The gold and the blue: A personal memoir of the University of California, 1949-1967

The Gold and the Blue: A Personal Memoir of the University of California, 1949-1967

Volumn 2, Issue , 2003, Pages

  Kerr, Clark ^a  

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References (241)

1. See Robert Nisbet, Teachers and Scholars: A Memoir of Berkeley in Depression and War (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1992).
2. Abraham Flexner, Daniel Coit Gilman: Creator of the American Type of University (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1946 [1910]), 49.
3. Harry R. Wellman, "Teaching, Research, and Administration, University of California 1925-1968" (Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley [hereafter Oral History, UCB], 4).
4. Nisbet, Teachers and Scholars; and Clark Kerr, The Uses of the University, 5th ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001).
5. Clark Kerr, "Shock Wave II: An Introduction to the Twenty-First Century," in The Future of the City of Intellect, ed. Steven Brint (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002).
6. See, for example, Alice Kimball Smith and Charles Weiner, eds., Robert Oppenheimer: Letters and Recollections (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1980).
7. Clark Kerr, John T. Dunlop, Frederick Harbison, and Charles A. Myers, Industrialism and Industrial Man: The Problems of Labor and Management in Economic Growth (New York: Oxford University Press, 1964), 3.
8. David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1990), 13-14.
9. Reproduced in Massimo Teodori, ed., The New Left: A Documentary History (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969).
10. Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962), holding that federal courts can decide apportionment questions under the Fourteenth Amendment; Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964), establishing "one-person, one vote" rule.
11. Robert Nisbet, Teachers and Scholars: A Memoir of Berkeley in Depression and War (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1992).
12. Neil J. Smelser, "Berkeley in Crisis and Change," in Academic Transformation: Seventeen Institutions under Pressure, ed. David Riesman and Verne A. Stadtman (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973), 54-55. An excellent analysis.
13. Kerr, Uses of the University.
14. Lionel S. Lewis, Cold War on Campus (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1988).
15. For the definitive history of this episode, see David P. Gardner, The California Oath Controversy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967). I draw heavily from it in what follows, and parenthetical page citations in chapter 2 text are to this work.
16. George R. Stewart, The Year of the Oath (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1950), 9. See also the account by Gordon Griffiths, "The Loyalty Oath at Berkeley," manuscript.
17. Edward L. Barrett Jr., The Tenney Committee: Legislative Investigation of Subversive Activities in California (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1951), 306.
18. Stephen C. Pepper, "Art and Philosophy at the University of California" (Oral History, UCB, 1963), 284-86.
19. Neil H. Jacoby, "The Graduate School of Management at UCLA: 1948-1958" (Department of Special Collections, Oral History Program, University Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles [hereafter Oral History, UCLA], 1974), 88-89.
20. See Paul F. Lazersfeld and Wagner Thielens Jr., , The Academic Mind: Social Scientists in a Time of Crisis (Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1958).
21. Lazersfeld and Thielens, Academic Mind, 168, 177.
22. Walter Gellhorn, ed., The States and Subversion (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1952).
23. Hugh M. Burns, "Legislative and Political Concerns of the Senate Pro Tem, 1957-70," interviewed by James H. Rowland in 1977, 1978 (California Legislative Leaders [Berkeley: Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, 1981], 2:56-57).
24. For this and future references to IGS material, see Documentary Supplements to The Gold and the Blue, ed. Clark Kerr (Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies, 2003).
25. Daily Californian, October 3, 1952.
26. Minutes of a meeting of the UC regents (executive session), Riverside campus, February 16, 1962, item 12 (used with permission).
27. California Legislature, Thirteenth Report of the Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities, Senator Hugh M. Burns, chair (Sacramento: Senate of the State of California, 1965). Parenthetical page citations in chapter 3 text are to this report.
28. The local YPSL chapter wrote Senator Burns an indignant letter dated June 22, 1965.
29. University of California Office of the President, "Analysis of the Thirteenth Report of the State Senate Factfinding Subcomittee on Un-American Activities, 1965" (October 1965), 6.
30. "Counterblast at UC Slanderers," editorial, San Francisco Chronicle, October 5, 1965, 40.
31. California Legislature, Fifteenth Report of the Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities, Senator Hugh M. Burns, chair (Sacramento: Senate of the State of California, 1970), 9.
32. See the discussion in James H. Rowland, "Un-American Activities at the University of California: The Burns Committee and Clark Kerr, 1952-1967" (master's thesis, San Francisco State University, 1978), 108-10.
33. Richard H. Rovere, Senator Joe McCarthy (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1959), 178, 179.
34. Remarks by Clark Kerr, Pat Brown's Legacy to Higher Education, April 19, 1995 (Los Angeles: Edmund G. "Pat" Brown Institute of Public Affairs, California State University, Los Angeles, n.d.), 7 (see IGS Documentary Supplement 1.7).
35. Clark Kerr, John T. Dunlop, Frederick Harbison, and Charles A. Myers, Industrialism and Industrial Man: The Problems of Labor and Management in Economic Growth (New York: Oxford University Press, 1964 [1960]); and Clark Kerr, The Future of Industrial Societies-Convergence or Continuing Diversity? (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983).
36. Memo from C. D. DeLoach to Mr. Mohr, March 20, 1961, subject: Frank Byron Wilkinson (Federal Bureau of Investigation Freedom of Information/Privacy Acts section files, subject: University of California/Berkeley, file no. 100-151464, section 1).
37. Herbert F. York, Making Weapons, Talking Peace: A Physicist's Odyssey from Hiroshima to Geneva (New York: Basic Books, 1987), 208.
38. "On December 3, 1964, KERR's Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) security files . . . disclosed that he received AEC clearance on June 12, 1953, in the position of Chancellor, University of California, Berkeley, California, and that the clearance is active in the position of President, University of California" (FBI records released to Seth Rosenfeld under the Freedom of Information Act).
39. Seth Rosenfeld, "Reagan, Hoover, and the UC Red Scare," San Francisco Chronicle ( June 9, 2002).
40. Seth Rosenfeld v U.S. Department of Justice,WL 34821, No. 91-16538, Sec. 5, (9th Cir. [Cal.] June 12, 1995).
41. 761 F. Supp. 1449, C-85-1709 MHP; C85-2247 MHP; (N.D. Cal., consolidated, March 29, 1991).
42. Rosenfeld, "Reagan, Hoover, and the UC Red Scare," F1, F8.
43. For the best account of worldwide developments, see Seymour Martin Lipset and Philip G. Altbach, Students in Revolt (Boston: Houghton Mi>in, 1969).
44. Plato, The Republic, ch. 32 (book 8, sec. 563).
45. Aristotle, Rhetoric, trans. W. Rhys Roberts (New York: Random House-Modern Library, 1954), 123.
46. C. Wright Mills, "On the Left," Studies on the Left 2, no. 1 (4): 70.
47. Alexander Cockburn and Robin Blackburn, eds., Student Power/Problems, Diagnosis, Action (Baltimore, Md.: Penguin Books, 1969), 7.
48. S. N. Eisenstadt, From Generation to Generation (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1956), ch. 1.
49. Clark Kerr and Abraham J. Siegel, "The Interindustry Propensity to Strike-An International Comparison," in Labor and Management in Industrial Society, by Clark Kerr (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1964), 116.
50. Eisenstadt, Generation, 316.
51. V. I. Lenin, "Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder (1920; New York: International Publishers, 1934), esp. 46, 49, 52.
52. Hastings Rashdall, The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages, ed. F. M. Powicke and A. B. Emden (1895; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1936), 1:195-96.
53. For a discussion of the Scottish universities, see Eric Ashby and Mary Anderson, The Rise of the Student Estate in Britain (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970).
54. Samuel Eliot Morison, Three Centuries of Harvard (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1936), 10.
55. Virginius Dabney Mr., Jefferson's University: A History (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1981), 2, 9.
56. Richard J. Walter, Student Politics in Argentina: The University Reform and Its Effects, 1918-1964 (New York: Basic Books, 1968), 8.
57. H. W. Koch, The Hitler Youth: Origins and Development 1922-45 (New York: Stein and Day, 1976), 175.
58. Philip G. Altbach, "Student Movements and Associations," in The Encyclopedia of Higher Education, ed. Burton R. Clark and Guy Neave (Oxford: Pergamon, 1992), 3:1748.
59. Quoted in Eric J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes (New York: Vintage, 1996), 1.
60. Margaret Mead, Culture and Commitment (New York: Doubleday, 1970), 1-64.
61. Robert Heilbroner, Visions of the Future: The Distant Past, Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 69.
62. Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities (Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1978 [1859]), 35.
63. Lionel Trilling, Beyond Culture (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1965 [1955]), preface.
64. David A. Hollinger, Science, Jews, and Secular Culture: Studies in Mid-Twentieth-Century American Intellectual History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), ix (the Lippmann quote originally comes from "The University," New Republic, May 28, 1966, 17-20).
65. For what I consider to be the best discussion of student unrest in the United States, see Seymour Martin Lipset, Rebellion in the University (1972; New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1993).
66. For excellent accounts, see Lipset's 1972 work as well as Philip G. Altbach, Student Politics in America (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974); and Arthur Levine, When Dreams and Heroes Died: A Portrait of Today's College Student (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1980).
67. Daniel Bell, "Columbia and the New Left," Public Interest, no. 13 (fall 1968): 101.
68. Vannevar Bush, Science, the Endless Frontier: A Report to the President (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1945), 7.
69. Clark Kerr, The Uses of the University, 5th ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001), 37.
70. Dael L. Wolfle, The Home of Science: The Role of the University (New York: Mc-Graw-Hill, 1972).
71. Lipset, Rebellion in the University, 51 (tb. 6 in ch. 2).
72. For a good history of the origins of the New Left, see Stanley Rothman and S. Robert Lichter, Roots of Radicalism (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1996), ch. 1. See also Seymour Martin Lipset, "Student Opposition in the United States," Government and Opposition 1, no. 3 (April 1966).
73. For a discussion of this dispute in the peace movement, see Guenter Lewy, Peace and Revolution: The Moral Crisis of American Pacifism (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1988), esp. "Nonviolence, Liberation Struggle, and Civil Disobedience."
74. David Dellinger, "The Future of Nonviolence," in The New Left: A Documentary History, ed. Massimo Teodori (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969), 234.
75. Robert Pickus, "Political Integrity and Its Critics," Liberation 10, no. 4 (June-July 1965): 36, 37, 38.
76. Teodori, New Left, 37.
77. For a discussion of the decline of student politics after 1970 around the world, see Philip G. Altbach, ed., Student Politics: Perspectives for the Eighties (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1981), esp. the two chapters written by Altbach.
78. See the discussion in Richard Rorty, Achieving Our Country (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998), ch. 2.
79. For preliminary judgments from reformist and leftist points of view, see Rorty, Achieving Our Country, and Todd Gitlin, The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage (New York: Bantam Books, 1987).
80. Statement at the founding convention of Students for a Democratic Society held in Port Huron, Michigan, June 11-15, 1962; based on draft statement prepared by Tom Hayden.
81. For an account of this convention, see Kirkpatrick Sale, SDS (New York: Random House, 1973), ch. 24. See also Gitlin, The Sixties.
82. Sale, SDS, 238.
83. For a good discussion of student moods from the 1970s to the 1990s, see Levine, When Dreams and Heroes Died; and Arthur Levine and Jeanette S. Cureton, When Hope and Fear Collide: A Portrait of Today's College Student (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1998).
84. Herbert Marcuse, "The New Left," in The New Left: A Documentary History, ed. Massimo Teodori (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969), 471.
85. Kerr, Uses of the University, 78.
86. Max Heirich, The Spiral of Conflict: Berkeley 1964 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971), 56, 52. Subsequent parenthetical page citations in chapter 6 text are to this excellent and largely factual account of developments.
87. David W. Breneman, "The Ph.D. Production Process: A Study of Departmental Behavior" (Ph.D. diss., Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, 1970).
88. See Todd Gitlin, The Whole World Is Watching (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), for a discussion of how the media affected the rise and fall of the student movement, the directions in which it moved (toward coercion), and the selection of leaders (the most radical and flamboyant).
89. Herbert A. Jacobs, "To Count a Crowd," Columbia Journalism Review 6, no. 1 (spring 1967): 37-40.
90. See Bill Leonard, In the Storm of the Eye (New York: Putnam, 1987), 125. Leonard quotes William Paley, chair of CBS, as saying he believed "part of it may have been staged."
91. Robert Nisbet, Teachers and Scholars: A Memoir of Berkeley in Depression and War (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1992), 49.
92. Mildred Edie Brady, "The New Cult of Sex and Anarchy," Harper's 194, no. 1163 (April 1947): 312, 313, 316, 322 (I am indebted to Seymour Martin Lipset for calling my attention to this article).
93. Allen Ginsberg, Howl, and Other Poems (San Francisco: City Lights Bookshop, 1956).
94. David Horowitz, Radical Son: A Generational Odyssey (New York: Free Press, 1997), 113.
95. Larry Sloman, Steal This Dream (New York: Doubleday, 1998), 24.
96. Margot Adler, Heretic's Heart (Boston: Beacon Press, 1997), ch. 4.
97. Paul Seabury, "Student Freedom and the Republic of Scholars: Berlin and Berkeley," in Student Politics, ed. Seymour Martin Lipset (New York: Basic Books, 1967), 255.
98. Annual Report of the President of the University, 1914-1915 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1915), 139, quoted in Peter Van Houten, "The Development of the University of California's Policy Concerning the Use of Its Name and Facilities for Political Activity" (master's thesis, School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, 1962), ch. 4. I rely heavily on the Van Houten manuscript in what follows.
99. For a description of the situation at Berkeley and UCLA, see Robert Paul Cohen, "Revolt of the Depression Generation: America's First Mass Student Protest Movement, 1929-1940" (Ph.D. diss., Department of History, University of California, Berkeley, 1987).
100. See also Max Heirich and Sam Kaplan, "Yesterday's Discord," California Monthly, February 1965, 20-33.
101. Verne A. Stadtman, The University of California 1868-1968 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970), 297.5.
102. Cohen, "Depression Generation," 308 n. 65.
103. "Use of University Facilities: University Regulation no. 17 (revised June 1, 1949)," University of California Faculty Bulletin 19, no. 3 (September 1949): 22-23.
104. C. Michael Otten, University Authority and the Student: The Berkeley Experience (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970), 132 (emphasis in original).
105. University of California Office of the President, "Privileges of Student Organizations" (July 24, 1961).
106. See IGS Documentary Supplement 4.3 for the revised (August 16, 1961) policy, "Use of University Facilities."
107. Glenn T. Seaborg with Ray Colvig, Chancellor at Berkeley (Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies, 1994), 175-78.
108. Chancellor Seaborg's files, notes on meetings of chancellor's cabinet, May 31 and September 21, 1960 (files subsequently deposited in Library of Congress).
109. University of California Office of Public Information, press release, March 22, 1961.
110. "Echoes of Last May," California Monthly, April 1961, 40 (quoted in Stadtman, University of California, 437).
111. Remarks by President Clark Kerr, ninety-third Charter Day ceremonies, University of California, Berkeley, March 20, 1961. For text of the entire speech, see IGS Documentary Supplement 3.1.
112. "The Seventh Alexander Meiklejohn Award," AAUP Bulletin (summer 1964): 185-86.
113. Frances Linsley, What Is This Place? An Informal History of 100 Years of Stiles Hall (Berkeley: Stiles Hall, 1984), 136.
114. In 1985 the then general counsel wrote, "One feels like a medieval historian when looking back to legal doctrine of only twenty-five years ago, to a time when the University was a citadel where administrators governed students virtually unfettered by legal constraints" (Donald L. Reidhaar, "The Assault on the Citadel: Reflections on a Quarter Century of Change in the Relationships between the Student and the University," Journal of College and University Law 12, no. 3 [1985]: 345).
115. Transcript of notes taken at the meeting of the regents' Committee on Educational Policy (executive session), September 24, 1964 (used with permission).
116. "University of California Policies Relating to Students and Student Organizations," September 1961.
117. Memo from Thomas J. Cunningham, general counsel and vice president, to President Kerr, "Re: Study of University Rules Concerning Student Political Activity on Campus," November 10, 1964 (files of the general counsel, University of California).
118. In the same memo, Cunningham also referred to a "very recent Washington state loyalty oath case"decided by the U.S. Supreme Court, which apparently influenced his views about what the courts would consider "reasonable restrictions" upon First Amendment rights.
119. Memo from David C. Fulton to President Kerr, November 16, 1964 (Clark Kerr files).
120. United States v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968). The court said that burning one's draft card was a form of speech. Nevertheless, it went on to say that the government had adequate reasons to punish O'Brien-the right to expressive speech was not absolute.
121. Max Ways, "On the Campus: A Troubled Reflection of the U.S.," Fortune 72, no. 3 (September 1965): 204.
122. "I think that the general understanding at that time was that the University had roughly the same control over actions on its property that a private person would have on his property" (letter to Clark Kerr from Edward L. Barrett, Jr., dated July 3, 1999).
123. See John Nowak, Ronald Rotunda, Nelson Young, Constitutional Law, 5th ed. (St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing, 1983), 985ff.
124. See also Robert Post, "Recuperating First Amendment Doctrine," Stanford Law Review 47, no. 6 ( July 1995): 1249-81.
125. Joseph Tussman, "Remembering Alexander Meiklejohn," in The Beleaguered College (Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies, 1997), 154-55.
126. In October 2000, however, in a case involving the University of Texas at Austin, federal courts held that "university land was indistinguishable from nearby public prop-erty, and that Mr. Brister had a right to leaflet on it." The U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the case (Chronicle of Higher Education 47, no. 12 [November 2000]: A31).1. Alexander Meiklejohn's statement to the San Francisco board of the American Civil Liberties Union, February 11, 1960 (mimeographed statement in Clark Kerr files).
127. Daily Californian, December 12, 1961, 3.
128. Glenn T. Seaborg with Ray Colvig, Chancellor at Berkeley (Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies, 1994), 439.
129. See Hal Draper, "The Mind of Clark Kerr," in Berkeley: The New Student Revolt (New York: Grove Press, 1965), 207, 212.
130. Clark Kerr, The Uses of the University, 5th ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001), ch. 1.
131. Clark Kerr, John T. Dunlop, Frederick Harbison, and Charles A. Myers, Industrialism and Industrial Man: The Problems of Labor and Management in Economic Growth (New York: Oxford University Press, 1964 [1960]).
132. John H. Goldthorpe, "The End of Convergence: Corporatist and Dualist Tendencies in Modern Western Societies," in Order and Conflict in Contemporary Capitalism, ed. John H. Goldthorpe (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), 315.
133. Edward L. Barrett Jr., The Tenney Committee: Legislative Investigation of Subversive Activities in California (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1951).
134. Seaborg, Chancellor at Berkeley, 443.
135. For a more detailed scholarly account, see Max Heirich, The Spiral of Conflict: Berkeley 1964 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971).
136. For a chronological account, see Max Heirich and Sam Kaplan, "Yesterday's Discord," California Monthly, February 1965.
137. For an insider's detailed account, see David Lance Goines, The Free Speech Movement: Coming of Age in the 1960s (Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 1993).
138. For a good historical outline of this conflict, see C. Michael Otten, University Authority and the Student: The Berkeley Experience (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970).
139. For a discussion of the situation at Santa Barbara, see David Gardner, "A Life in Higher Education: Fifteenth President of the University of California, 1983-1992" (Oral History, UCB, 1997); and at San Diego, see William McGill, The Year of the Monkey: Revolt on Campus, 1968-69 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982). An excellent history of Berkeley during that period is Max Heirich, The Beginning: Berkeley, 1964 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971).
140. Lincoln Constance, "Versatile Berkeley Botanist: Plant Taxonomy and University Governance" (Oral History, UCB, 1987), 258.
141. Minutes of the Academic Senate, Berkeley division, November 24, 1964, v.
142. Clark Kerr and Marian Gade's interview with Glenn T. Seaborg, Berkeley, California, October 9, 1997.
143. Katherine A. Towle, "Administration and Leadership" (Oral History, UCB, 1970), 276.
144. Letter from Alex C. Sherriffs to Clark Kerr, September 15, 1964 (Edward W. Strong Papers, University Archives, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley [hereafter UC Archives]).
145. Adrian A. Kragen, "A Law Professor's Career: Teaching, Private Practice, and Legislative Representative, 1934 to 1989" (Oral History, UCB, 1991), 170-72.
146. Edward W. Strong, "Philosopher, Professor, and Berkeley Chancellor, 1961-1965" (Oral History, UCB, 1992), 297.
147. George A. Pettit, Twenty-Eight Years in the Life of a University President (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966), 114.
148. Letter from John P. Sparrow to Clark Kerr, August 21, 2001.
149. Heirich, Spiral of Conflict, 266.
150. The size of the area has been designated differently from time to time; I am using 26 by 40 feet throughout for consistency.
151. Towle, "Administration and Leadership," 242a. For this and other documents relating to these events, see IGS Documentary Supplement 3.
152. Edward W. Strong Papers, UC Archives (hereafter Strong papers).
153. For use of the word "instructed," see a statement by Katherine Towle released by her office on October 9, 1964 (Strong papers, 1:3).
154. See also the story in the New York Times, March 14, 1965, where Dean Towle is quoted as saying that "her objections were overruled and that Vice-Chancellor Sherriffs directed her to drum up the order."
155. Strong papers, vol. 1.
156. Constance, "Versatile Berkeley Botanist," 257.
157. Heirich, The Beginning, 57.
158. Jackie Goldberg, FSM panel, University of California, Berkeley, September 26, 1998, audiotape.
159. One source who otherwise seemed to accept so many allegations, suspicions, and alleged motivations attributed to me says "no evidence supports this allegation" (W. J. Rorabaugh, Berkeley at War [New York: Oxford University Press, 1989] 18).
160. Strong papers, vol. 1, is the source for records of my meeting with Strong.
161. Arleigh Williams, "Dean of Students Arleigh Williams: The Free Speech Movement and the Six Years War, 1964-1970" (Oral History, UCB, 1990), 91-93, 95.
162. Katherine Towle, quoted in Max Heirich, The Spiral of Conflict: Berkeley 1964 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971), 96, 97. Subsequent parenthetical page citations in chapter 11 text are to this work.
163. Shana Alexander, "You Don't Shoot Mice with Elephant Guns," Life, January 15, 1965, 27.
164. Strong papers, vol. 1.
165. Faculty members in the group (by department) were William A. Kornhauser, William Petersen, Neil J. Smelser, David Matza, and Nathan Glazer, sociology; Paul Seabury, Robert A. Scalapino, and Ernst B. Haas, political science; Roy Radner and Henry Rosovsky, economics; Carl E. Schorske, history; and Joseph Tussman, philosophy (Lincoln Constance, memo to records, October 2, 1964, afternoon [Strong papers, vol. 1]).
166. Robben W. Fleming, Tempests into Rainbows: Managing Turbulence (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996), ch. 14; the Committee of Fifteen, created by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University, "Interim Report on the Causes of the Recent Crisis," Reports, June 9, 1969.
167. Williams, "Dean of Students," 96.
168. Appointed as the Committee on Student Suspensions; report was issued under identification as the Ad Hoc Committee on Student Conduct.
169. Other members and their departments were Earl Cheit, business administration; Theodore Vermeulen, chemistry; Joseph Garbarino, business administration; and Henry Rosovsky, economics. A very respected group of faculty leaders.
170. "Chronology of Events: Three Months of Crisis," California Monthly, February 1965, 54.
171. See Ernest van der Haag, Political Violence and Civil Disobedience (New York: Harper and Row, 1972), passim.
172. Minutes of UC regents' meeting, November 20, 1964, 12.
173. Williams, "Dean of Students," 114-15, 125-26.
174. Letter from Katherine Towle to Edward Strong, December 5, 1964 (Towle, "Administration and Leadership," 291).
175. "In the early morning of December 3-and on the request of University Chancellor Edward W. Strong-I ordered 600 officers of the Highway Patrol onto the campus to assist local police in ending the sit-in at Sproul Hall" (Edmund G. [Pat] Brown, Reagan and Reality: The Two Californias [New York: Praeger, 1970], 141).
176. Strong, "Philosopher, Professor," 365.
177. Alex C. Sherriffs, "The University of California and the Free Speech Movement: Perspectives from a Faculty Member and Administrator," an interview conducted by James H. Rowland in 1978 ("Education Issues and Planning, 1953-1966" [Oral History, UCB, 1980], 37).
178. Goines, Free Speech Movement, 367-68;
179. Rorabaugh, Berkeley at War, 32; telephone interview of Meese by Marian Gade, May 2001.
180. Strong, "Philosopher, Professor," 375.
181. Angus E. Taylor, Speaking Freely: A Scholar's Memoir of Experience in the University of California, 1938-1967 (Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies, 2000), 169.
182. See Heirich, Spiral of Conflict, 300.
183. Minutes of the Academic Senate, Berkeley division, December 8 and 10, 1964, i-ii.
184. Nathan Glazer, "What Happened at Berkeley," Commentary 39, no. 2 (February 1965): 39-52;
185. Philip Selznick and Nathan Glazer, "Berkeley," Commentary 39, no. 3 (March 1965): 80-85. Both essays were reprinted in Seymour Martin Lipset and Sheldon S. Wolin, eds., The Berkeley Student Revolt: Facts and Interpretations (New York: Anchor Books, 1965), 285-315.
186. Simon Schama, Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (New York: Knopf, 1989), 407.
187. Edward Shils, "Chronicle," Minerva 7, no. 4 (summer 1969): 834, 839.
188. The Committee of Fifteen, created by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University, "Interim Report on the Causes of the Recent Crisis," Reports, June 9, 1969, 3.
189. Crisis at Columbia, Report of the Fact-Finding Commission Appointed to Investigate the Disturbances at Columbia University in April and May 1968 (New York: Random House, 1968), 196-97.
190. "Fall of 1964 at Berkeley: Confrontation Yields to Conciliation," in The Free Speech Movement: Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s, ed. Robert Cohen and Reginald E. Zelnik (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002).
191. See Neil Smelser, "Berkeley in Crisis and Change," in Academic Transformation: Seventeen Institutions under Pressure, ed. David Riesman and Verne A. Stadtman (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973); in particular, Smelser discusses the problems of restoring order on the Berkeley campus after the fall of 1964, and the short-run consequences of that period of crisis-overall, an excellent presentation.
192. "Memo (December 16): Student Demonstrations at Berkeley," Chancellor Edward W. Strong's statement of December 16, 1964, prepared for meeting of the Board of Regents, December 18, 1964 (Strong papers, vol. 2); see IGS Documentary Supplement 6.4.
193. Minutes of a regents' meeting, Los Angeles campus, December 18, 1964. Any parenthetical page citations in chapter 12 text are to this meeting's minutes.
194. Angus E. Taylor, Speaking Freely: A Scholar's Memoir of Experience in the University of California, 1938-1967 (Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies, 2000), 56.
195. Edward Shils, "The Academic Ethic," Minerva 20 (spring-summer 1982): 107, 109 (reprinted in Edward Shils, The Calling of Education, ed. Steven Grosby [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997], 3, 6).
196. Henry F. May, "Professor of American Intellectual History, University of California, Berkeley, 1952-1980" (Oral History, UCB, 1999), 132.
197. "Chronology of Events: Three Months of Crisis," California Monthly, February 1965, 74.
198. Wellman, "Teaching, Research, and Administration," 156.
199. "Discipline Ruined, Strong Charges-Kerr on Way Out," Oakland Tribune, March 12, 1965, 1.
200. Marian Gade's interview with Alex Sherriffs, August 11, 1999.
201. "Student Demonstrations at Berkeley," December 16, 1964 (Strong papers, vol. 1).
202. Memo from General Counsel Thomas J. Cunningham to Vice-Chancellor Alex C. Sherriffs, "Re: University Regulations-Use of University Facilities," September 21, 1964 (in Strong papers, vol. 1); see IGS Documentary Supplement 6.2.
203. Memo from Cunningham to President Kerr, February 5, 1965, "Re: Legal Aspects of University Regulations" (UC Archives/University of California Regents, special committee to review university policies, records, CU-1.7, folder 4); see IGS Documentary Supplement 6.6.
204. Derek Bok, president emeritus, Harvard University, jacket endorsement for Kerr, Academic Triumphs.
205. Strong, "Philosopher, Professor," 390.
206. "Kerr Replies to 'Long-Time Friend,'" Oakland Tribune, March 12, 1965, 1.
207. Edward Strong memo to files, December 10, 1964 (Strong papers, vol. 2).
208. Neil J. Smelser, Collective Behavior (New York: Free Press, 1962), 1.
209. See the report of the Berkeley Emergency Committee to the Berkeley Academic Senate, March 1, 1965, giving full support to Meyerson and to me.
210. Minutes of the Academic Senate, Berkeley division, March 12 and 18, 1965, iii.
211. Max Heirich, The Spiral of Conflict: Berkeley 1964 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971), 375.
212. Williams, "Dean of Students," 257ff.
213. Robert H. Somers, "The Mainsprings of Rebellion-A Survey of Berkeley Students in November 1964" (manuscript, University of California, January 1965).
214. For a discussion of his change in position, see John Searle, The Campus War (New York: World Publishing, 1971).
215. Tape recording transcript of FSM rally at Sproul Hall, at noon on December 9, 1964 (Strong papers, vol. 2).
216. Roger W. Heyns, "Berkeley Chancellor, 1965-1971: The University in a Turbulent Society" (Oral History, UCB, 1987), 38.
217. Heirich, Spiral of Conflict, 145.
218. Ben Williams, "'Reds on Campus'-UC's Kerr," San Francisco Examiner, October 3, 1964, 1. Statement by Clark Kerr at a press conference in San Francisco following a meeting of the American Council on Education, October 2, 1964 ( James Benét, "Kerr Ruled Out Compromise," San Francisco Chronicle, October 3, 1964, 9).
219. Hal Draper, "In Defense of the 'New Radicals,'" New Politics 4, no. 3 (summer 1965): 6.
220. See Garry Wills, Certain Trumpets (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994), 84.
221. Bradford Cleaveland, "Education, Revolutions, and Citadels" (mimeo, September 1964); reprinted in The Berkeley Student Revolt: Facts and Interpretations, ed.
222. Seymour Martin Lipset and Sheldon S. Wolin (New York: Anchor Books, 1965), 91.
223. "Clark Kerr to Receive Human Relations Award," Daily Californian, May 14, 1964, 2.
224. Herbert Marcuse, "Repressive Tolerance," in A Critique of Pure Tolerance, by Robert Paul Wolff, Barrington Moore, Jr., and Herbert Marcuse (Boston: Beacon Press, 1970 [1965]), 81-123.
225. See, for example, the assertions of full credit for favorable developments owed to the student activists who initiated the demands, in Kenneth Cloke, "Democracy and Revolution in Law and Politics: The Origin of Civil Liberties Protest Movements in Berkeley, from TASC and SLATE to FSM (1957-1965)" (Ph.D. diss., UCLA, 1980).
226. Max Heirich, The Spiral of Conflict: Berkeley 1964 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971), 380.
227. Franklin D. Murphy, "My UCLA Chancellorship: An Utterly Candid View" (Oral History, UCLA, 1976), 135-38.
228. Report to the UC regents of the Special Committee to Review the Thirteenth Report Supplement on Un-American Activities in California, September 9, 1966.
229. Lou Cannon, Reagan (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1982), 148.
230. Letter from Al Greenberg to Clark Kerr, March 24, 1998.
231. Lyn Nofziger, Nofziger (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway, 1992), 64.
232. George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1993), 819.
233. Nofziger, Nofziger, 63.
234. For an account of this episode, see Sheldon S. Wolin and John H. Schaar, The Berkeley Rebellion and Beyond (New York: Vintage, 1970), 52ff.
235. Lally Weymouth, "The Word from Mamma Buff," Esquire 88, no. 5 (November 1977): 206.
236. John Kenneth Galbraith, A Tenured Professor: A Novel (Boston: Houghton Mi>in, 1990), 53.
237. See Angus E. Taylor, The Academic Senate at the University of California: Its Role in the Shared Governance and Operation of the University (Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies, 1998).
238. Charles H. Townes, How the Laser Happened: Adventures of a Scientist (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), ch. 8.
239. Eric Ashby, "The Great Reappraisal," in Universities Facing the Future, ed. W. Roy Niblett and R. Freeman Butts (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1972), 42.
240. Waldemar A. Nielsen, The Golden Donors: A New Anatomy of the Great Foundations (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1985), 141.
241. For a tribute to Kay's work as a "living visionary" and one of "the Bay Area's most successful activists," see Galen Rowell, Bay Area Wild (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1997).