History of Biological Anthropology

A Companion to Biological Anthropology

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 13-38

  Little, Michael A ^a   Sussman, Robert W ^b  

^a BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

'Race,' typological characterization of human variation dominant theme in physical anthropology; Eighteenth and nineteenth century origins of physical anthropology; Franz Boas's studies, as basis for modern growth investigations; History of biological anthropology; Physical (or biological) anthropology and exploration of human origins and human variation; Physical anthropology as a profession; Physical anthropology studies of anatomy, craniology, skeletal biology, human origins and race; Samuel Stanhope Smith (1751 1819), closely linked to physical anthropology; Thomas Huxley's book Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863) first text in physical anthropology; Twenty first century, contemporary trends and approaches

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886825995     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444320039.ch1     Document Type: Chapter

References (114)

1. AAPA Statement (1996) AAPA Statement on the Biological Aspects of Race. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 101: 569-570.
2. Alfonso, M. P., and Little, M. A. (eds and transl.) (2005) Juan Comas's Summary History of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (1928-1968). Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 48: 163-195.
3. Armelagos, G. J., Carlson, D. S., and Van Gerven, D. P. (1982) The Theoretical Foundations and Development of Skeletal Biology. In F. Spencer (ed.), A History of American Physical Anthropology, 1930-1980 (pp.305-328). New York: Academic Press.
4. Baker, P. T. (1961) Human Bone Mineral Variability and Body Composition Estimates. In J. Brožek and A. Henshel (eds), Techniques for Measuring Body Composition (pp.69-75). Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council.
5. Baker, P. T. (ed.) (1978) The Biology of High-Altitude Peoples. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6. Baker, P. T., and Weiner, J. S. (eds) (1966) The Biology of Human Adaptability. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
7. Barkan, E. (1992) The Retreat of Scientific Racism: Changing Concepts of Race in Britain and the United States between the World Wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8. Boas, F. (1897) The Growth of Children. Science 5: 570-573.
9. Boas, F. (1912) Changes in the Bodily Form of Descendants of Immigrants. New York: Columbia University Press.
10. Boas, F. (1930) Observations on the Growth of Children. Science 72: 44-48.
11. Boas, F. (1940) Age Changes and Secular Changes in Anthropometric Measurements. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 26: 63-68.
12. Boaz, N. T., and Frank Spencer (eds) (1981) 1930-1980: Jubilee Issue. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 56 (4): 327-557.
13. Boyd, W. C. (1950) Genetics and the Races of Man. Boston: Little, Brown.
14. Brace, C. L. (2005) 'Race' Is a Four-Letter Word: The Genesis of the Concept. New York: Oxford University Press.
15. Brace, C. L. (2010) 'Physical' Anthropology at the Turn of the Last Century. In M. A. Little and K. A. R. Kennedy (eds), Histories of American Physical Anthropology in the Twentieth Century (pp.25-53). Lanham MD: Lexington Books.
16. Broberg, G. (1983) Homo sapiens: Linnaeus's Classification of Man. In T. Frängsmyr (ed.), Linnaeus: The Man and His Work (pp.156-194). Berkeley: University of California Press.
17. Brues, A. M. (1954) Selection and Polymorphism in the ABO Blood Groups. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 12: 559-597.
18. Buikstra, J. E., and Beck, L. A. (eds) (2006) Bioarchaeology: The Contextual Analysis of Human Remains. Burlington MA: Academic Press.
19. Burns, W. E. (2003) Science in the Enlightenment: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
20. Cann, R. L., Stoneking, M., Wilson, A. C. (1987) Mitochondrial DNA and Human Evolution. Nature 325: 31-36.
21. Carpenter, C. R. (1964) Naturalistic Behavior of Nonhuman Primates. University Park PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
22. Cartmill, M. (1998) The Status of the Race Concept in Physical Anthropology. American Anthropologist 100: 651-660.
23. Cole, D. (1999) Franz Boas, The Early Years: 1858-1906. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
24. Collins, K. J., and Weiner, J. S. (1977) Human Adaptability: A History and Compendium of Research. London: Taylor and Francis.
25. Comas, J. (1969) Historia Sumaria de la Asociación Americana de Antropólogos Físicos (1928-1968). Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.
26. Coon, C. S. (1962) The Origin of Races. New York: Knopf.
27. Coon, C. S., Garn, S. M., and Birdsell, J. B. (1950) Races: A Study of the Problems of Race Formation in Man. Springfield IL: C. C. Thomas.
28. Cowlishaw, G., and Dunbar, R. (2000) Primate Conservation Biology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
29. Crawford, M. H. (2000) Anthropological Genetics in the Twenty-First Century: Introduction. Human Biology 72: 3-13.
30. Crawford, M. H. (2004) History of Human Biology (1929-2004). Human Biology 76: 805-815.
31. Dart, R. (1925) Australopithecus africanus, the Man-Ape of South Africa. Nature 115: 195-199.
32. Darwin, C. R. (1859) The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. London: John Murray.
33. Degler, C. N. (1991) In Search of Human Nature: The Decline and Revival of Darwinism in American Social Thought. New York: Oxford University Press.
34. Dirkmaat, D. C., Cabo, L. L., Ousley, S. D., and Symes, S. (2008) New Perspectives in Forensic Anthropology. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 51: 33-52.
35. Erikson, G. E. (1981) Adolph Hans Schultz, 1981-1976. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 56: 365-371.
36. Eveleth, P. B., and Tanner, J. M. (eds) (1976) Worldwide Variation in Human Growth. International Biological Programme 8. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37. Fleagle, J., and Hartwig, W. C. (1997) Paleoprimatology. In F. Spencer (ed.), History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia, 2 vols (pp.796-808). New York: Garland. Garn, S. M. (1961) Human Races. Springfield IL: C. C. Thomas.
38. Garn, S. M. (1981) The Growth of Growth. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 56: 521-530.
39. Gould, S. J. (1996) The Mismeasure of Man, Revised and Expanded. New York: Norton.
40. Gregory, W. K. (1919) The Galton Society for the Study of the Origin and Evolution of Man. Science 49: 267-268.
41. Haraway, D. J. (1988) Remodelling the Human Way of Life: Sherwood Washburn and the New Physical Anthropology, 1950-1980. In G. W. Stocking, Jr (ed.), Bones, Bodies, Behavior: Essays on Biological Anthropology (pp.206-259). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
42. Harrison, F. V. (ed.), 1998 Contemporary Issues Forum: Race and Racism. American Anthropologist 100: 607-715.
43. Harrison, G. A., Weiner, J. S., Tanner, J. M., and Barnicot, N. A. (1964) Human Biology: An Introduction to Human Evolution, Variation, and Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
44. Hooton, E. A. (1930) The Indians of Pecos Pueblo: A Study of Their Skeletal Remains. New Haven: Yale University Press.
45. Hooton, E. A. (1942) Man's Poor Relations. New York: Doubleday.
46. Hooton, E. A. (1954) The Importance of Primate Studies to Anthropology. Human Biology 26: 179-188.
47. Hrdlička, A. (1912). Early Man in South America (in collaboration with W. H. Holmes, B. Willis, F. E. Wright, and C. N. Fenner). Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology No. 102: 1-405. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution.
48. Hrdlička, A. (1919) Physical Anthropology: Its Scope and Aims; Its History and Present Status in the United States. Philadelphia: Wistar Institute.
49. Hrdlička, A. (1927) The Neanderthal Phase of Man. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 57: 249-274. (The Thomas Huxley Memorial Lecture, 1926.)
50. Huxley, T. H. (1863) Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature. London: Williams and Norgate.
51. Kelley, E. A., and Sussman, R. W. (2007) An Academic Genealogy on the History of American Field Primatology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132: 406-425.
52. Kern, K. F. (2006) T. Wingate Todd: Pioneer of Modern American Physical Anthropology. Kirtlandia (Cleveland) 55: 1-42.
53. Kingsland, S. (1984) Raymond Pearl: On the Frontier in the 1920s. Raymond Pearl Memorial Lecture, 1983. Human Biology 56: 1-18.
54. Krogman, W. M. (1939) A Guide to the Identification of Human Skeletal Material. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 3: 3-31.
55. Krogman, W. M. (1962) The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine. Springfield IL: Thomas.
56. Larsen, C. S. (1997) Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
57. Larsen, C. S. (n.d.) History of Paleopathology in the American Southeast: From Pox to Population. In J. E. Buikstra and C. A. Roberts (eds), A History of Paleopathology.
58. Little, M. A. (2010) Franz Boas's place in American Physical Anthropology and Its Institutions. In M. A. Little and K. A. R. Kennedy (eds), Histories of American Physical Anthropology in the Twentieth Century (pp.58-85). Lanham MD: Lexington Books.
59. Little, M. A., and James, G. D. (2005) A Brief History of the Human Biology Association: 1974-2004. American Journal of Human Biology 17: 41-154.
60. Little, M. A., and Kaplan, B. A. (2010) The Post-War years: The Yearbook of Physical Anthropology and the Summer Seminars. In M. A. Little and K. A. R. Kennedy (eds), Histories of American Physical Anthropology in the Twentieth Century (pp.155-172). Lanham MD: Lexington Books.
61. Little, M. A., Buikstra, J., and Spencer, F. (1995) The Records of Biological Anthropology. In S. Silverman and N. J. Parezo (eds), Preserving the Anthropological Record, 2nd edn (pp.107-121). New York: Wenner-Gren Foundation.
62. Little, M. A., Leslie, P. W., and Baker, P. B. (1997) Multidisciplinary Research of Human Biology and Behavior. In F. Spencer (ed.), History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia (pp.695-701). New York: Garland.
63. Livingstone, F. B. (1958) Anthropological Implications of the Sickle Cell Gene Distribution in West Africa. American Anthropologist 60: 533-562.
64. Lovejoy, C. O., Mensforth, R. P., and Armelagos, G. J. (1982) Five Decades of Skeletal Biology as Reflected in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. In F. Spencer (ed.), A History of American Physical Anthropology, 1930-1980 (pp.329-336). New York: Academic Press.
65. Mai, L. L., Shanklin, E., and Sussman, R. W. (eds) (1981) The Perception of Evolution: Essays Honoring Joseph B. Birdsell. Los Angeles: UCLA Publication Services.
66. Marks, J. (1997) Eugenics. In F. Spencer (ed.), History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia, 2 vols (pp.362-366). New York: Garland.
67. Marks, J. (2010) The Two Twentieth Century Crises of Racial Anthropology. In M. A. Little and K. A. R. Kennedy (eds), Histories of American Physical Anthropology in the Twentieth Century (pp.187-206). Lanham MD: Lexington Books.
68. Martin, R. (1914) Lehrbuch der Anthropologie in systematischer Darstellung: Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der anthropologischen Methoden: Für Studierende, Ärzte, und Forschungreisende. Jena: Fischer.
69. Massin, B. (1996) From Virchow to Fischer: Physical Anthropology and 'Modern Race Theories' in Wilhelmine Germany. In G. W. Stocking, Jr (ed.), Volksgeist as Method and Ethic: Essays on Boasian Ethnography and the German Anthropological Tradition (pp.79-154). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
70. Mielke, J. H., Konigsberg, L. W., and Relethford, J. H. (2006) Human Biological Variation. New York: Oxford University Press.
71. Montagu, A. (1942) Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race. New York: Columbia University Press.
72. Montagu, A. (1961) UNESCO Statements on Race. Science 133: 1632-1633.
73. Morton, S. G. (1839) Crania Americana: or, a Comparative View of the Skulls of Various Aboriginal Nations of North and South America; to which Is Prefixed an Essay on the Varieties of the Human Species. Philadelphia: J. Dobson.
74. Neel, J. V., and Salzano, F. (1966) A Prospectus for Genetic Studies on the American Indian. In P. T. Baker and J. S. Weiner (eds), The Biology of Human Adaptabilty (pp.245-274). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
75. Osborne, R. H., and Osborne, B. T. (1999) The History of the Journal Social Biology, 1954 (Vol. 1) Through 1999 (Vol. 46). Social Biology 46: 164-178.
76. Proctor, R. (1988) From Anthropologie to Rassenkunde in the German Anthropological Tradition. In G. W. Stocking, Jr (ed.), Bones, Bodies, Behavior: Essays on Biological Anthropology (pp.138-179). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
77. Relethford, J. H. (2010) Race and the Conflicts within the Profession of Physical Anthropology during the 1950s and 1960s. In M. A. Little and K. A. R. Kennedy (eds), Histories of American Physical Anthropology in the Twentieth Century (pp.207-219). Lanham MD: Lexington Books.
78. Ribnick, R. (1982) A Short History of Primate Field Studies: Old World Monkeys and Apes. In F. Spencer (ed.), A History of American Physical Anthropology, 1930-1980 (pp.49-73). New York: Academic Press.
79. Shapiro, H. L. (1959) The History and Development of Physical Anthropology. American Anthropologist 61: 371-379.
80. Shipman, P. (1994) The Evolution of Racism: Human Differences and the Use and Abuse of Science. New York: Simon and Schuster.
81. Spencer, F. (1981). The Rise of Academic Physical Anthropology in the United States (1880-1980); A Historical Overview. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 56: 353-364.
82. Spencer, F. (1982a) Introduction. In F. Spencer (ed.), A History of American Physical Anthropology, 1930-1980 (pp.1-10). New York: Academic Press.
83. Spencer, F. (ed.) (1982b) A History of American Physical Anthropology, 1930-1980. New York: Academic Press.
84. Spencer, F. (1997a) Broca, Paul (Pierre) (1824-1880). In F. Spencer (ed.), History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia, 2 vols (pp.221-222). New York: Garland.
85. Spencer, F. (1997b) Germany. In F. Spencer (ed.), History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia, 2 vols (pp.423-434). New York: Garland.
86. Spencer, F. (1997c) Keith, (Sir) Arthur (1866-1955). In F. Spencer (ed.), History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia, 2 vols (pp.560-562). New York: Garland.
87. Spencer, F. (1997d) Manouvrier, Léonce-Pierre (1850-1927). In F. Spencer (ed.), History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia, 2 vols (pp.642-643). New York: Garland.
88. Spencer, F. (ed.) (1997e) History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia, 2 vols. New York: Garland.
89. Spencer, F., and Smith, F. H. (1981) The Significance of Aleš Hrdlička's 'Neanderthal Phase of Man': A Historical and Current Assessment. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 56: 435-459.
90. Spuhler, J. N. (1951) Some Genetic Variations in American Indians. In W. S. Laughlin (ed.), The Physical Anthropology of the American Indian (pp.177-202). New York: Viking Fund.
91. Stewart, T. D. (1981) Aleš Hrdlička, 1869-1943. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 56: 347-351.
92. Stini, W. A. (2010) Sherwood L. Washburn and the 'New Physical Anthropology.' In M. A. Little and K. A. R. Kennedy (eds), Histories of American Physical Anthropology in the Twentieth Century (pp.173-185). Lanham MD: Lexington Books.
93. Stocking, G. W., Jr (1987) Victorian Anthropology. New York: The Free Press.
94. Stocking, G. W., Jr (1988) Bones, Bodies, Behavior. In G. W. Stocking, Jr (ed.), Bones, Bodies, Behavior: Essays on Biological Anthropology (pp.3-17). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
95. Sussman, R. W. (1997) Primate Field Studies. In F. Spencer (ed.), History of Physical Anthropology: An Encyclopedia, 2 vols (pp.842-848). New York: Garland.
96. Sussman, R. W. (2000) Piltdown Man: The Father of American Field Primatology. In S. C. Strum and L. F. Fedigan (eds), Primate Encounters: Models of Science, Gender, and Society (pp.85-103). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
97. Sussman, R. W. (2007) A Brief History of Primate Field Studies. In C. J. Campbell, A. Fuentes, K. MacKinnon, M. Panger, and S. K. Bearder (eds), Primates in Perspective (pp.6-10). New York: Oxford University Press.
98. Tanner, J. M. (1981) A History of the Study of Human Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
99. Tanner, J. M. (1999) The Growth and Development of the Annals of Human Biology: A 25-Year Retrospective. Annals of Human Biology 26: 3-18.
100. Thompson, D. D. (1982) Forensic Anthropology. In F. Spencer (ed.), A History of American Physical Anthropology, 1930-1980 (pp.357-369). New York: Academic Press.
101. Ubelaker, D. H. (1982) The Development of American Paleopathology. In F. Spencer (ed.), A History of American Physical Anthropology, 1930-1980 (pp.337-356). New York: Academic Press.
102. Vayda, A. P., and Rappaport, R. A. (1968) Ecology, Cultural and Noncultural. In J. A. Clifton (ed.), Introduction to Cultural Anthropology: Essays in the Scope and Methods of the Science of Man (pp.476-497). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
103. Warren, K. B. (ed.) (1951) Origin and Evolution of Man. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Vol. 15. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: The Biological Laboratory.
104. Washburn, S. L. (1951) The New Physical Anthropology. Transactions of the New York Academy of Science 13: 298-304.
105. Washburn, S. L. (1953) The Strategy of Physical Anthropology. In A. L. Kroeber (ed.), Anthropology Today: An Encyclopedic Inventory (pp.714-727). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
106. Washburn, S. L. (1984) Review of A History of Physical Anthropology: 1930-1980, edited by Frank Spencer, Academic Press, New York, 1982. Human Biology 56: 393-410.
107. Washburn, S. L., and DeVore, I. (1961) The Social Life of Baboons. Scientific American 204 (6): 63-71.
108. Weiner, J. S. (1955) The Piltdown Forgery. London: Oxford University Press.
109. Weiner, J. S. (1965) International Biological Programme Guide to the Human Adaptability Proposals. London: International Council of Scientific Unions, Special Committee for the IBP.
110. Weiner, J. S. (1977) History of the Human Adaptability Section. In K. J. Collins and J. S. Weiner (eds), Human Adaptability: A History and Compendium of Research (pp.1-31). London: Taylor and Francis.
111. Weiss, K. M., and Chakraborty, R. (1982) Genes, Populations, and Disease, 1930-1980: A Problem-Oriented Review. In F. Spencer (ed.), A History of American Physical Anthropology, 1930-1980 (pp.371-404). New York: Academic Press.
112. Wolfheim, J. H. (1983) Primates of the World: Distribution, Abundance, and Conservation. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
113. Yerkes, R. M., and Yerkes, A. W. (1929) The Great Apes. New Haven: Yale University Press.
114. Zuckerman, S. (1932) The Social Life of Monkeys and Apes. New York: Harcourt, Brace.