National Web Studies: The Case of Iran Online

A Companion to New Media Dynamics

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 142-166

  Rogers, Richard ^a   Weltevrede, Esther ^b   Borra, Erik ^b   Niederer, Sabine ^c  

^a University of Amsterdam ^*

^b UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Alexa toolbar installation; Data gathering counting; Iranian web, responsiveness; Language specific URLs; National web capture; National web health index; National web studies; Web space and national lines; Cyberspace, " and web; Device cultures

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886860717     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118321607.ch8     Document Type: Chapter

References (52)

1. Abiteboul, S., Cobena, G., Masanes, J., and Sedrati, G. (2002) “A First Experience in Archiving the French Web.” Paper presented at the 6th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, Rome, Italy (September 16-18).
2. Amir-Ebrahimi, M. (2008) “Blogging from Qom, behind Walls and Veils.” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 28(2), 235-249.
3. Anderson, B. (1991) Imagined Communities. London: Verso.
4. Arms, W.Y., Adkins, R., Ammen, C., and Hayes, A. (2001) “Collecting and Preserving the Web: The Minerva Prototype.” RLG DigiNews. 5(2).
5. Arvidson, A. and Lettenstrom, F. (1998) “The Kulturarw Project - The Swedish Royal Web Archive.” Electronic Library, 16(2), 105-108.
6. Baeza-Yates, R., Castillo, C., and Efthimiadis, E.N. (2007) “Characterization of National Web Domains.” ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, 7(2), art. 9.
7. Blogpulse (2011) “FAQ:Howdo you Determine Blog Rankings?" http://web.archive.org/web /20110722023858/http://www.blogpulse.com/about.html.
8. Bruns, A. (2008) Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage. New York: Peter Lang.
9. Deibert, R. and Rohozinski, R. (2010) “Cyber Wars.” Index on Censorship, 29(1), 79-90.
10. Deuze, M. (2007) Media Work. Cambridge: Polity.
11. Digital Methods Initiative (2007) “Diagnosing the Condition of Iraq: The Web View.” https://wiki.digitalmethods.net/Dmi/DiagnosingTheConditionOfIraq:TheWebView.
12. Etling, B., Alexanyan, K., Kelly, J., et al. (2010) “Public Discourse in the Russian Blogosphere: Mapping RuNet Politics and Mobilization.” Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2010-11. http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law.harvard.edu/files/Public _Discourse_in_the_Russian_Blogosphere_2010.pdf.
13. Feuz, M., Fuller, M., and Stalder, F. (2011) “Personal Web Searching in the Age of Semantic Capitalism: Diagnosing the Mechanisms of Personalization.” First Monday, 16(2). http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/3344/2766.
14. Gerlitz, C. and Helmond, A. (2011) “The Like Economy: The Social Web in Transition.” Paper presented at the MIT7 Unstable Platforms Conference, Cambridge, MA (May 13-15).
15. Ginsburg, F., Abu-Lughod, L., and Larkin, B. (2002) “Introduction” in F. Ginsburg, L. Abu-Lughod, and B. Larkin, eds., Media Worlds: Anthropology on New Terrain. Berkeley, CA:University of California Press.
16. Glanz, J. and Markoff, J. (2011) “U.S. Underwrites Internet Detour Around Censors.” New York Times (June 12). https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/12/world/12internet.html.
17. Goldsmith, J. and Wu, T. (2006) Who Controls the Internet. Illusions of a Borderless World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
18. Google (2011) “Google Transparency Report.” www.google.com/transparencyreport.
19. Higson, A. (1989) “The Concept of National Cinema.” Screen, 30(4), 36-47.
20. Howe, J. (2006) “The Rise of Crowdsourcing, " Wired, 14(6). www.wired.com/wired/archive /14.06/crowds.html.
21. International Telecommunication Union (2011) Measuring the Information Society. Geneva:International Telecommunication Union.
22. Kehoe, C., Pitkow, J., Sutton, K., et al. (1999) GVU’s Tenth World Wide Web User Survey. Atlanta, GA: Graphics Visualization and Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology.
23. Kelly, J. and Etling, B. (2008) “Mapping Iran’s Online Public: Politics and Culture in the Persian Blogosphere.” Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2008-01. http://cyber.law. harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law.harvard.edu/files/Kelly&Etling_Mapping_Irans_Online _Public_2008.pdf.
24. Khiabany, G. and Sreberny, A. (2007) “The Politics of/in Blogging in Iran.” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 27(3), 563-579.
25. Koerbin, P. (2004) “The Pandora Digital Archiving System (PANDAS) and Managing Web Archiving in Australia: A Case Study.” Paper presented at the 4th International Web Archiving Workshop, Bath, UK (September 16).
26. Lasfargues, F., Oury, C., and Wendland, B. (2008) “Legal Deposit of the French Web: Harvesting Strategies for a National Domain.” Paper presented at IWAW’08, Aarhus, Denmark (September 18-19). http://iwaw.europarchive.org/08/IWAW2008-Lasfargues.pdf.
27. Miller, D. and Slater, D. (2000) The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach. Oxford: Berg.
28. Moulier-Boutang, Y. (2008) “Worker Bee Economy.” Paper presented at the Society of the Query Conference, Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (November 13-14).
29. Murdoch, S. and Anderson, R. (2008) “Tools and Technology of Internet Filtering” in R. Deibert, J. Palfrey, R. Rohozinski, and Zittrain, Z., eds., Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
30. MVF Global (2010) “Online Marketing in the top 50 Internet Economies: Lead Generation and Internet Marketing in Iran.” www.mvfglobal.com/iran.
31. Net Applications (2011) “Search Engine Market Share: Iran, Islamic Republic of.” https:// marketshare.hitslink.com/search-engine-market-share.aspx?qprid=4&qpaf=-000% 09101%09IR%0D&qptimeframe=Y.
32. NetBina (2010) “Online Marketing in Iran.” http://new.netbina.com/resources/2/docs /Online_marketing_in_Iran_2010.pdf.
33. Noman, H. (2008) “Tunisian Journalist Sues Government Agency for Blocking Facebook, Claims Damage for the Use of 404 Error Message Instead of 403.” Open Net Initiative (September 12). http://opennet.net/node/950.
34. Open Net Initiative (2009) Internet Filtering in Iran, 2009. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto. http://opennet.net/sites/opennet.net/files/ONI_Iran_2009.pdf.
35. PADI (n.d.) “Legal Deposit.” Preserving Access to Digital Information. https://www.nla.gov.au /padi/topics/67.html.
36. Pariser, E. (2011) The Filter Bubble. New York: Penguin.
37. Quenqua, D. (2009) “Blogs Falling in an Empty Forest.” New York Times (June 5). www. nytimes.com/2009/06/07/fashion/07blogs.html.
38. Rhoads, C. and Fassihi, F. (2011) “Iran Vows to Unplug Internet.” Wall Street Journal (May 28). http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704889404576277391449002016.html.
39. Roberts, H., Zuckerman, E., and Palfrey J. (2011) "2011 Circumvention Tool Evaluation.” Berkman Center for Internet&Society. http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law. harvard.edu/files/2011_Circumvention_Tool_Evaluation_1.pdf.
40. Rogers, R. (2002) “Operating Issue Networks on the Web.” Science as Culture, 11(2), 191-214.
41. Rogers, R. (2009) The End of the Virtual: Digital Methods. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
42. Sabeti (2010) “Balatarin: A Battleground for Defining Freedom of Expression.” Iran Media Program. http://iranmediaresearch.org/en/blog/13/10/11/23/201.
43. Schmidt, E. (2009) “Prosperity or Peril? The Next Phase of Globalization.” Princeton Colloquium on Public and International Affairs. www.youtube.com/watch?v =9nXmDxf7D_g.
44. Technorati (2008) “State of the Blogosphere 2008.” Technorati. http://technorati.com/state -of-the-blogosphere.
45. Technorati (2011) “Blog Quality Guidelines.” Technorati. http://technorati.com/blog -quality-guidelines-faq.
46. Thompson, C. (2006) “Google’s China Problem (and China’s Google Problem).” New York Times (April 23). www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/magazine/23google.html.
47. Villeneuve, N. (2006) “Testing Through Proxies in China.” Nart Villeneuve (April 10). www.nartv.org/2006/04/10/testing-through-proxies-in-china.
48. Weltevrede, E. (2009) Thinking Nationally with the Web: A Medium-Specific Approach to the National Turn in Web Archiving. Master’s thesis. University of Amsterdam.
49. Wikipedia (2011) “Balatarin.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balatarin.
50. Wright, J., de Souza, T., and Brown, I. (2011) “Fine-Grained Censorship Mapping:Information Sources, Legality and Ethics.” Paper presented at FOCI’11 (USENIX Security Symposium), San Francisco, CA (August 8). www.usenix.org/events/foci11/tech /final_files/Wright.pdf.
51. Yossef, Z.B., Broder, A.Z., Kumar, R., and Tomkins, A. (2004) “Sic Transit Gloria Telae:Towards an Understanding of the Web’s Decay.” Proceedings of the 13th Conference on World Wide Web. New York: ACM.
52. Zarrinbakhsh, N. (2011) “Living as a Criminal: An Ethnographic Study of the Iranian National Web and Internet Censorship.” Master’s thesis. University of Amsterdam.