The effect of foot strike pattern on achilles tendon load during running

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

Volumn 41, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 1758-1766

  Almonroeder, Thomas ^a   Willson, John D ^b   Kernozek, Thomas W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN LA CROSSE   (United States)

^b EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Barefoot; Gastrocnemius; Muscle force; Soleus

Indexed keywords

ACHILLES TENDONS; BAREFOOT; GASTROCNEMIUS; LOADING PARAMETERS; MUSCLE FORCE; MUSCLE MODELING; SOLEUS; TRAINING PROGRAM;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; MUSCLE; TENDONS;

LOADING;

ACHILLES TENDON; ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOOT; GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE; GROUND REACTION FORCE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LEG MOVEMENT; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM PARAMETERS; NON REARFOOT STRIKE; NORMAL HUMAN; ORTHOPEDIC SOFTWARE; REARFOOT STRIKE; RUNNING; SHOE; SOLEUS MUSCLE; STANDING; TIBIALIS ANTERIOR MUSCLE; TRAINING; ADAPTATION; ADOLESCENT; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; MALE; MECHANICAL STRESS; PHYSIOLOGY; TENSILE STRENGTH; WEIGHT BEARING;

ACHILLES TENDON; ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COMPUTER SIMULATION; FOOT; HUMANS; MALE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; RUNNING; STRESS, MECHANICAL; TENSILE STRENGTH; WEIGHT-BEARING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84886800579     PISSN: 00906964     EISSN: 15739686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0819-1     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. 2010 Participation - Ranked by Total Participation. National Sporting Goods Association. Website. Available at http://www.nsga.org/i4a/pages/index. cfm?pageid=3482.
2. Altman, A. R., and I. S. Davis. A kinematic method for footstrike pattern detection in barefoot and shod runners. Gait Posture 35:298-300, 2012.
3. Anderson, F. C., and M. G. Pandy. Dynamic optimization of human walking. J. Biomech. Eng. 123:381-390, 2001. (Pubitemid 32938934)
4. Bisseling, R. W., and A. L. Hof. Handling of impact forces in inverse dynamics. J. Biomech. 39:2438-2444, 2006. (Pubitemid 44333088)
5. Cavanagh, P. R., and M. A. Lafortune. Ground reaction forces in distance running. J. Biomech. 13:397-406, 1980. (Pubitemid 10105606)
6. Crowninshield, R. D., and M. H. Pope. The strength and failure characteristics of rat medial collateral ligaments. J. Trauma 16:99-105, 1976.
7. Daoud, A. I., G. J. Giessler, F. Wang, J. Saretsky, and Y. A. Daoud. Foot strike and injury rates in endurance runners: a retrospective study. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 44:1325-1334, 2012.
8. Delp, S. L., F. C. Anderson, A. S. Arnold, P. Loan, A. Habib, C. T. John, E. Guendelman, and D. G. Thelen. OpenSim: open-source software to create and analyze dynamic simulations of movement. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 54:1940-1950, 2007. (Pubitemid 350006059)
9. Delp, S. L., J. P. Loan, M. G. Hoy, F. E. Zajac, E. L. Topp, and J. M. Rosen. An interactive graphics-based model of the lower extremity to study orthopaedic surgical procedures. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 37:757-767, 1990. (Pubitemid 20324141)
10. Divert, C., G. Mornieux, H. Baur, F. Mayer, and A. Belli. Mechanical comparison of barefoot and shod running. Int. J. Sports Med. 26:593-598, 2005. (Pubitemid 41291183)
11. Edwards, W. B., J. C. Gillette, J. M. Thomas, and T. R. Derrick. Internal femoral forces and moments during running: Implications for stress fracture development. Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon) 23:1269-1278, 2008.
12. Giddings, V. L., G. S. Beaupre, R. T. Whalen, and D. R. Carter. Calcaneal loading during walking and running. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 32:627-634, 2000. (Pubitemid 30158335)
13. Goss, D. L., and M. T. Gross. Relationships among self-reported shoe type, footstrike pattern, and injury incidence. US Army Med. Dep. J. Oct-Dec:25-30, 2012.
14. Hardin, E. C., A. J. van den Bogert, and J. Hamill. Kinematic adaptations during running: effects of footwear, surface, and duration. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 36:838-844, 2004. (Pubitemid 38596390)
15. Hasegawa, H., T. Yamauchi, and W. J. Kraemer. Foot strike patterns of runners at the 15-km point during an elite-level half marathon. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21:888-893, 2007.
16. Hatala, K. G., H. L. Dingwall, R. E. Wunderlich, and B. G. Richmond. Variation in foot strike patterns during running among habitually barefoot populations. PLoS ONE 8:e52548, 2013.
17. Hof, A. L., J. P. Van Zandwijk, and M. F. Bobbert. Mechanics of human triceps surae muscle in walking, running and jumping. Acta Physiol. Scand. 174:17-30, 2002. (Pubitemid 34122097)
18. Kirkendall, D. T., and W. E. Garrett. Function and biomechanics of tendons. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 7:62-66, 1997. (Pubitemid 127521852)
19. Komi, P. V. Relevance of in vivo force measurements to human biomechanics. J. Biomech. 23:23-34, 1990.
20. Larson, P., E. Higgins, J. Kaminski, T. Decker, J. Preble, D. Lyons, K. McIntyre, and A. Normile. Foot strike patterns of recreational and sub-elite runners in a long-distance road race. J. Sports Sci. 29:1665-1673, 2011.
21. Lieberman, D. E., V. Madhusudhan, W. A. Werbel, A. I. Daoud, S. D'Andrea, I. S. Davis, R. O. Mang'eni, and Y. Pitsiladis. Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners. Nature 463:531-535, 2010.
22. Magnusson, S. P., H. Langberg, and M. Kjaer. The pathogenesis of tendinopathy: balancing the response to loading. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 6:262-268, 2010.
23. Micheli, L. J. Lower extremity overuse injuries. Acta Med Scand. 711:171-177, 1986. (Pubitemid 16008736)
24. Miller, B. F., M. Hansen, J. L. Olesen, P. Schwarz, J. A. Babraj, K. Smith, M. J. Rennie, and M. Kjaer. Tendon collagen synthesis at rest and after exercise in women. J. Appl. Physiol. 102:541-546, 2007. (Pubitemid 46220881)
25. Milner, C. E., R. Ferber, C. D. Pollard, J. Hamill, and I. S. Davis. Biomechanical factors associated with tibial stress fracture in female runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 38:323-328, 2006. (Pubitemid 43271585)
26. Moore, J. S. Function, structure, and responses of components of the muscle-tendon unit. Occup. Med. 7:713-740, 1992.
27. Noyes, F. R., J. L. DeLucas, and P. J. Torvik. Biomechanics of anterior cruciate ligament failure: an analysis of stress-rate sensitivity and mechanisms of failure in primates. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 56:236-253, 1973.
28. Oakley, T., and D. J. Pratt. Skeletal transients during heel and toe strike running and the effectiveness of some materials in their attenuation. Clin. Biomech. 3:159-165, 1988.
29. Perl, D. P., A. I. Daoud, and D. E. Lieberman. Effects of footwear and strike type on running economy. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 44:1335-1342, 2012.
30. Pohl, M. B., J. Hamill, and I. S. Davis. Biomechanical and anatomic factors associated with a history of plantar fasciitis in female runners. Clin. J. Sport Med. 19:372-376, 2009.
31. Robbins, S. E., and G. J. Gouw. Athletic footwear and chronic overloading. A brief review. Sports Med. 9:76-85, 1990. (Pubitemid 20140266)
32. Robbins, S. E., G. J. Gouw, and A. M. Hanna. Running-related injury prevention through innate impact-moderating behavior. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 21:130-139, 1989. (Pubitemid 19101577)
33. Robbins, S. E., and A. M. Hanna. Running-related injury prevention through barefoot adaptations. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 19:148-156, 1987. (Pubitemid 17058237)
34. Rothschild, C. E. Primitive running: a survey analysis of runners' interest, participation, and implementation. J. Strength Cond. Res. 26:2021-2026, 2012.
35. Scott, S. H., and D. A. Winter. Internal forces at chronic running injury sites. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 22:357-369, 1990. (Pubitemid 20202808)
36. Shih, Y., K. L. Lin, and T. Y. Shiang. Is the foot striking pattern more important than barefoot or shod conditions in running? Gait Posture, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.01.030.
37. Taunton, J. E., M. B. Ryan, D. B. Clement, D. C. McKenzie, D. R. Lloyd-Smith, and B. D. Zumbo. A prospective study of running injuries: the Vancouver Sun Run "In Training" clinics. Br. J. Sports Med. 37:239-244, 2003. (Pubitemid 36713714)
38. Thelen, D. G., and F. C. Anderson. Using computed muscle control to generate forward dynamic simulations of human walking from experimental data. J. Biomech. 39:1107-1115, 2006.
39. Thelen, D. G., F. C. Anderson, and S. L. Delp. Generating dynamic simulations of movement using computed muscle control. J. Biomech. 36:321-328, 2003. (Pubitemid 36197670)
40. von Tscharner, V., B. Goepfert, and B. M. Nigg. Changes in EMG signals for the muscle tibialis anterior while running barefoot or with shoes resolved by non-linearly scaled wavelets. J. Biomech. 36:1169-1176, 2003. (Pubitemid 36794114)
41. Welsh, R. P., I. Macnab, and V. Riley. Biomechanical studies of rabbit tendon. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 81:171-177, 1971.
42. Westh, E., M. Kongsgaard, J. Bojsen-Moller, P. Aagaard, M. Hansen, M. Kjaer, and S. P. Magnusson. Effect of habitual exercise on the structural and mechanical properties of the human tendon, in vivo, in men and women. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 18:23-30, 2008.
43. Yu, W. D., V. Panossian, J. D. Hatch, S. H. Liu, and G. A. Finerman. Combined effects of estrogen and progesterone on the anterior cruciate ligament. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 383:268-281, 2001. (Pubitemid 32126172)
44. Zajac, F. E. Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 17:359-411, 1989.