Fate of triclosan in tertiary wastewater treatment: Chlorination

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 333-343

  Pape, Jennifer ^a   Woudneh, Million B ^a   Grace, Richard ^a   Ronald MacGillivray, A ^b   Fikslin, Thomas ^b   Cosgrove, John R ^a  

^a AXYS Analytical Services Ltd   (Canada)

^b Delaware River Basin Commission   (United States)

Author keywords

Chlorination; Delaware river; Pharmaceutical and personal care product; Transformation; Triclosan; Wastewater

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL REACTIONS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE PUMPING PLANTS; TOXICITY; WASTEWATER; WASTEWATER TREATMENT; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS;

DELAWARE RIVER; MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS; PHARMACEUTICAL AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; TERTIARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT; TRANSFORMATION; TRICLOSAN; WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION; WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS;

CHLORINATION;

CHLORINATION; CHLORINE; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); LABORATORY METHOD; PHENOL; SEWAGE TREATMENT; TRANSFORMATION;

DELAWARE RIVER; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84887548404     PISSN: 12013080     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/wqrjc.2013.108     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Aranami, K. & Readman, J. W. 2007 Photolytic degradation of triclosan in freshwater and seawater. Chemosphere 66, 1052-1056.
2. Bedoux, G., Roig, B., Thomas, O., Dupont, V. & Le Bot, B. 2012 Occurrence and toxicity of antimicrobial triclosan and byproducts in the environment. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 19, 1044-1065.
3. Burkhardt-Holm, P. 2010 Endocrine disruptors and water quality: a state-of-the-art review. Int. J. Water Resour. D 26, 477-493.
4. Buth, J. M., Grandbois, M., Vikesland, P. J., McNeill, K. & Arnold, W. A. 2009 Aquatic photochemistry of chlorinated triclosan derivatives: potential source of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 28, 2555-2563.
5. Buth, J. M., Ross, M. R., McNeill, K. & Arnold, W. A. 2011 Removal and formation of chlorinated triclosan derivatives in wastewater treatment plants using chlorine and UV disinfection. Chemosphere 84, 1238-1243.
6. Canosa, P., Morales, S., Rodríguez, I., Rubí, E., Cela, R. & Gómez, R. 2005 Aquatic degradation of triclosan and formation of toxic chlorophenols in presence of low concentrations of free chlorine. Analyt. Bioanalyt. Chem. 383, 1119-1126.
7. Chalew, T. E. A. & Halden, R. U. 2009 Environmental exposure of aquatic and terrestrial biota to triclosan and triclocarban. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 45, 4-13.
8. Crespin, M. A., Gallego, M., Valcárcel, M. & González, J. L. 2001 Study of the degradation of the herbicides 2, 4-D and MCPA at different depths in contaminated agricultural soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 4265-4270.
9. Dann, A. B. & Hontela, A. 2011 Triclosan: environmental exposure, toxicity and mechanisms of action. J. Appl. Toxicol. 31, 285-311.
10. Daugherty, D. D. & Karel, S. F. 1994 Degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by Pseudomonas cepacia DBO1 (pRO101) in a dual-substrate chemostat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 3261-3267.
11. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR). Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit, Revision 1. 11. 2002, 40 CFR Chapter I, Appendix B to Part 136.
12. El Najjar, N. H., Deborde, M., Journel, R. & Vel Leitner, N. K. 2013 Aqueous chlorination of levofloxacin: kinetic and mechanistic study, transformation product identification and toxicity. Water Res. 47, 121-129.
13. Fatta-Kassinos, D., Meric, S. & Nikolaou, A. 2011 Pharmaceutical residues in environmental waters and wastewater: current state of knowledge and future research. Analyt. Bioanalyt. Chem. 399, 251-275.
14. Fernandes, M., Shareef, A., Kookana, R., Gaylard, S., Hoare, S. & Kildea, T. 2011 The distribution of triclosan and methyltriclosan in marine sediments of Barker Inlet, South Australia. J. Environ. Monit. 13, 801-806.
15. Greyshock, A. E. & Vikesland, P. J. 2006 Triclosan reactivity in chloraminated waters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 2615-2622.
16. Heidler, J. & Halden, R. U. 2007 Mass balance assessment of triclosan removal during conventional sewage treatment. Chemosphere 66, 362-369.
17. Kookana, R. S., Ying, G.-G. & Waller, N. J. 2011 Triclosan: its occurrence, fate and effects in the Australian environment. Water Sci. Technol. 63, 598-604.
18. Krishnakumar, B., Anupama, V. N., Anju, S. & Rugminisukumar, M. 2011 Effect of triclosan on protozoa in wastewater treating bioreactors. Water Sci. Technol. 63 (4), 754-760.
19. Kumar, K. S., Priya, S. M., Peck, A. M. & Sajwan, K. S. 2010 Mass loadings of triclosan and triclocarbon from four wastewater treatment plants to three rivers and landfill in Savannah, Georgia, USA. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 58, 275-285.
20. Lishman, L., Smyth, S. A., Sarafin, K., Kleywegt, S., Toito, J., Peart, T., Lee, B., Servos, M., Beland, M. & Seto, P. 2006 Occurrence and reductions of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and estrogens by municipal wastewater treatment plants in Ontario, Canada. Sci. Total Environ. 367, 544-558.
21. McAvoy, D. C., Schatowitz, B., Jacob, M., Hauk, A. & Eckhoff, W. S. 2002 Measurement of triclosan in wastewater treatment systems. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21, 1323-1329.
22. Mezcua, M., Gómez, M. J., Ferrer, I., Aguera, A., Hernando, M. D. & Fernández-Alba, A. R. 2004 Evidence of 2, 7/2, 8-dibenzodichloro-p-dioxin as a photodegradation product of triclosan in water and wastewater samples. Analyt. Chim. Acta 524, 241-247.
23. Pinkston, K. E. & Sedlak, D. L. 2004 Transformation of aromatic ether-and amine-containing pharmaceuticals during chlorine disinfection. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 4019-4025.
24. Radwan, K. H. & Ramanujam, T. K. 1997 Studies on organic removal of 2, 4-dichlorophenol wastewaters using a modified RBC. Bioprocess. Eng. 16, 219-223.
25. Ricart, M., Guasch, H., Alberch, M., Barceló, D., Bonnineau, C., Geiszinger, A., la Ferré, M., Ferrer, J., Ricciardi, F., Romani, A. M., Morin, S., Proia, L., Sala, L., Sureda, D. & Sabater, S. 2010 Triclosan persistence through wastewater treatment plants and its potential toxic effects on river biofilms. Aquat. Toxicol. 100, 346-353.
26. Rule, K. L., Ebbett, V. R. & Vikesland, P. J. 2005 Formation of chloroformand chlorinated organics by free-chlorine-mediated oxidation of triclosan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 3176-3185.
27. U. S. EPA 2007 Method 1694: Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water, Soil, Sediment and Biosolids by HPLC/ MS/MS. USEPA, Washington, DC, EPA-821-R-08-008, p. 77.
28. Vanderford, B. J. & Snyder, S. A. 2006 Analysis of pharmaceuticals in water by isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 7312-7320.
29. Wilson, B., Chen, R. F., Cantwell, M., Gontz, A. & Olsen, C. R. 2009 The partitioning of triclosan between aqueous and particulate bound phases in the Hudson River Estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 59, 207-212.
30. Yadav, G. D. & Jadhav, Y. B. 2002 Synthesis of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: novelties of kinetics of inverse phase transfer catalysis. J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. 184, 151-160.