Determination of the sea surface emissivity at L-band and application to SMOS salinity retrieval algorithms: Review of the contributions of the UPC-ICM

Radio Science

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2008, Pages

  Camps, A ^a   Font, J ^b   Vall Llossera, M ^a   Corbella, I ^a   Duffo, N ^a   Torres, F ^a   Blanch, S ^a   Aguasca, A ^a   Villarino, R ^a,c   Gabarro C ^b   Enrique, L ^a,d   Miranda, J ^a   Sabia, R ^a   Talone, M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA   (Spain)

^b INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

^d ICFO INSTITUT DE CIENCIES FOTONIQUES   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APERTURE SYNTHESIS; DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITIES; EXPERIMENTAL DATUM; PRECISE MEASUREMENTS; RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; SEA SURFACE SALINITY; WIND-DRIVEN WAVES;

ALGORITHMS; DIGITAL STORAGE; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EMISSION; OIL SPILLS; PERMITTIVITY; RADIOMETRY; SEAWATER EFFECTS;

SALINITY MEASUREMENT;

EID: 84887212351     PISSN: 00486604     EISSN: 1944799X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007RS003728     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Ammar, A., S. Labroue, E. Obligis, C. Mejia, S. Thiria, and M. Crepon (2006), Sea surface salinity retrieval throughout a SMOS half-orbit using neural networks, paper presented at IEEE MicroRad, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
2. Blanch, S., and A. Aguasca (2004), Seawater dielectric permittivity model from measurements at L-band, paper presented at International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS 2004, 20-24 Sept.
3. Blume, H. J. C., H. Huhnerfuss, and W. Alpers (1983), Variation of the microwave brightness temperature of sea surfaces covered with mineral and monomolecular oil films, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 21(3), 295-300.
4. Boutin, J., P. Waldteufel, N. Martin, G. Caudal, and E. Dinnat (2004), Surface salinity retrieved from SMOS measurements over global ocean: Imprecisions due to sea surface roughness and temperature uncertainties, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21(1), 1432-1447.
5. Burgess, T. M., and R.Webster (1980), Optimal interpolation and isarithmic mapping of soil properties; I The semi-variogram and punctual kriging, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 31(2), 315.
6. Camps, A., J. Bará, I. Corbella, and F. Torres (1997), The processing of hexagonally sampled signals with standard rectangular techniques: Application to 2D large aperture synthesis interferometric radiometers, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 35(1), 183-190.
7. Camps, A., et al. (2001), Wind and Salinity Experiment 2000 (WISE 2000): Scientific analysis report, contract 14188/00/NL/DC, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands, Aug.
8. Camps, A., et al. (2003), L-band sea surface emissivity: Preliminary results of the WISE-2000 campaign and its application to salinity retrieval in the SMOS mission, Radio Sci., 38(4), 8071, doi:10.1029/2002RS002629.
9. Camps, A., et al. (2004a), The WISE 2000 and 2001 campaigns in support of the SMOS mission: Sea surface L-band brightness temperature observations and their application to multiangular salinity retrieval, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42(4), 804-823.
10. Camps, A., M. Vall-llossera, J. Miranda (2004b), Sea surface brightness temperature at L-band: Impact of surface currents, paper presented at IGARSS 2004, Anchorage, Alaska, 20-24 Sept.
11. Camps, A., M. Vall-llossera, L. Batres, F. Torres, N. Duffo, and I. Corbella (2005a), Retrieving sea surface salinity with multiangular L-band brightness temperatures: Improvement by spatio-temporal averaging, Radio Sci., 40, RS2003, doi:10.1029/2004RS003040.
12. Camps, A. et al. (2005b), The emissivity of foam-covered water surface at L-band: Theoretical modeling and experimental results from the Frog 2003 Field Experiment, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43(5), 925-937.
13. Camps, A., M. Vall-llossera, N. Duffo, F. Torres, and I. Corbella (2005c), Performance of sea surface salinity and soil moisture retrieval algorithms with different ancillary data sets in 2D L-band aperture synthesis interferometric radiometers, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43(5), 1189-1200.
14. Camps, A., M. Vall-llossera, I. Corbella, N. Duffo, and F. Torres (2006), Improved image reconstruction algorithms for aperture synthesis radiometers, paper presented at Internacional Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS 2006, Denver, Colo., 31 July to 4 Aug.
15. Claassen, J. P., and A. K. Fung (1974), The recovery of polarized apparent temperature distributions of flat scenes from antenna temperature measurements, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 22, 433-442.
16. Corbella, I., F. Torres, A. Camps, A. Colliander, M. Martín-Neira, S. Ribó, K. Rautiainen, N. Duffo, and M. Vall-llossera (2005), MIRAS end-to-end calibration: Application to SMOS L1 processor, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43(5), 1126-1134.
17. Cox, C. S., and W. H. Munk (1954), Statistics of the sea surface derived from Sun glitter, J. Mar. Res., 13, 198-227.
18. Craeye, C., P. W. Sobieski, and L. F. Bliven (1997), Scattering by artificial wind and rain roughened water surfaces at oblique incidences, Int. J. Remote Sens., 18(10), 2241-2246.
19. Dinnat, E. P., and M. Drinkwater (2004), Optimizing the active/passive synergy in the frame of the sea surface salinity retrieval from microwave measurements at L-band, paper presented at SMOS-Aquarius Joint Science Workshop, Miami, 20-22 April.
20. Dinnat, E. P., J. Boutin, G. Caudal, and J. Etcheto (2003), Issues concerning the sea emissivity modeling at L band for retrieving surface salinity, Radio Sci., 38(4), 8060, doi:10.1029/2002RS002637.
21. Dobson, F., W. Perrie, and B. Toulany (1989), On the deepwater fetch laws for wind-generated surface gravity waves, Atmos. Ocean, 27(1), 210-236.
22. Donelan, M. A., J. Hamilton, and W. H. Hui (1985), Directional spectra of wind generated waves, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 315, 509-562.
23. Duffo, N., F. Torres, I. Corbella, V. González, S. Blanch, A. Camps, M. Vall-llossera, J. L. Álvarez, S. Ribó, and M. Martin-Neira (2007), Some results of the MIRAS-SMOS demonstrator campaigns, paper presented at Internacional Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS 2007, Barcelona, Spain, 23-27 July.
24. Durden, S. L., and J. F. Vesecky (1985), A physical radar cross-section model for a wind-driven sea with swell, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 10(4), 445-451.
25. Elfouhaily, T., B. Chapron, K. Katsaros, and D. Vandermark (1997), A unified directional spectrum for long and short wind-driven waves, J. Geophys. Res., 102(C7), 15,781-15,796.
26. Ellison, W., A. Balana, G. Delbos, K. Lamkaouchi, L. Eymard, C. Guillou, and C. Prigent (1998), New permittivity measurements of seawater, Radio Sci., 33(3), 639-648.
27. Etcheto, J. E., P. Dinnat, J. Boutin, A. Camps, J. Miller, S. Contardo, J. Wesson, J. Font, and D. G. Long (2004), Wind speed effect on L-band brightness temperature inferred from Euro-STARRS and WISE 2001 field experiments, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42(10), 2206-2213.
28. First images from airborne version of SMOS (2007), (Available at http://www.esa.int/esaLP/SEMJVPOFHTE-index-0.html and http://www.esa.int/esaLP/ SEMSYFNZCIE-index-0.html)
29. Font, J., G. S. E. Lagerloef, D. M. Le Vine, A. Camps, and O. Z. Zanife (2004), The determination of surface salinity with the European SMOS space mission, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42(10), 2196-2205.
30. Gabarró, C., J. Font, A. Camps, M. Vall-llossera, and A. Julià(2004a), A new empirical model of sea surface microwave emissivity for salinity remote sensing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L01309, doi:10.1029/2003GL018964.
31. Gabarró, C., M. Vall-llossera, J. Font, and A. Camps (2004b), Determination of sea surface salinity and wind speed by L-band microwave radiometry from a fixed platform, Int. J. Remote Sens., 25(1), 111-128.
32. Huang, N. E., D. T. Chen, C. C. Tung, and J. R. Smith (1972), Interactions between steady non-uniform currents and gravity waves with applications for current measurements, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 2, 420-431.
33. Irisov, V. G. (1997), Small-slope expansion for thermal and reflected radiation from a rough surface, Waves Random Media, 7, 1-10.
34. Kerr, Y. H., P.Waldteufel, J. P.Wigneron, J. Martinuzzi, J. Font, and M. Berger (2001), Soil moisture retrieval from space: The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 39(8), 1729-1735.
35. Klein, L. A., and C. T. Swift (1977), An improved model for the dielectric constant of seawater at microwave frequencies, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 2(1), 104-111.
36. Koblinsky, C. J., P. Hildebrand, D. M. Le Vine, F. Pellerano, Y. Chao,W. J.Wilson, S.Yueh, and G. S. E. Lagerloef (2003), Sea surface salinity from space: Science goals and measurement approach, Radio Sci., 38(4), 8064, doi:10.1029/2001RS002584.
37. Kudryavtsev, V. N., V. K. Makin, and B. Chapron (1999), Coupled sea surface-atmosphere model: 2. Spectrum of short wind waves, J. Geophys. Res., 104(C4), 7625-7639.
38. Lagerloef, G. S. E. (2000), Recent progress toward satellite measurements of the global sea surface salinity field, in Satellites, Oceanography, and Society, edited by D. Halpern, pp. 309-319, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
39. Le Vine, D. M., and S. Abraham (2002), The effect of the ionosphere on remote sensing of the sea surface salinity from space: Absorption and emission at L-band, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 40(4), 771-782.
40. Martín-Neira, M., S. Ribó, and A. J. Martín-Polegre (2002), Polarimetric mode of MIRAS, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 40(8), 1755-1768.
41. Mätzler, C. (2006), Thermal Microwave Radiation: Applications for Remote Sensing, Inst. of Electr. Eng., London, UK.
42. Miranda, J., M. Vall-llossera, R. Villarino, and A. Camps (2003a), Sea state and rain effects in the sea surface emissivity at L-Band, paper presented at First Results Workshop on WISE/LOSAC/EuroSTARSS Campaigns, ESA, France, March.
43. Miranda, J. J., M. Vall-llossera, A. Camps, N. Duffo, I. Corbella, and J. Etcheto (2003b), Sea state effect on the sea surface emissivity at L-band, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41(10), 2307-2315.
44. Monahan, E. C., and M. Lu (1990), Acoustically relevant bubble assemblages and their dependence on metereological parameters, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 15, 340-349.
45. Monahan, E. C., and I.G. O'Muircheartaigh (1986), Whitecaps and the passive remote sensing of the ocean surface, Int. J. Remote Sens., 7(5), 627-642.
46. Monahan, E. C., and D. K. Wolf (1989), Comments on variations of whitecap coverage with wind stress and water temperature, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 706-709.
47. Rautiainen, K., J. Kainulainen, T. Auer, S. Tauriainen, and M. Hallikainen (2007), Helsinki University of Technology Synthetic Aperture Radiometer - HUT-2D, paper presented at Internacional Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS 2007, Barcelona, Spain, 23-27 July.
48. Reul, N., and B. Chapron (2001), SMOS-salinity data processing study: Improvements in emissivity models (WP 1100 report), contract 15165/01/NL/SF, ESA, Noordwijk, Netherlands, Oct.
49. Reul, N., and B. Chapron (2003), A simple algorithm for the sea surface salinity retrieval from L-band radiometric measurements at nadir, paper presented at SMOS Workshop.
50. Reul, N., et al. (2006), Synergetic aspects and auxiliary data concepts for sea surface salinity measurements from space, Final Rep. 18176/04/NL/CB, ESA ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands, Jan. (Available at ftp://ftp.estec.esa.nl/pub/ vr/SMO/Salinity-Synergy-18176-FR.pdf)
51. Reul, N., et al. (2007), CoSMOS-OS campaign scientific data analysis results, paper presented at CoSMOS Final Meeting, ESTEC, 31 May.
52. Sabia, R., A. Camps, M. Vall-llossera, and N. Reul (2006), Impact on sea surface salinity retrieval of different auxiliary data within the SMOS mission, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44(10), 2769-2778.
53. Sabia, R., M. Caparrini, A. Camps, and G. Ruffini (2007), Potential synergetic use of GNSS-R signals to improve the sea-state correction in the sea surface salinity estimation: Application to the SMOS mission, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 45(7, Part 1), 2088-2097.
54. Skou, N., and D. Hoofman-Bang (2005), L-band radiometers measuring salinity from space: Atmospheric propagation effects, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43(10), 2210-2217.
55. SMOS ATBD OS (2005), SMOS SSS L2 algorithm theoretical baseline document, SO-L2-SSS-ACR-001, Rev. 4, 7 Nov.
56. Swift, C. T., and R. E. McIntosh (1983), Considerations for microwave remote sensing of ocean surface salinity, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 21(4), 480-491.
57. Talone, M., A. Camps, J. Font, and R. Sabia (2007), Towards a coherent sea surface salinity product from SMOS radiometric measurements and ARGO buoys, paper presented at Internacional Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS 2007, Barcelona, Spain, 23-27 July.
58. Thomann, G. (1976), Experimental results of the remote sensing of sea-surface salinity at 21-cm wavelength, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., 14(3), 198-214.
59. Vall-llossera, M., J. Miranda, A. Camps, and R. Villarino (2003), Sea surface emissivity modelling at L-band: An inter-comparison study, in Proceedings of EuroSTARRS, WISE and LOSAC First Results Workshop, ESA Spec. Publ., SP-525, 143-153.
60. Waldteufel, P., N. Floury, E. P. Dinnat, and G. Caudal (2004), Ionospheric effects for L-band 2-D interferometric radiometry, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42(1), 105-118.
61. Webster, W. J., Jr., et al. (1976), Spectral characteristics of the microwave emission from a wind-driven foam-covered sea, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3095-3099.
62. Wilson, W. J., S. H. Yueh, S. J. Dinardo, and F. K. Li (2004), High-stability L-band radiometer measurements of saltwater, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42(9), 1829-1835.
63. Yueh, S. H. (2000), Estimates of Faraday rotation with passive microwave polarimetry for microwave remote sensing of Earth surfaces, IEEE Trans, Geosci. Remote Sens., 38(5, Part 2), 2434-2438.