Severe influenza-associated respiratory infection in high HIV prevalence setting, South Africa, 2009-2011

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Volumn 19, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1766-1774

  Cohen, Cheryl ^a,b   Moyes, Jocelyn ^a,b   Tempia, Stefano ^c,d   Groom, Michelle ^b   Walaza, Sibongile ^a   Pretorius, Marthi ^a   Dawood, Halima ^e,f   Chhagan, Meera ^e   Haffejee, Summaya ^e   Variava, Ebrahim ^b,g   Kahn, Kathleen ^b,h,i   Tshangela, Akhona ^a   von Gottberg, Anne ^a,b   Wolter, Nicole ^a,b   Cohen, Adam L ^c,d   Kgokong, Babatyi ^a   Venter, Marietjie ^a,j   Madhi, Shabir A ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL HEALTH LABORATORY SERVICE   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^c CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^d Centers for Disease Control and Prevention South Africa   (South Africa)

^e UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^f Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Hosp   (South Africa)

^g Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital   (South Africa)

^h UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

ⁱ Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems   (Ghana)

^j UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INFLUENZA VACCINE; OSELTAMIVIR; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; AGED; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; FEMALE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HEALTH SURVEY; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; INFANT; INFLUENZA; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIXED INFECTION; NEWBORN; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RISK FACTOR; SCHOOL CHILD; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE;

ADULTS; AIDS; BACTERIA; CHILDREN; CO-INFECTION; HIV; INFLUENZA; LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; PNEUMOCCOCUS; PNEUMOCOCCAL; PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; SOUTH AFRICA; VACCINATION; VIRUSES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COINFECTION; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; SOUTH AFRICA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84886995075     PISSN: 10806040     EISSN: 10806059     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3201/eid1911.130546     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Sheth AN, Althoff KN, Brooks JT. Influenza susceptibility, severity, and shedding in HIV-infected adults: a review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52: 219-27. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1093/cid/ciq110.
2. Madhi SA, Schoub B, Simmank K, Blackburn N, Klugman KP. Increased burden of respiratory viral associated severe lower respiratory tract infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1. J Pediatr. 2000; 137: 78-84. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1067/mpd. 2000. 105350.
3. Actuarial Society of South Africa. AIDS and demographic model [cited 2011 Jan 1]. http://www. actuarialsociety. org. za/Models-274. aspx.
4. South Africa Department of Health. National antenatal sentinel HIV and syphilis prevalence survey in South Africa, 2009. Pretoria: The Department; 2010.
5. McAnerney J. M, Cohen C, Moyes J, Besselaar TG, Buys A, Schoub BD, et al. Twenty-five years of outpatient influenza surveillance in South Africa, 1984-2008. J Infect Dis. 2012; 206(Suppl 1): S153-8. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1093/infdis/jis575.
6. Cohen C, Simonsen L, Sample J, Kang JW, Miller M, Madhi SA, et al. Influenza-related mortality among adults aged 25-54 years with AIDS in South Africa and the United States of america. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 55: 996-1003. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1093/cid/cis549.
7. Neuzil KM, Coffey CS, Mitchel EF Jr, Griffin MR. Cardiopulmonary hospitalizations during influenza season in adults and adolescents with advanced HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003; 34: 304-.
8. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1097/00126334-200311010-00008.
9. Johnson LF. Access to antiretroviral treatment in South Africa, 2004-2011. The Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine. 2012; 13: 22-7.
10. Madhi SA, Ramasamy N, Bessellar TG, Saloojee H, Klugman KP. Lower respiratory tract infections associated with influenza A and B viruses in an area with a high prevalence of pediatric human immunodeficiency type 1 infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002; 21: 291-7. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1097/00006454-200204000-00007.
11. Feikin DR, Njenga MK, Bigogo G, Aura B, Aol G, Audi A, et al. Etiology and Incidence of viral and bacterial acute respiratory illness among older children and adults in rural western Kenya, 2007-2010. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7: e43656. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pone. 0043656.
12. Ope MO, Katz MA, Aura B, Gikunju S, Njenga MK, Ng'ang'a Z, et al. Risk factors for hospitalized seasonal influenza in rural Western kenya. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6: e20111. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pone. 0020111.
13. Peters PJ, Skarbinski J, Louie JK, Jain S, Roland M, Jani SG, et al. HIV-infected hospitalized patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1)-United States, spring and summer 2009. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52(Suppl 1): S183-8. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1093/cid/ciq036.
14. Archer B, Cohen C, Naidoo D, Thomas J, Makunga C, Blumberg L, et al. Interim report on pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infections in South Africa, April to October 2009: epidemiology and factors associated with fatal cases. Euro Surveill. 2009; 14: pii: 19369.
15. World Health Organization. WHO global technical consultation: global standards and tools for influenza surveillance. Geneva: The Organization; 2011.
16. Pretorius M, Madhi SA, Cohen C, Naidoo D, Groom M, Moyes J, et al. Respiratory viral co-infections identified by a 10-plex realtime polymerase chain reaction assay in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illness-South Africa. J Infect Dis. 2012; 206 (Suppl 1): S159-65.
17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) protocol for detection and characterization of influenza 2009 A(H1N1)pdm virus-RUO International. Atlanta; The Centers; 2010.
18. Carvalho MG, Tondella ML, McCaustland K, Weidlich L, McGee L, Mayer LW, et al. Evaluation and improvement of real-time PCR assays targeting lytA, ply, and psaA genes for detection of pneumococcal DNA. J Clin Microbiol. 2007; 45: 2460-6. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1128/JCM. 02498-06.
19. South Africa Department of Health. Guidelines for good practice in the conduct of clinical trials with human participants in South Africa. Pretoria: The Department; 2010.
20. Glencross D, Scott LE, Jani IV, Barnett D, Janossy G. CD45-assisted PanLeucogating for accurate, cost-effective dual-platform CD4+ T-cell enumeration. Cytometry. 2002; 50: 69-77. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1002/cyto. 10068.
21. World Health Organization HIV/AIDS Programme. WHO case definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging and immunologic classification of HIV-related disease in adults and children. Geneva: The Organization; 2007.
22. Day C, Gray A. Health and related indicators. South African Health Review. 2012; 17: 208-322.
23. Statistics South Africa. Mid-year population estimates, 2003-2008. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa; 2008.
24. Madhi SA, Kuwanda L, Cutland C, Klugman KP. The impact of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the public health burden of pneumonia in HIV-infected and-uninfected children. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 40: 1511-8. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1086/429828.
25. Madhi SA, Klugman KP. A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia. Nat Med. 2004; 10: 811-3. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1038/nm1077.
26. Brundage JF. Interactions between influenza and bacterial respiratory pathogens: implications for pandemic preparedness. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006; 6: 303-12. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016/S1473-3099(06)70466-2.
27. Resti M, Moriondo M, Cortimiglia M, Indolfi G, Canessa C, Becciolini L, et al. Community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in children: diagnosis and serotyping by real-time polymerase chain reaction using blood samples. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 51: 1042-9. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1086/656579.
28. Azzari C, Moriondo M, Indolfi G, Massai C, Becciolini L, de Martino M, et al. Molecular detection methods and serotyping performed directly on clinical samples improve diagnostic sensitivity and reveal increased incidence of invasive disease by Streptococcus pneumoniae in Italian children. J Med Microbiol. 2008; 57: 1205-12. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1099/jmm. 0. 2008/000935-0.
29. Dagan R, Shriker O, Hazan I, Leibovitz E, Greenberg D, Schlaeffer F, et al. Prospective study to determine clinical relevance of detection of pneumococcal DNA in sera of children by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 1998; 36: 669-73.
30. Noymer A. The 1918 influenza pandemic hastened the decline of tuberculosis in the United States: an age, period, cohort analysis. Vaccine. 2011; 29(Suppl 2): B38-41. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016/j. vaccine. 2011. 02. 053.
31. McCullers JA, Hayden FG. Fatal influenza B infections: time to reexamine influenza research priorities. J Infect Dis. 2012; 205: 870-2. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1093/infdis/jir865.
32. Madhi SA, Maskew M, Koen A, Kuwanda L, Besselaar TG, Naidoo D, et al. Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in African adults infected with human immunodeficient virus: double blind, randomized clinical trial of efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52: 128-37. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1093/cid/ciq004.
33. Anema A, Mills E, Montaner J, Brownstein JS, Cooper C. Efficacy of influenza vaccination in HIV-positive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. HIV Med. 2008; 9: 57-61. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1111/j. 1468-1293. 2008. 00515. x.
34. Madhi SA, Dittmer S, Kuwanda L, Venter M, Cassim H, Lazarus E, et al. Efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in HIVinfected children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. AIDS. 2013; 27: 369-79.
35. The National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service. Healthcare workers handbook on influenza. Johannesburg: The Institute; 2012 [cited 2013 Sep 6]. http://www. nicd. ac. za/assets/files/Healthcare%20Workers%20 Handbook%20on%20Influenza%20in%20SA%20-%20Final. pdf.
36. Zaman K, Roy E, Arifeen SE, Rahman M, Raqib R, Wilson E, et al. Effectiveness of maternal influenza immunization in mothers and infants. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359: 1555-64. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1056/NEJ. Moa0708630.
37. Nair H, Brooks WA, Katz M, Roca A, Berkley JA, Madhi SA, et al. Global burden of respiratory infections due to seasonal influenza in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011; 378: 1917-30. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016/S0140-6736(11)61051-9.
38. Simmerman J. M, Chittaganpitch M, Levy J, Chantra S, Maloney S, Uyeki T, et al. Incidence, seasonality and mortality associated with influenza pneumonia in Thailand: 2005-2008. PLoS ONE. 2009; 4: e7776. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pone. 0007776.
39. Van Kerkhove MD, Vandemaele KA, Shinde V, Jaramillo-Gutierrez G, Koukounari A, Donnelly CA, et al. Risk factors for severe outcomes following 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection: a global pooled analysis. PLoS Med. 2011; 8: e1001053. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1371/journal. pmed. 1001053.
40. Jamieson DJ, Honein MA, Rasmussen SA, Williams JL, Swerdlow DL, Biggerstaff MS, et al. H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection during pregnancy in the USA. Lancet. 2009; 374: 451-8. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1016/S0140-6736(09)61304-0.