The progress of hindi, part 2: Hindi and the nation

Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 958-1022

  Trivedi, Harish ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELHI   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84887760329     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (118)

1. Ahmad, Aijaz. 1992. In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures. London: Verso. Ajñeya: see Vatsyayan, Saccidanand Hiranand.
2. Allen, Richard, and Harish Trivedi, eds. 2000. Literature and Nation: Britain and India, 1800-1990. London: Routledge.
3. Anderson, Benedict R. 1983. Imagined Communities : Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
4. Bachchan, Harivansh Rai. 1998. In the Afternoon of Time: An Autobiography. Edited and translated by Rupert Snell. New Delhi: Viking.
5. Bakhtin, M. M. 1981. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Translated by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin: University of Texas Press.
6. Bassnett, Susan, and André Lefevere, eds. 1990. Translation, History and Culture. London: Pinter Publishers.
7. Bhabha, Homi K. 1994. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
8. Bhatt, Visvambharnath. 1957. Ratnakar: Unki Pratibha aur Kala. New Delhi: Pustak Sadan.
9. Brass, Paul R. 1974. Language, Religion and Politics in North India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10. Brass, Paul R. 1974. Language, Religion and Politics in North India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11. Chand, Tara. 1971. "BhaSa ka Saval." In Hindi Bha3a aur Nagari Lipi: Hindustani Patrika Nibandh Sañgrah, edited by Lak3mikant Varma. Allahabad: Hindustani Academy.
12. Caturvedi, Ramsvarup. [1986] 1994. Hindi Sahitya aur Samvedana ka Vikas. 4th ed. Allahabad: Lokbharati Prakashan.
13. Chandra, Sudhir. 1992. The Oppressive Present: Literature and Social Consciousness in Colonial India. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
14. Chaturvedi, Mahendra, and B. N. Tiwari. [1974] 1979. A Practical Hindi-English Dictionary. 5th ed. New Delhi: National Publishing House.
15. Copra, Sudarsan, ed. 1988. Amir Khusro. Delhi: Hind Pocket Books.
16. Dalmia, Vasudha. 1997. The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions: Bharatendu Hari4chandra and Nineteenth-century Banaras. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
17. Dalmia, Vasudha. 1997. The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions: Bharatendu Hari4chandra and Nineteenth-century Banaras. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
18. Das, Sisir Kumar. 1991. A History of Indian Literature. Vol. 8, 1800-1910, Western Impact, Indian Response. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
19. Das, Śrinivas. [1882] 1974. Pariksaguru. Edited by Ramadars Misra. Delhi: Rishabh Charan Jain evam Santati.
20. Das, Śyamsundar. 1941. Meri Atmakahani. Allahabad: Indian Press.
21. Dasgupta, Subha Chakraborty. 1997. "Issues in Reception: A Case Study of the Early Bengali Novel." Special issue titled "Comparative Literature in India." New Comparison 23: 54-65.
22. Dutt, Gauri. [1870] 1986. Devrani Jethani ki Kahani. New Delhi: Rishabh Charan Jain and Santati.
23. Dvivedi, Mahavir Prasad. 1961. "Atmanivedan." In Sarasvati Hirak Jayanti Añk 1900- 1959, edited by $rinarayan Caturvedi. Allahabad: Indian Press.
24. Dvivedi, Mahavir Prasad. 1996. Mahavir Prasad Dvivedi: Pratinidhi Sañkalan. Edited by Rambak4a. New Delhi. National Book Trust.
25. Fielding, Henry. [1742] 1979. Joseph Andrews. Edited by R. F. Brissenden. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
26. Gandhi, M. K. 1965. Our Language Problem. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
27. Ghosh, Amitav. 1988. The Shadow Lines. Delhi: Ravi Dayal Publisher.
28. Gopal, Madan. 1990. Balmukund Gupt. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
29. Goyañka, Kamal Kisor, ed. 1990. Premacand ki Hindi-Urdu Kahaniy:. New Delhi: Bharatiya Jnanpith.
30. Guleri Candradhar Śarma. [1903] 1995. "Hindi Bha3a ke Upanyas Lekhakõ ke Nam," and "Ki4ori Lal Gosvami ke Upanyas." In Candradhar $arma "Guleri": Pratinidhi Sañkalan, edited by Vi4vanath Tripathi. New Delhi: National Book Trust.
31. Gupt, Bal Mukund. 1988. $iva $ambhu ke Citthe. New Delhi: Rajkamal Paperbacks.
32. Gupt, Maithili Śaran. 1961. [Untitled tribute to Mahavir Prasad Dvivedi]. In Sarasvati Hirak Jayanti Añk 1900-1959, edited by $rinarayan Caturvedi. Allahabad: Indian Press.
33. Gupta, S. L. 1978. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya: A Socio-Political Study. Allahabad: Chugh Publications.
34. Hariscandra, Bharatendu. 1988. Bharatendu Samagra. Edited by Hemant $arma. Varanasi: Hindi Pracharak Sansthan.
35. Zaidi, Ali Jawad. 1993. A History of Urdu Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
36. Zaidi, Ali Jawad. 1993. A History of Urdu Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
37. Akbar Haidari Kashmiri. 1995. Editor's introduction to Takirah-e rewhtah goiyañ, by Ali ul-Husaini Gardezi, pp. 9-27. Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy.
38. "Azad," Muhammad Husain, ed. [1863] 1933. Divan-e auq. Delhi: Ilmi Printing Works.
39. "Azad," Muhammad Husain, ed. [1863] 1933. Divan-e auq. Delhi: Ilmi Printing Works.
40. Cisti, Unvan, and Naimud-Din Rizvi, eds. 1990. "Abr" ahsani aur i3lah-e suwhan. New Delhi: Urdu Samaj.
41. Cisti, Unvan, and Naimud-Din Rizvi, eds. 1990. "Abr" ahsani aur i3lah-e suwhan. New Delhi: Urdu Samaj.
42. "Farman" Fathpuri. 1972. Urdu shuara ke takire aur takirah nigari. Lahore: Majlis Taraqqi-e Adab.
43. "Farman" Fathpuri. 1972. Urdu shuara ke takire aur takirah nigari. Lahore: Majlis Taraqqi-e Adab.
44. "Farman" Fathpuri. 1972. Urdu shuara ke takire aur takirah nigari. Lahore: Majlis Taraqqi-e Adab.
45. Faruqi, Shams ur-Rahman, ed. 1993. Andaz-e guftagu kya hai. Delhi: Maktabah Jamiah.
46. Faruqi, Shams ur-Rahman, ed. 1997. "Iham, riayat, aur munasibat." Saughat (Bangalore) 11: 14-70.
47. Gardezi, Ali ul-Husaini. 1995. Takirah-e rewhtah goiyañ. Edited by Akbar Haidari Kashmiri. Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy.
48. "Ghalib," Mirza Asadullah xhan. 1969. xhu/u/-e ghalib. Edited by Ghulam Rasul Mihr. 2 vols. Lahore: Punjab University.
49. "Ghalib," Mirza Asadullah xhan. [1958] 1982. Divan-e ghalib. Edited by Imtiyaz Ali xhan Arshi. New Delhi: Anjuman Taraqqi-e Urdu.
50. "Hali," Altaf Husain. [1893] 1969. Muqaddamah-e shi r o shairi. Edited by Rashid Hasan xhan. New Delhi: Maktabah Jamiah.
51. "Hatim," Shaiwh ]ahur ud-Din Shah. [1755-1756] 1975. Divan zadah. Edited by Ghulam Husain \ulfiqar. Lahore: Maktabah xhayaban-e Adab.
52. Ishrat, Khvajah Muhammad Abd ur-Rauf. [1918] 1928. Ab-e baqa. Edited by Mirza Jafar Ali. Lucknow: Maktabah Qu/b ud-Din Ahmad Press.
53. "Jauhar" Deobandi, Budh Prakash Gupta. 1985. Naghmah-e naqus, takirah-e shu ara-e hanud, 1901-1925. Lucknow: Fawhr ud-Din Ali Ahmad Memorial Committee.
54. Khvajah, Mushfiq. 1972. "Muqaddamah." Editor's introduction to xhush marikah-e zeba, by Saadat xhan Na3ir. Vol. 1. Lahore: Majlis Taraqqi-e Adab.
55. "Mir," Muhammad Taqi. [1935] 1979. Nikat ush-shuara. Edited by Abd ul-Haq. Karachi: Anjuman Taraqqi-e Urdu.
56. "Mir," Muhammad Taqi. 1983. Kulliyat-e mir jild-e avval. Edited by ]ill-e Abbas Abbasi. New Delhi: Taraqqi-e Urdu Bureau.
57. Naim Ahmad. 1979. Shahr ashob ka tahqiqi mu/ali ah. Aligarh: Adabi Academy.
58. "Na3ir," Saadat xhan. 1972. xhush marikah-e zeba. Edited by Mushfiq xhvajah. 2 vols. Lahore: Majlis Taraqqi-e Adab.
59. "Sabir," Mirza Qadir Bawhsh. [1854-1855] 1966. Gulistan-e suwhan. Edited by xhalil ur-Rahman Daudi. Lahore: Majlis Taraqqi-e Adab.
60. "Sabir," Mirza Qadir Bawhsh. [1854-1855] 1966. Gulistan-e suwhan. Edited by xhalil ur-Rahman Daudi. Lahore: Majlis Taraqqi-e Adab.
61. "Sarvar" Taunsvi. 1991. Dilli ke musha ire. Delhi: Urdu Academy.
62. Shamim Ahmad. 1981. A3naf-e suwhan aur shi ri haiyateñ. Bhopal: India Book Emporium.
63. Shamim Inhonvi. 1971. "Dibachah." Editor's introduction to Takirah whush ma rikahe zeba, by Saadat xhan Na3ir. Lucknow: Nasim Book Depot.
64. Shamim Inhonvi. 1971. "Dibachah." Editor's introduction to Takirah whush ma rikahe zeba, by Saadat xhan Na3ir. Lucknow: Nasim Book Depot.
65. "Shauq" Sandilvi, Muhammad Abd ul-Ala. [1926] 1986. I3lah-e suwhan: Mashahir shuara-e a3r ki i3lahoñ ka ainah. Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Urdu Academy.
66. Vadud, Qati Abdul. [1942-1943] 1984. Muhammad husain azad bahaiùiyat-e muhaqqiq. Patna: Idarah-e Tahqiqat-e Urdu.
67. Vali Dakani. 1965. Divan-e vali. Edited by Mahmud xhan Ashraf and Hasrat Mohani. Lahore: Maktabah-e Meri Library.
68. Zaidi, Ali Javad. 1992. Tariwh-e musha irah. Bombay: Author.
69. Haynes, Richard D. 1974. "Svami Haridas and the Haridasi Sampraday." Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania.
70. Hein, Norvin. 1972. The Miracle Plays of Mathura. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
71. Hira Lal. 1925. "Damoh Hindi Inscription of Mahmud Shah II of Malwa: (Vikrama-) Samvat 1570." Epigraphia Indica 15, 1919-1920, edited by F.W. Thomas. Calcutta: Government of India Central Publication Branch.
72. Lath, Mukund, trans. 1980. Half a Tale: The Ardhakathanak of Banarasidas. With original Hindi text. Jaipur: Rajasthan Prakrit Bharati Sansthan.
73. Luard, C. E. 1907. Eastern States (Bundelkhand) Gazetteer. Vol. 6-A. Lucknow: Central India State Gazetteer Series.
74. Mallison, Françoise. 1994. "Early K,3na Bhakti in Gujarat." In Studies in South Asian Devotional Literature, edited by Alan W. Entwistle and Françoise Mallison. École Française d'Extrême-Orient. New Delhi: Manohar.
75. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. 1968. The Language of Indrajit of Orcha. Oriental Series, no. 13. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
76. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. 1971. "Some Manuscripts Containing Nanddas's Version of the Prabodhacandrodaya Drama." Journal of the American Oriental Society 91, 4: 487-93.
77. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. trans. 1973. The Round Dance of Krishna, and Uddhav's Message. London: Luzac.
78. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. 1974. Hindi Literature of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Vol. 8, pt. 2 of A History of Indian Literature, edited by Jan Gonda. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
79. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. 1983. "The Dhyan-mañjari of Agradas." In Bhakti in Current Research, 1979- 1982, edited by Monika Thiel-Horstmann. Collectanea Instituti Anthropos, no. 30. Berlin: Reimer Verlag.
80. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. 1984. Hindi Literature from Its Beginnings to the Nineteenth Century. Vol. 8, pt. 6 of A History of Indian Literature, edited by Jan Gonda. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
81. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. 1986. "A Brajbha3a Adaptation of the Prabodhacandrodaya Drama by Nanddas of the Sect of Vallabha." In Perspectives in Indian Religion, edited by P. Connolly. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications.
82. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. 1991. "The Ramayan-katha of Vi3nudas." In Devotion Divine: Bhakti Traditions from the Regions of India. Studies in Honour of Charlotte Vaudeville, edited by Diana L. Eck and F. Mallison. Groningen: Egbert Forsten; Paris, EFEO.
83. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. 1992. "Nanddas's Treatment of the Story of Rukmini." In The Indian Narrative: Perspectives and Patterns, edited by Christopher Shackle and Rupert Snell. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
84. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. 1994. "An Early Nineteenth-Century Collection of Hindi Devotional Poems." In Studies in South Asian Devotional Literature, edited by Alan W. Entwistle and Françoise Mallison. École Française d'Extrême-Orient. New Delhi: Manohar.
85. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. 1994. "An Early Nineteenth-Century Collection of Hindi Devotional Poems." In Studies in South Asian Devotional Literature, edited by Alan W. Entwistle and Françoise Mallison. École Française d'Extrême-Orient. New Delhi: Manohar.
86. McGregor, Ronald Stuart. 2001. The Formation of Modern Hindi as Demonstrated in Early "Hindi" Dictionaries. Eighth Gonda Lecture. Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
87. Misra, B. D. 1993. Forts and Fortresses of Gwalior. Delhi: Manohar.
88. Pandey, Syam Manohar. 1978. "Maulana Daud and His Contributions to the Hindi Sufi Literature." Annali, Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli 38, 1: 75-112.
89. Pandey, Syam Manohar. 1979. The Hindi Oral Epic Loriki. Allahabad: Sahitya Bhawan.
90. Pandey, Syam Manohar. 1979. The Hindi Oral Epic Loriki. Allahabad: Sahitya Bhawan.
91. Pandey, Syam Manohar. 1979. The Hindi Oral Epic Loriki. Allahabad: Sahitya Bhawan.
92. Schimmel, Annemarie. 1975. Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginnings to Iqbal. Vol. 8, pt. 3 of A History of Indian Literature, edited by Jan Gonda. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
93. Schokker, G A. 1983. "Ke4avadasa's Method of Basing Braj Kr3na Lyrics on the Sanskrit Tradition of Literary Aesthetics." In Bhakti in Current Research, 1979-1982, edited by Monika Thiel-Horstmann. Collectanea Instituti Anthropos, no. 30. Berlin: Reimer Verlag.
94. Schokker, G A. 1983. "Ke4avadasa's Method of Basing Braj Kr3na Lyrics on the Sanskrit Tradition of Literary Aesthetics." In Bhakti in Current Research, 1979-1982, edited by Monika Thiel-Horstmann. Collectanea Instituti Anthropos, no. 30. Berlin: Reimer Verlag.
95. Smith, John D. 1976. The "Visaadevarasa": A Restoration of the Text. Oriental Series no. 26. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
96. Vaudeville, Charlotte. 1955. Étude sur les sources et la composition du Ramayana de Tulsidas. Librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve.
97. Vaudeville, Charlotte. 1974. Kabir. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
98. Vaudeville, Charlotte. 1980. "The Govardhan Myth in Northern India." Indo-Iranian Journal 22, 1: 1-45.
99. Vogel, J. Ph. 1936. "Joan Joshua Ketelaar of Elbing, Author of the First Hindustani Grammar." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 8: 817-22.
100. Vogel, J. Ph. . 1937. Journal van J. J. Ketelaar's Hofreis naar den Groot Mogol te Lahore, 1711-13. 'sGravenhage: Linschoten Vereeniging.
101. Vogel, J. Ph. . 1937. Journal van J. J. Ketelaar's Hofreis naar den Groot Mogol te Lahore, 1711-13. 'sGravenhage: Linschoten Vereeniging.
102. Gupta, Dindayalu. 1947. A3tchap aur vallabh sampraday. 2 vols. Prayag: Hindi Sahitya Sammelan.
103. Gupta, Kisorilal, ed. 1970. $ivsimh saroj. Prayag: Hindi Sahitya Sammelan.
104. Gupta, Kisorilal, ed. 1970. $ivsimh saroj. Prayag: Hindi Sahitya Sammelan.
105. Tharu, Susie, and K. Lalita. 1993. Women Writing in India. Vol. 1, 600 b.c. to the Early Twentieth Century. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
106. Trivedi, Harish. 1984. "The Urdu Premchand, the Hindi Premchand." Jadavpur Journal of Comparative Literature 22: 104-11.
107. Trivedi, Harish. 1993. "Muslim Contribution to Indian Literature: Hindi Literature." In Muslims in India, edited by Ratna Sahai. New Delhi: Folio.
108. Trivedi, Harish. [1993] 1995. Colonial Transactions: English Literature and India. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
109. Trivedi, Harish. [1993] 1995. Colonial Transactions: English Literature and India. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
110. Trivedi, Harish, and Meenakshi Mukherjee, eds. 1996. Interrogating Post-Colonialism: Theory, Text and Context. Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study.
111. Varma, Dhirendra, chief ed. 1986. Hindi Sahitya Ko3. Vol. 2. Varanasi: Gyanmandal.
112. Varma, Laksmikant, ed. 1971. Hindi Bha3a aur Nagari Lipi. Allahabad: Hindustani Academy.
113. Varma, Laksmikant, ed. 1971. Hindi Bha3a aur Nagari Lipi. Allahabad: Hindustani Academy.
114. Varma, Laksmikant, ed. 1971. Hindi Bha3a aur Nagari Lipi. Allahabad: Hindustani Academy.
115. Viswanatha, Vanamala, and Sherry Simon. 1999. "Shifting Grounds of Exchange: B. M. Srikantiah and Kannada Translation." In Post-colonial Translation: Theory and Practice, edited by Susan Bassnett and Harish Trivedi. London: Routledge.
116. Watt, Ian. 1957. The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson, and Fielding. Berkeley: University of California Press.
117. Weissbort, Daniel, and Girdhar Rathi, eds. 1994. Survival: An Experience and Experiment in Translating Modern Hindi Poetry. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
118. Yadav, Rajendra. 1981. Atharah Upanyas. Delhi: Akshar Prakashan.