메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 3683-3700

Shrub canopies influence soil temperatures but not nutrient dynamics: An experimental test of tundra snow-shrub interactions

Author keywords

Alpine; Arctic; Birch (Betula); Carbon; Litter; Nitrogen; Permafrost; Plant soil (belowground) interactions; Soil respiration; Willow (Salix)

Indexed keywords


EID: 84887538395     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20457758     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.710     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (143)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 80054689245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among foundation species and their consequences for community organization, biodiversity, and conservation
    • Angelini, C., A. H. Altieri, B. R. Silliman, and M. D. Bertness. 2011. Interactions among foundation species and their consequences for community organization, biodiversity, and conservation. Bioscience 61:782-789.
    • (2011) Bioscience , vol.61 , pp. 782-789
    • Angelini, C.1    Altieri, A.H.2    Silliman, B.R.3    Bertness, M.D.4
  • 3
    • 77049105140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect control by snow cover over decomposition in alpine tundra along a snowmelt gradient
    • Baptist, F., N. G. Yoccoz, and P. Choler. 2010. Direct and indirect control by snow cover over decomposition in alpine tundra along a snowmelt gradient. Plant Soil 328:397-410.
    • (2010) Plant Soil , vol.328 , pp. 397-410
    • Baptist, F.1    Yoccoz, N.G.2    Choler, P.3
  • 4
    • 0032401857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking above-ground and below-ground interactions: how plant responses to foliar herbivory influence soil organisms
    • Bardgett, R. D., D. A. Wardle, and G. W. Yeates. 1998. Linking above-ground and below-ground interactions: how plant responses to foliar herbivory influence soil organisms. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30:1867-1878.
    • (1998) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.30 , pp. 1867-1878
    • Bardgett, R.D.1    Wardle, D.A.2    Yeates, G.W.3
  • 6
    • 76849093319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of extreme winter warming events on litter decomposition in a sub-arctic heathland
    • Bokhorst, S., J. W. Bjerke, J. Melillo, T. V. Callaghan, and G. K. Phoenix. 2010. Impacts of extreme winter warming events on litter decomposition in a sub-arctic heathland. Soil Biol. Biochem. 42:611-617.
    • (2010) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.42 , pp. 611-617
    • Bokhorst, S.1    Bjerke, J.W.2    Melillo, J.3    Callaghan, T.V.4    Phoenix, G.K.5
  • 7
    • 84870203835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regime shift on the roof of the world: alpine meadows converting to shrublands in the southern Himalayas
    • Brandt, J. S., M. A. Haynes, T. Kuemmerle, D. M. Waller, and V. C. Radeloff. 2013. Regime shift on the roof of the world: alpine meadows converting to shrublands in the southern Himalayas. Biol. Conserv. 158:116-127.
    • (2013) Biol. Conserv. , vol.158 , pp. 116-127
    • Brandt, J.S.1    Haynes, M.A.2    Kuemmerle, T.3    Waller, D.M.4    Radeloff, V.C.5
  • 8
    • 75949083171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking light attenuation, sunflecks, and canopy architecture in mesic shrub thickets
    • Brantley, S., and D. R. Young. 2010. Linking light attenuation, sunflecks, and canopy architecture in mesic shrub thickets. Plant Ecol. 206:225-236.
    • (2010) Plant Ecol. , vol.206 , pp. 225-236
    • Brantley, S.1    Young, D.R.2
  • 10
    • 78650001383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deepened snow increases late thaw biogeochemical pulses in mesic low arctic tundra
    • Buckeridge, K. M., and P. Grogan. 2010. Deepened snow increases late thaw biogeochemical pulses in mesic low arctic tundra. Biogeochemistry 101:105-121.
    • (2010) Biogeochemistry , vol.101 , pp. 105-121
    • Buckeridge, K.M.1    Grogan, P.2
  • 11
    • 77950338310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil nitrogen cycling rates in low arctic shrub tundra are enhanced by litter feedbacks
    • Buckeridge, K. M., E. Zufelt, H. Chu, and P. Grogan. 2010. Soil nitrogen cycling rates in low arctic shrub tundra are enhanced by litter feedbacks. Plant Soil 330:407-421.
    • (2010) Plant Soil , vol.330 , pp. 407-421
    • Buckeridge, K.M.1    Zufelt, E.2    Chu, H.3    Grogan, P.4
  • 12
    • 68849118270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing global carbon cycle: linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences
    • Chapin, F. S., J. McFarland, A. D. McGuire, E. S. Euskirchen, R. W. Ruess, and K. Kielland. 2009. The changing global carbon cycle: linking plant-soil carbon dynamics to global consequences. J. Ecol. 97:840-850.
    • (2009) J. Ecol. , vol.97 , pp. 840-850
    • Chapin, F.S.1    McFarland, J.2    McGuire, A.D.3    Euskirchen, E.S.4    Ruess, R.W.5    Kielland, K.6
  • 13
    • 82955239797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of vegetation type on the dominant soil bacteria, Archaea, and fungi in a low Arctic tundra landscape
    • Chu, H., J. D. Neufeld, V. K. Walker, and P. Grogan. 2011. The influence of vegetation type on the dominant soil bacteria, Archaea, and fungi in a low Arctic tundra landscape. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 75:1756-1765.
    • (2011) Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , vol.75 , pp. 1756-1765
    • Chu, H.1    Neufeld, J.D.2    Walker, V.K.3    Grogan, P.4
  • 15
    • 34249804202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes
    • Cornelissen, J. H. C., P. M. van Bodegom, R. Aerts, T. V. Callaghan, R. S. P. van Logtestijn, J. Alatalo, et al. 2007. Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes. Ecol. Lett. 10:619-627.
    • (2007) Ecol. Lett. , vol.10 , pp. 619-627
    • Cornelissen, J.H.C.1    van Bodegom, P.M.2    Aerts, R.3    Callaghan, T.V.4    van Logtestijn, R.S.P.5    Alatalo, J.6
  • 16
    • 33846907541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of white spruce (Picea glauca) to experimental warming at a subarctic alpine treeline
    • Danby, R. K., and D. S. Hik. 2007a. Responses of white spruce (Picea glauca) to experimental warming at a subarctic alpine treeline. Glob. Change Biol. 13:437-451.
    • (2007) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 437-451
    • Danby, R.K.1    Hik, D.S.2
  • 17
    • 33846919856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability, contingency and rapid change in recent subarctic alpine tree line dynamics
    • Danby, R. K., and D. S. Hik. 2007b. Variability, contingency and rapid change in recent subarctic alpine tree line dynamics. J. Ecol. 95:352-363.
    • (2007) J. Ecol. , vol.95 , pp. 352-363
    • Danby, R.K.1    Hik, D.S.2
  • 18
    • 79952153690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation change in southeast Greenland? Tasiilaq revisited after 40 years
    • Daniëls, F. J. A., J. G. de Molenaar, M. Chytrý, and L. Tichý. 2011. Vegetation change in southeast Greenland? Tasiilaq revisited after 40 years. Appl. Veg. Sci. 14:230-241.
    • (2011) Appl. Veg. Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 230-241
    • Daniëls, F.J.A.1    de Molenaar, J.G.2    Chytrý, M.3    Tichý, L.4
  • 19
    • 33644866828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change
    • Davidson, E. A., and I. A. Janssens. 2006. Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change. Nature 440:165-173.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.440 , pp. 165-173
    • Davidson, E.A.1    Janssens, I.A.2
  • 20
    • 41849150021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant functional traits and soil carbon sequestration in contrasting biomes
    • De Deyn, G. B., J. H. C. Cornelissen, and R. D. Bardgett. 2008. Plant functional traits and soil carbon sequestration in contrasting biomes. Ecol. Lett. 11:516-531.
    • (2008) Ecol. Lett. , vol.11 , pp. 516-531
    • De Deyn, G.B.1    Cornelissen, J.H.C.2    Bardgett, R.D.3
  • 21
    • 79960305576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of snow, soil microenvironment, and soil organic matter quality on N availability in three Alaskan arctic plant communities
    • DeMarco, J., M. C. Mack, and M. S. Bret-Harte. 2011. The effects of snow, soil microenvironment, and soil organic matter quality on N availability in three Alaskan arctic plant communities. Ecosystems 14:804-817.
    • (2011) Ecosystems , vol.14 , pp. 804-817
    • DeMarco, J.1    Mack, M.C.2    Bret-Harte, M.S.3
  • 23
    • 0036127909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change in the Arctic: using plant functional types in a meta-analysis of field experiments
    • Dormann, C. F., and S. J. Woodin. 2002. Climate change in the Arctic: using plant functional types in a meta-analysis of field experiments. Funct. Ecol. 16:4-17.
    • (2002) Funct. Ecol. , vol.16 , pp. 4-17
    • Dormann, C.F.1    Woodin, S.J.2
  • 24
    • 27744432363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems
    • Ellison, A. M., M. S. Bank, B. D. Clinton, E. A. Colburn, K. Elliott, C. R. Ford, et al. 2005. Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems. Front. Ecol. Environ. 3:479-486.
    • (2005) Front. Ecol. Environ. , vol.3 , pp. 479-486
    • Ellison, A.M.1    Bank, M.S.2    Clinton, B.D.3    Colburn, E.A.4    Elliott, K.5    Ford, C.R.6
  • 26
    • 66149179031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in vegetation in northern Alaska under scenarios of climate change, 2003-2100: implications for climate feedbacks
    • Euskirchen, E. S., A. D. McGuire, F. S. Chapin, S. Yi, and C. D. C. Thompson. 2009. Changes in vegetation in northern Alaska under scenarios of climate change, 2003-2100: implications for climate feedbacks. Ecol. Appl. 19:1022-1043.
    • (2009) Ecol. Appl. , vol.19 , pp. 1022-1043
    • Euskirchen, E.S.1    McGuire, A.D.2    Chapin, F.S.3    Yi, S.4    Thompson, C.D.C.5
  • 27
    • 77953175472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russian arctic warming and "greening" are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows
    • Forbes, B. C., M. Macias-Fauria, and P. Zetterberg. 2010. Russian arctic warming and "greening" are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows. Glob. Change Biol. 16:1542-1554.
    • (2010) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 1542-1554
    • Forbes, B.C.1    Macias-Fauria, M.2    Zetterberg, P.3
  • 28
    • 33745839842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 production during winter in a Swedish subarctic region: the relative importance of climate and vegetation type
    • 2 production during winter in a Swedish subarctic region: the relative importance of climate and vegetation type. Glob. Change Biol. 12:1479-1495.
    • (2006) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 1479-1495
    • Grogan, P.1    Jonasson, S.2
  • 29
    • 77953918920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing a missing link: warm summers and winter snow cover promote shrub expansion into alpine tundra in Scandinavia
    • Hallinger, M., M. Manthey, and M. Wilmking. 2010. Establishing a missing link: warm summers and winter snow cover promote shrub expansion into alpine tundra in Scandinavia. New Phytol. 186:890-899.
    • (2010) New Phytol. , vol.186 , pp. 890-899
    • Hallinger, M.1    Manthey, M.2    Wilmking, M.3
  • 30
    • 70449718759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The response of organic matter mineralisation to nutrient and substrate additions in sub-arctic soils
    • Hartley, I. P., D. W. Hopkins, M. Sommerkorn, and P. A. Wookey. 2010. The response of organic matter mineralisation to nutrient and substrate additions in sub-arctic soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 42:92-100.
    • (2010) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.42 , pp. 92-100
    • Hartley, I.P.1    Hopkins, D.W.2    Sommerkorn, M.3    Wookey, P.A.4
  • 31
    • 0030404522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature and plant species control over litter decomposition in Alaskan tundra
    • Hobbie, S. E. 1996. Temperature and plant species control over litter decomposition in Alaskan tundra. Ecol. Monogr. 66:503-522.
    • (1996) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.66 , pp. 503-522
    • Hobbie, S.E.1
  • 32
    • 0345161425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bidirectional facilitation and interference between shrubs and annuals in the mojave desert
    • Holzapfel, C., and B. E. Mahall. 1999. Bidirectional facilitation and interference between shrubs and annuals in the mojave desert. Ecology 80:1747-1761.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 1747-1761
    • Holzapfel, C.1    Mahall, B.E.2
  • 33
    • 38949161850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrub encroachment in North American grasslands: shifts in growth form dominance rapidly alters control of ecosystem carbon inputs
    • Knapp, A. K., J. M. Briggs, S. L. Collins, S. R. Archer, M. S. Bret-Harte, B. E. Ewers, et al. 2008. Shrub encroachment in North American grasslands: shifts in growth form dominance rapidly alters control of ecosystem carbon inputs. Glob. Change Biol. 14:615-623.
    • (2008) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 615-623
    • Knapp, A.K.1    Briggs, J.M.2    Collins, S.L.3    Archer, S.R.4    Bret-Harte, M.S.5    Ewers, B.E.6
  • 34
    • 84887562922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative influence of temperature and disturbance on vegetation dynamics in the low arctic: an investigation at multiple scales. Ph.D., Vancouver University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
    • Lantz, T. C. 2008. Relative influence of temperature and disturbance on vegetation dynamics in the low arctic: an investigation at multiple scales. Ph.D., Vancouver University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
    • (2008)
    • Lantz, T.C.1
  • 35
    • 66749180420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative impacts of disturbance and temperature: persistent changes in microenvironment and vegetation in retrogressive thaw slumps
    • Lantz, T. C., S. V. Kokelj, S. E. Gergel, and G. H. R. Henry. 2009. Relative impacts of disturbance and temperature: persistent changes in microenvironment and vegetation in retrogressive thaw slumps. Glob. Change Biol. 15:1664-1675.
    • (2009) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 1664-1675
    • Lantz, T.C.1    Kokelj, S.V.2    Gergel, S.E.3    Henry, G.H.R.4
  • 36
    • 77954697491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of green alder (Alnus viridis subsp. fruticosa) patch dynamics and plant community composition to fire and regional temperature in north-western Canada
    • Lantz, T. C., S. E. Gergel, and G. H. R. Henry. 2010. Response of green alder (Alnus viridis subsp. fruticosa) patch dynamics and plant community composition to fire and regional temperature in north-western Canada. J. Biogeogr. 37:1597-1610.
    • (2010) J. Biogeogr. , vol.37 , pp. 1597-1610
    • Lantz, T.C.1    Gergel, S.E.2    Henry, G.H.R.3
  • 37
    • 0036138302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelled changes in arctic tundra snow, energy and moisture fluxes due to increased shrubs
    • Liston, G. E., J. P. McFadden, M. Sturm, and R. A. Pielke. 2002. Modelled changes in arctic tundra snow, energy and moisture fluxes due to increased shrubs. Glob. Change Biol. 8:17-32.
    • (2002) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 17-32
    • Liston, G.E.1    McFadden, J.P.2    Sturm, M.3    Pielke, R.A.4
  • 38
  • 39
    • 84864432023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eurasian Arctic greening reveals teleconnections and the potential for structurally novel ecosystems
    • Macias-Fauria, M., B. C. Forbes, P. Zetterberg, and T. Kumpula. 2012. Eurasian Arctic greening reveals teleconnections and the potential for structurally novel ecosystems. Nat. Clim. Chang. 2:613-618.
    • (2012) Nat. Clim. Chang. , vol.2 , pp. 613-618
    • Macias-Fauria, M.1    Forbes, B.C.2    Zetterberg, P.3    Kumpula, T.4
  • 40
    • 4644313725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem carbon storage in Arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization
    • Mack, M. C., E. A. G. Schuur, M. S. Bret-Harte, G. R. Shaver, and F. S. Chapin. 2004. Ecosystem carbon storage in Arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization. Nature 431:440-443.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , pp. 440-443
    • Mack, M.C.1    Schuur, E.A.G.2    Bret-Harte, M.S.3    Shaver, G.R.4    Chapin, F.S.5
  • 42
    • 80052027733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A century (1910-2008) of change in a collapsing pingo, Parry Peninsula, Western Arctic Coast, Canada
    • Mackay, J. R., and C. R. Burn. 2011. A century (1910-2008) of change in a collapsing pingo, Parry Peninsula, Western Arctic Coast, Canada. Permafrost Periglac. Process. 22:266-272.
    • (2011) Permafrost Periglac. Process. , vol.22 , pp. 266-272
    • Mackay, J.R.1    Burn, C.R.2
  • 43
    • 78649474758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snowmelt energetics at a shrub tundra site in the western Canadian Arctic
    • Marsh, P., P. Bartlett, M. MacKay, S. Pohl, and T. C. Lantz. 2010. Snowmelt energetics at a shrub tundra site in the western Canadian Arctic. Hydrol. Process. 24:3603-3620.
    • (2010) Hydrol. Process. , vol.24 , pp. 3603-3620
    • Marsh, P.1    Bartlett, P.2    MacKay, M.3    Pohl, S.4    Lantz, T.C.5
  • 46
    • 84887541164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrub encroachment in arctic and alpine tundra: mechanisms of expansion and ecosystem impacts. Ph.D., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
    • Myers-Smith, I.H. 2011 Shrub encroachment in arctic and alpine tundra: mechanisms of expansion and ecosystem impacts. Ph.D., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
    • (2011)
    • Myers-Smith, I.H.1
  • 48
    • 80052533460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion of canopy-forming willows over the twentieth century on Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada
    • Myers-Smith, I. H., D. S. Hik, C. Kennedy, D. Cooley, J. F. Johnstone, A. J. Kenney, et al. 2011b. Expansion of canopy-forming willows over the twentieth century on Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada. Ambio 40:610-623.
    • (2011) Ambio , vol.40 , pp. 610-623
    • Myers-Smith, I.H.1    Hik, D.S.2    Kennedy, C.3    Cooley, D.4    Johnstone, J.F.5    Kenney, A.J.6
  • 49
    • 79960489142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns and processes of global shrub expansion
    • Naito, A. T., and D. M. Cairns. 2011. Patterns and processes of global shrub expansion. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 35:423-442.
    • (2011) Prog. Phys. Geogr. , vol.35 , pp. 423-442
    • Naito, A.T.1    Cairns, D.M.2
  • 50
    • 34548125269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deeper snow enhances winter respiration from both plant-associated and bulk soil carbon pools in birch hummock tundra
    • Nobrega, S., and P. Grogan. 2007. Deeper snow enhances winter respiration from both plant-associated and bulk soil carbon pools in birch hummock tundra. Ecosystems 10:419-431.
    • (2007) Ecosystems , vol.10 , pp. 419-431
    • Nobrega, S.1    Grogan, P.2
  • 53
    • 0035016466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of shrub encroachment in an African savanna: relative influences of fire, herbivory, rainfall and density dependence
    • Roques, K. G., T. O'Connor, and A. R. Watkinson. 2001. Dynamics of shrub encroachment in an African savanna: relative influences of fire, herbivory, rainfall and density dependence. J. Appl. Ecol. 38:268-280.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.38 , pp. 268-280
    • Roques, K.G.1    O'Connor, T.2    Watkinson, A.R.3
  • 54
    • 0024927605 scopus 로고
    • The role of lesser snow geese as nitrogen processors in a sub-arctic salt marsh
    • Ruess, R. W., D. S. Hik, and R. L. Jefferies. 1989. The role of lesser snow geese as nitrogen processors in a sub-arctic salt marsh. Oecologia 79:23-29.
    • (1989) Oecologia , vol.79 , pp. 23-29
    • Ruess, R.W.1    Hik, D.S.2    Jefferies, R.L.3
  • 55
    • 1042302243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased snow depth affects microbial activity and nitrogen mineralization in two arctic tundra communities
    • Schimel, J. P., C. Bilbrough, and J. M. Welker. 2004. Increased snow depth affects microbial activity and nitrogen mineralization in two arctic tundra communities. Soil Biol. Biochem. 36:217-227.
    • (2004) Soil Biol. Biochem. , vol.36 , pp. 217-227
    • Schimel, J.P.1    Bilbrough, C.2    Welker, J.M.3
  • 56
    • 51549097236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change: implications for the global carbon cycle
    • Schuur, E. A. G., J. Bockheim, J. G. Canadell, E. Euskirchen, C. B. Field, S. V. Goryachkin, et al. 2008. Vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change: implications for the global carbon cycle. Bioscience 58:701-714.
    • (2008) Bioscience , vol.58 , pp. 701-714
    • Schuur, E.A.G.1    Bockheim, J.2    Canadell, J.G.3    Euskirchen, E.4    Field, C.B.5    Goryachkin, S.V.6
  • 57
    • 66449106144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra
    • Schuur, E. A. G., J. G. Vogel, K. G. Crummer, H. Lee, J. O. Sickman, and T. E. Osterkamp. 2009. The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra. Nature 459:556-559.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.459 , pp. 556-559
    • Schuur, E.A.G.1    Vogel, J.G.2    Crummer, K.G.3    Lee, H.4    Sickman, J.O.5    Osterkamp, T.E.6
  • 58
    • 0000891873 scopus 로고
    • Response to fertilization by various plant growth forms in an Alaskan tundra: nutrient accumulation and growth
    • Shaver, G. R., and F. S. Chapin. 1980. Response to fertilization by various plant growth forms in an Alaskan tundra: nutrient accumulation and growth. Ecology 61:662-675.
    • (1980) Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 662-675
    • Shaver, G.R.1    Chapin, F.S.2
  • 59
    • 33644895824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing snow and shrub conditions affect albedo with global implications
    • Sturm, M. 2005. Changing snow and shrub conditions affect albedo with global implications. J. Geophys. Res. 110:G01004.
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Sturm, M.1
  • 60
    • 0035255013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow-shrub interactions in arctic tundra: a hypothesis with climatic implications
    • Sturm, M., J. P. McFadden, G. E. Liston, F. S. Chapin, C. H. Racine, and J. Holmgren. 2001a. Snow-shrub interactions in arctic tundra: a hypothesis with climatic implications. J. Clim. 14:336-344.
    • (2001) J. Clim. , vol.14 , pp. 336-344
    • Sturm, M.1    McFadden, J.P.2    Liston, G.E.3    Chapin, F.S.4    Racine, C.H.5    Holmgren, J.6
  • 61
    • 0035978807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic
    • Sturm, M., C. H. Racine, and K. D. Tape. 2001b. Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic. Nature 411:546-547.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 546-547
    • Sturm, M.1    Racine, C.H.2    Tape, K.D.3
  • 63
    • 33645510833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic
    • Tape, K. D., M. Sturm, and C. H. Racine. 2006. The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic. Glob. Change Biol. 12:686-702.
    • (2006) Glob. Change Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 686-702
    • Tape, K.D.1    Sturm, M.2    Racine, C.H.3
  • 64
    • 84864744814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape heterogeneity of shrub expansion in Arctic Alaska
    • Tape, K., M. Hallinger, J. Welker, and R. Ruess. 2012. Landscape heterogeneity of shrub expansion in Arctic Alaska. Ecosystems 15:711-724.
    • (2012) Ecosystems , vol.15 , pp. 711-724
    • Tape, K.1    Hallinger, M.2    Welker, J.3    Ruess, R.4
  • 65
    • 0034503117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands
    • Van Auken, O. W. 2000. Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 31:197-215.
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.31 , pp. 197-215
    • Van Auken, O.W.1
  • 66
    • 67651147966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and consequences of woody plant encroachment into western North American grasslands
    • Van Auken, O. W. 2009. Causes and consequences of woody plant encroachment into western North American grasslands. J. Environ. Manage. 90:2931-2942.
    • (2009) J. Environ. Manage. , vol.90 , pp. 2931-2942
    • Van Auken, O.W.1
  • 67
    • 0037360353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between carbon and nitrogen mineralization and soil organic matter chemistry in arctic tundra soils
    • Weintraub, M. N., and J. P. Schimel. 2003. Interactions between carbon and nitrogen mineralization and soil organic matter chemistry in arctic tundra soils. Ecosystems 6:129-143.
    • (2003) Ecosystems , vol.6 , pp. 129-143
    • Weintraub, M.N.1    Schimel, J.P.2
  • 68
    • 18744385280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen cycling and the spread of shrubs control changes in the carbon balance of Arctic tundra ecosystems
    • Weintraub, M. N., and J. P. Schimel. 2005. Nitrogen cycling and the spread of shrubs control changes in the carbon balance of Arctic tundra ecosystems. Bioscience 55:408-415.
    • (2005) Bioscience , vol.55 , pp. 408-415
    • Weintraub, M.N.1    Schimel, J.P.2
  • 69
    • 78149496319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of snow manipulation experiments in arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems
    • Wipf, S., and C. Rixen. 2010. A review of snow manipulation experiments in arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems. Polar Res. 29:95-109.
    • (2010) Polar Res. , vol.29 , pp. 95-109
    • Wipf, S.1    Rixen, C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.