Reduction of a multidimensional space onto a two-dimensional array. J Neurosci 26:6288-6297.
2. Armand J. 1982. The origin, course and terminations of corticospinal fibers in various mammals. Prog Brain Res 57:329-360.
3. Brodal A. 1974. Anatomy of the vestibular nuclei and their connections. In: Kornhuber HH, editor. Handbook of sensory physiology. New York, NY: Springer Verlag.
4. Brosamle C, Schwab ME. 1997. Cells of origin, course, and termination patterns of the ventral, uncrossed component of the mature rat corticospinal tract. J Comp Neurol 386:293-303.
5. Brosamle C, Huber AB, Fiedler M, Skerra A, Schwab ME. 2000. Regeneration of lesioned corticospinal tract fibers in the adult rat induced by a recombinant, humanized IN-1 antibody fragment. J Neurosci 20:8061-8068.
6. Buford JA, Davidson AG. 2004. Movement-related and preparatory activity in the reticulospinal system of the monkey. Exp Brain Res 159:284-300.
7. Daniel H, Billard JM, Angaut P, Batini C. 1987. The interposito-rubrospinal system. Anatomical tracing of a motor control pathway in the rat. Neurosci Res 5:87-112.
8. David S, Aguayo AJ. 1981. Axonal elongation into peripheral nervous-system bridges after central nervous-system injury in adult-rats. Science 214:931-933.
9. Davies JE, Huang C, Proschel C, Noble M, Mayer-Proschel M, Davies SJ. 2006. Astrocytes derived from glial-restricted precursors promote spinal cord repair. J Biol 5(3):7.1-7.21.
10. Davies JE, Proschel C, Zhang N, Noble M, Mayer-Proschel M, Davies SJ. 2008. Transplanted astrocytes derived from BMP- or CNTF-treated glial-restricted precursors have opposite effects on recovery and allodynia after spinal cord injury. J Biol 7(7):24.1-24.20.
11. Deumens R, Koopmans GC, Joosten EA. 2005. Regeneration of descending axon tracts after spinal cord injury. Prog Neurobiol 77:57-89.
12. Fritzsch B. 1993. Fast axonal diffusion of 3000 molecular weight dextran amines. J Neurosci Methods 50:95-103.
13. Hodgetts SI, Plant GW, Harvey AR. 2009. Spinal cord injury: Experimental animal models and relation to human therapy, 1st ed. In: Watson C, Paxinos G, Kayalioglu G, editors. The spinal cord. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 209-237.
14. Hurley KM, Herbert H, Moga MM, Saper CB. 1991. Efferent projections of the infralimbic cortex of the rat. J Comp Neurol 308:249-276.
15. Kleim JA, Barbay S, Nudo RJ. 1998. Functional reorganization of the rat motor cortex following motor skill learning. J Neurophysiol 80:3321-3325.
16. Kristensson K, Ghetti B, Wisniewski HM. 1974. Study on the propagation of Herpes simplex virus (type 2) into the brain after intraocular injection. Brain Res 69:189-201.
17. Lanciego JL, Wouterlood FG. 2011. A half century of experimental neuroanatomical tracing. J Chem Neuroanat 42:157-183.
18. Lee H, McKeon RJ, Bellamkonda RV. 2010. Sustained delivery of thermostabilized chABC enhances axonal sprouting and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:3340-3345.
19. Li XG, Florence SL, Kaas JH. 1990. Areal distributions of cortical neurons projecting to different levels of the caudal brain stem and spinal cord in rats. Somatosens Mot Res 7:315-335.
20. Massion J. 1967. The mammalian red nucleus. Physiol Rev 47:383-436.
21. Miller MW. 1987. The origin of corticospinal projection neurons in rat. Exp Brain Res 67:339-351.
22. Murray HM, Gurule ME. 1979. Origin of the rubrospinal tract of the rat. Neurosci Lett 14:19-23.
23. Neafsey EJ, Bold EL, Haas G, Hurley-Gius KM, Quirk G, Sievert CF, Terreberry RR. 1986. The organization of the rat motor cortex: A microstimulation mapping study. Brain Res 396:77-96.
24. Peterson BW. 1979. Reticulospinal projections to spinal motor nuclei. Annu Rev Physiol 41:127-140.
25. Peterson BW, Coulter JD. 1977. A new long spinal projection from the vestibular nuclei in the cat. Brain Res 122:351-356.
26. Sanes JN, Donoghue JP. 2000. Plasticity and primary motor cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci 23:393-415.
27. Schieber MH. 2001. Constraints on somatotopic organization in the primary motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 86:2125-2143.
28. Schwab ME, Bartholdi D. 1996. Degeneration and regeneration of axons in the lesioned spinal cord. Physiol Rev 76:319-370.
29. Shamboul KM. 1980. Lumbosacral predominance of vestibulospinal fibre projection in the rat. J Comp Neurol 192:519-530.
30. Shields LB, Zhang YP, Burke DA, Gray R, Shields CB. 2008. Benefit of chondroitinase ABC on sensory axon regeneration in a laceration model of spinal cord injury in the rat. Surg Neurol 69:568-577; discussion 577.
31. Sirkin DW, Feng AS. 1987. Autoradiographic study of descending pathways from the pontine reticular formation and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in the rat. J Comp Neurol 256:483-493.
32. Sivasankaran R, Pei J, Wang KC, Zhang YP, Shields CB, Xu XM, He Z. 2004. PKC mediates inhibitory effects of myelin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on axonal regeneration. Nat Neurosci 7:261-268.
33. Sotelo C, Palay SL. 1968. The fine structure of the lateral vestibular nucleus in the rat. I. Neurons and neuroglial cells. J Cell Biol 36:151-179.
34. Steward O, Zheng BH, Ho C, Anderson K, Tessier-Lavigne M. 2004. The dorsolateral corticospinal tract in mice: An alternative route for corticospinal input to caudal segments following dorsal column lesions. J Comp Neurol 472:463-477.
35. Strominger RN, McGiffen JE, Strominger NL. 1987. Morphometric and experimental studies of the red nucleus in the albino rat. Anat Rec 219:420-428.
36. Tobias CA, Shumsky JS, Shibata M, Tuszynski MH, Fischer I, Tessler A, Murray M. 2003. Delayed grafting of BDNF and NT-3 producing fibroblasts into the injured spinal cord stimulates sprouting, partially rescues axotomized red nucleus neurons from loss and atrophy, and provides limited regeneration. Exp Neurol 184:97-113.
37. Todorova N, Rodziewicz GS. 1995. Biotin-dextran: Fast retrograde tracing of sciatic nerve motoneurons. J Neurosci Methods 61:145-150.
38. Tracey D. 2004. Ascending and descending pathways in the spinal cord. In: The rat nervous system, 3rd ed. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press. George Paxinos. pp. 149-166.
39. Vahlsing HL, Feringa ER. 1980. A ventral uncrossed corticospinal tract in the rat. Exp Neurol 70:282-287.
40. Veenman CL, Reiner A, Honig MG. 1992. Biotinylated dextran amine as an anterograde tracer for single- and double-labeling studies. J Neurosci Methods 41:239-254.
41. Vidal PP and Alain S. 2004. Vestibular system. In: The rat nervous system, 3rd ed. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Associated Press. Grorge Paxinos. pp. 965-987.
42. Watson C, Harvey AR. 2009a. Projections from the brain to the spinal cord. In: The spinal cord, 1st ed. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Associated Press. Charles Watson, George Paxinos, Gulgan Kayalioglu. pp. 168-179.
43. Watson C, Paxinos G, Kayalioglu G, Heise C. 2009b. Atlas of the rat spinal cord. In: The spinal cord, 1st ed. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Associated Press. Charles Watson, George Paxinos, Gulgan Kayalioglu. pp. 238-308.
44. Whishaw IQ, Gorny B, Sarna J. 1998. Paw and limb use in skilled and spontaneous reaching after pyramidal tract, red nucleus and combined lesions in the rat: Behavioral and anatomical dissociations. Behav Brain Res 93:167-183.
45. Yu P, Huang L, Zou J, Yu Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Xu L, Liu X, Xu XM, Lu PH. 2008. Immunization with recombinant Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) promotes axonal regeneration and recovery of function after spinal cord injury in rats. Neurobiol Dis 32:535-542.