Time does not flow without language: Spatial distance affects temporal duration regardless of movement or direction

Psychonomic Bulletin and Review

Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 973-980

  Cai, Zhenguang G ^a   Connell, Louise ^a   Holler, Judith ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PSYCHOLINGUISTICS   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Embodied cognition; Gesture; Metaphor; Space; Time perception

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; DEPTH PERCEPTION; GESTURE; HEARING; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; PHYSIOLOGY; TIME PERCEPTION;

ADULT; AUDITORY PERCEPTION; GESTURES; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; SPACE PERCEPTION; TIME PERCEPTION;

EID: 84887506441     PISSN: 10699384     EISSN: 15315320     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/s13423-013-0414-3     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Boroditsky, L., & Ramscar, M. (2002). The roles of body and mind in abstract thought. Psychological Science, 13, 185-189.
2. Bueti, D., & Walsh, V. (2009). The parietal cortex and the representation of time, space, number and other magnitudes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364, 1831-1840.
3. Cai, Z. G., & Connell, L. (2012). Space-time interdependence and sensory modalities: Time affects space in the hand but not in the eye. In N. Miyake, D. Peebles, & R. P. Cooper (Eds.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society: Austin, TX.
4. Casasanto, D., & Boroditsky, L. (2003). Do we think about time in terms of space? In R. Alterman & D. Kirsch (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 216-221). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
5. Casasanto, D., & Boroditsky, L. (2008). Time in the mind: Using space to think about time. Cognition, 106, 579-593.
6. Casasanto, D., & Bottini, R. (2010). Can mirror-reading reverse the flow of time? In C. Hölscher, T. F. Shipley, M. Olivetti Belardinelli, J. A. Bateman, & N. S. Newcombe (Eds.), Spatial Cognition VII (pp. 335-345). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.
7. Chéreau, C., Gaskell, M. G., & Dumay, N. (2007). Reading spoken words: Orthographic effects in auditory priming. Cognition, 102, 341-360.
8. Connell, L., Cai, Z. G., & Holler, J. (2012). Do you see what I'm singing? Visuospatial movement biases pitch perception. In N. Miyake, D. Peebles, & R. P. Cooper (Eds.), Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society: Austin, TX.
9. Cooperrider, K., & Núñez, R. (2009). Across time, across the body: Transversal temporal gestures. Gesture, 9, 181-206.
10. Fabbri, M., Cancellieri, J., & Natale, V. (2012). The A Theory Of Magnitude (ATOM) model in temporal perception and reproduction tasks. Acta Psychologica, 139, 111-123.
11. Frassinetti, F., Magnani, B., & Oliveri, M. (2009). Prismatic lenses shift time perception. Psychological Science, 20, 949-954.
12. Fuhrman, O., & Boroditsky, L. (2010). Cross-cultural differences in mental representations of time: Evidence from an implicit nonlinguistic task. Cognitive Science, 34, 1430-1451.
13. MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
14. Miles, L. K., Betka, E., Pendry, L. F., & Macrae, C. N. (2010). Mapping temporal constructs: Actions reveal that time is a place. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 2113-2119.
15. Núñez, R., Motz, B., & Teuscher, U. (2006). Time after time: The psychological reality of the Ego- and Time-Reference-Point distinction in metaphorical construals of time. Metaphor and Symbol, 21, 133-146.
16. Ouellet, M., Santiago, J., Israeli, Z., & Gabay, S. (2010). Is the future the right time? Experimental Psychology, 57, 308-314.
17. Perre, L., & Ziegler, J. C. (2008). On-line activation of orthography in spoken word recognition. Brain Research, 1188, 132-138.
18. Philips, R., & Rawles, R. (1979). S & M test of mental rotation ability. London: Department of Psychology, University College.
19. Santiago, J., Lupiáñez, J., Pérez, E., & Funes, M. J. (2007). Time (also) flies from left to right. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 512-516.
20. Tse, P. U., Intriligator, J., Rivest, J., & Cavanagh, P. (2004). Attention and the subjective expansion of time. Perception & Psychophysics, 66, 1171-1189.
21. Ulrich, R., & Maienborn, C. (2010). Left-right coding of past and future in language: The mental timeline during sentence processing. Cognition, 117, 126-138.
22. Vallesi, A., Binns, M. A., & Shallice, T. (2008). An effect of spatial-temporal association of response codes: Understanding the cognitive representations of time. Cognition, 107, 501-527.
23. Vicario, C. M., Caltagirone, C., & Oliveri, M. (2007). Optokinetic stimulation affects temporal estimation in healthy humans. Brain and Cognition, 64, 68-73.
24. Walsh, V. (2003). A theory of magnitude. Common cortical metrics of time, space and quantity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 483-488.
25. Weger, U. W., & Pratt, J. (2008). Time flies like an arrow: Space-time compatibility effects suggest the use of a mental time-line. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 426-430.