The financial burden of attending university in Georgia: Implications for rural students

Prospects

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 311-328

  Chankseliani, Maia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Access to higher education; Georgia; Higher education financing; Inequality; Mixed methods; Public funding; Quality of education; Rural students

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886753208     PISSN: 00331538     EISSN: 15739090     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11125-013-9274-x     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. ADB [Asian Development Bank] (2007). Country economic report: Georgia. Manila: ADB.
2. Alon, S. (2011). The diversity dividends of a need-blind and color-blind affirmative action policy. Social Science Research, 40, 1494-1505.
3. ARC [Applied Research Company] (2011). Empirical study of the market for school textbooks and National Curriculum and Assessment Centre's educational resources. Tbilisi: ARC.
4. Avery, C., & Hoxby, C. (2003). Do and should financial aid packages affect students' college choices? Working Paper No. 9482. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www. nber. org/papers/w9482.
5. Ayalon, H., Grodsky, E., Gamoran, A., & Yogev, A. (2008). Diversification and inequality in higher education: A comparison of Israel and the United States. Sociology of Education, 81(3), 211-241. doi: 10. 1177/003804070808100301.
6. Ayalon, H., & Shavit, Y. (2004). Educational reforms and inequalities in Israel: The MMI Hypothesis revisited. Sociology of Education, 77(2), 103.
7. Berryman, S. (2000). Hidden challenges to education systems in transition economies. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://lnweb90. worldbank. org/eca/eca. nsf/Attachments/Hidden+Challenges+to+Education/$File/ECA. layout. pdf.
8. Black, D., & Smith, J. (2004). How robust is the evidence on the effects of college quality? Evidence from matching. Journal of Econometrics, 121(1-2), 99-124. doi: 16/j. jeconom. 2003. 10. 006.
9. Bound, J., & Turner, S. (2007). Cohort crowding: How resources affect collegiate attainment. Journal of Public Economics, 91(5-6), 877-899.
10. Brand, J., & Halaby, C. (2006). Regression and matching estimates of the effects of elite college attendance on educational and career achievement. Social Science Research, 35(3), 749-770.
11. Brint, S., & Karabel, J. (1989). The diverted dream: Community colleges and the promise of educational opportunity in America, 1900-1985. New York: Oxford University Press. http://www. eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=ED309827.
12. Calero, J. (1998). Quasi-market reforms and equity in the financing of higher education. European Journal of Education, 33(1), 11-20.
13. Callender, C., & Jackson, J. (2005). Does the fear of debt deter students from higher education? Journal of Social Policy, 34(04), 509-540. doi: 10. 1017/S004727940500913X.
14. Carnevale, A., & Rose, S. (2003). Socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and selective college admissions. New York: Century Foundation.
15. Chankseliani, M. (2009). Procrustean decisions in higher education admissions: The case of Georgia. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag. http://www. bod. de/index. php?id=1132&objk_id=245601.
16. Chankseliani, M. (2013a). Higher education access in Post-Soviet Georgia: Overcoming a legacy of corruption. In H. D. Meyer, E. P. St. John, M. Chankseliani, & L. Uribe (Eds.), Fairness in access to higher education in a global perspective: Reconciling excellence, efficiency, and justice (pp. 171-187). Rotterdam: SENSE.
17. Chankseliani, M. (2013b). Rural disadvantage in Georgian higher education admissions: A mixed-methods study. Comparative Education Review. http://www. jstor. org/stable/compeducrevi. ahead-of-print.
18. Chevalier, A., & Conlon, G. (2003). Does it pay to attend a prestigious university? London: Centre for the Economics of Education, London School of Economics and Political Science. http://eprints. lse. ac. uk/19477/1/Does_it_pay_to_attend_a_prestigious_university. pdf.
19. Colclough, C. (1991). Who should learn to pay? An assessment of neo-liberal approaches to education policy. In C. Colclough & J. Manor (Eds.), States or markets? Neo-liberalism and the development policy debate (pp. 197-213). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
20. Colclough, C. (1997). Education, health, and the market: An introduction. In C. Colclough (Ed.), Marketizing education and health in developing countries: Miracle or mirage? (pp. 3-36). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
21. de Waal, T. (2011). Georgia's choices: Charting a future in uncertain times. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment. http://carnegieendowment. org/publications/index. cfm?fa=view&id=44553.
22. Dynarski, S., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2006). The cost of complexity in federal student aid: Lessons from optimal tax theory and behavioral economics. National Tax Journal, 59(2), 319-356.
23. Forseth, A., & Furlong, A. (2000). Socioeconomic disadvantage and access to higher education. York, England: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. http://www. jrf. org. uk/publications/socioeconomic-disadvantage-and-access-higher-education.
24. Foster, P. (1977). Education and social differentiation in less developed countries. Comparative Education Review, 21(2/3), 211-229.
25. Geostat [National Statistics Office] (2007). Data on subsistence minimum. Tbilisi: Geostat. http://geostat. ge/index. php?action=page&p_id=179&lang=eng.
26. GeoStat [National Statistics Office] (2009). Statistical yearbook of Georgia 2009. Tbilisi: Geostat. www. geostat. ge.
27. Godfrey, M. (2007). Georgia: Education policy note. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://www. educationfasttrack. org/epdf/uploads/96.
28. Government of Georgia (2007). Ordinance 246. Tbilisi: Government of Georgia. http://www. government. gov. ge/index. php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=95&info_id=2534.
29. Griffith, A., & Rothstein, D. (2009). Can't get there from here: The decision to apply to a selective college. Economics of Education Review, 28(5), 620-628. http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0272775709000259.
30. Hannum, E., & Wang, M. (2006). Geography and educational inequality in China. China Economic Review, 17, 253-265.
31. Hauptman, A., Barkhudaryan, L., & Balasanyan, S. (2011). Reforming higher education financing in Armenia. International Higher Education, 65, 24-25.
32. Henry, C., Sharma, M., Lapenu, C., & Zeller, M. (2003). Microfinance poverty assessment tool. Washington DC: World Bank Publications.
33. Ivaschenko, O., & Posarac, A. (2008). Georgia poverty assessment. Report no. 44400-GE. Washington, DC: World Bank Human Development Sector Unit, South Caucasus Country Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region.
34. Jacob, J. W. (2007). Social justice in Chinese higher education: Regional issues of equity and access. International Review of Education, 52(1), 149-169.
35. Kanbur, R., & Venables, A. (2005). Spatial inequality and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
36. Kane, T. (2003). A quasi-experimental estimate of the impact of financial aid on college-going. NBER Working Paper No. 9703. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau for Economic Research. http://www. nber. org/papers/w9703.
37. Konecny, T., & Mateju, P. (2009). Student financing, opportunity growth, and equity in access to higher education. Social Science Electronic Publishing. http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm?abstract_id=1447330.
38. Koucky, J., Bartusek, A., & Kovarovic, J. (2007). Inequality and access to tertiary education: European countries 1950-2005. Adelaide: National Centre for Vocational Education Research. http://www. voced. edu. au/content/ngv50765.
39. Labaree, D. (1997). Public goods, private goods: The American struggle over educational goals. American Educational Research Journal, 34(1), 39-81. doi: 10. 3102/00028312034001039.
40. Law, J., Assenti, S., Barton, G., McKissock, K., Baker, D., Barrow, S., & Cookson, D. (2004). Community legal service: Assessing need for legal advice in Scotland. Edinburgh: The Scottish Executive Social Research. http://scotland. gov. uk/Resource/Doc/25954/0025032. pdf.
41. Lee, W. O. (2002). Equity and access to education: Themes, tensions, and policies. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
42. Levin, H. (1987). Education as a public and private good. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 6(4), 628-641.
43. Liu, C., Zhang, L., Luo, R., Wang, X., Rozelle, S., Sharbono, B., et al. (2011). Early commitment on financial aid and college decision making of poor students: Evidence from a randomized evaluation in rural China. Economics of Education Review, 30(4), 627-640.
44. Lobao, L., Hooks, G., & Tickamyer, A. (Eds.) (2007). The sociology of spatial inequality. Albany: SUNY Press.
45. Long, B. (2004). How have college decisions changed over time? An application of the conditional logistic choice model. Journal of Econometrics, 121(1-2), 271-296.
46. McCowan, T. (2007). Expansion without equity: An analysis of current policy on access to higher education in Brazil. Higher Education, 53(5), 579-598. doi: 10. 1007/s10734-005-0097-4.
47. McPherson, M., & Schapiro, M. (1998). The student aid game: Meeting need and rewarding talent in American higher education. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
48. Meyer, H.-D., St. John, E. P., Chankseliani, M., & Uribe, L. (2013). The crisis of higher education access: A crisis of justice. In H.-D. Meyer, E. P. St. John, M. Chankseliani, & L. Uribe (Eds.), Fairness in access to higher education in a global perspective: Reconciling excellence, efficiency, and justice (pp. 1-9). Rotterdam: SENSE.
49. MoES [Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia] (2008). Evaluation of the student loan programme, Gates of Knowledge. Tbilisi: MoES.
50. MoES [Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia] (2009a). Social grant statistics for 2005-2009. Tbilisi: MoES.
51. MoES [Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia] (2009b). EMIS data on general school pupils. Tbilisi: MoES.
52. Monks, J. (2000). The returns to individual and college characteristics: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Economics of Education Review, 19(3), 279-289.
53. Morley, L., & Aynsley, S. (2007). Employers, quality and standards in higher education: Shared values and vocabularies or elitism and inequalities? Higher Education Quarterly, 61(3), 229-249.
54. Mullen, F. (2010). Barriers to widening access to higher education. Edinburgh: SPICe Information Centre, Scottish Parliament. http://www. scottish. parliament. uk/SPICeResources/Research%20briefings%20and%20fact%20sheets/SB_10-07. pdf.
55. NAEC [National Examinations Center] (2006a). The Unified National Examinations information booklet. Tbilisi: NAEC.
56. NAEC [National Examinations Center] (2006b). The Unified National Examinations 2006. Tbilisi: NAEC.
57. NAEC [National Examinations Center] (2007a). The Unified National Examinations information booklet. Tbilisi: NAEC.
58. NAEC [National Examinations Center] (2007b). The Unified National Examinations 2007. Tbilisi: NAEC.
59. NAEC [National Examinations Center] (2008). United National Examinations information booklet. Tbilisi: NAEC.
60. NAEC [National Examinations Center] (2009a). Unified National Examinations database. Tbilisi: NAEC.
61. NAEC [National Examinations Center] (2009b). Unified National Examinations information booklet. Tbilisi: NAEC.
62. NAEC [National Examinations Center] (2011). Unified National Examinations: Main figures for 2005-2011. Tbilisi: NAEC.
63. OECD (2003). Tertiary-type B education (ISCED 5B). Glossary of statistical terms. Paris: OECD.
64. OECD and World Bank (2009). Tertiary education in Chile: Review of national policies for education. Paris and Washington, DC: OECD and World Bank.
65. Palacios, M., & Lleras, M. (2004). Investing in human capital: A capital markets approach to student funding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
66. Parliament of Georgia (2004). Georgian law on higher education. Parliament of Georgia. http://www. mes. gov. ge/content. php?id=193&module=legislation&page=detals&leg_id=64.
67. Perkins, G. (1998). The Georgian education system: Issues for reform management. Background paper for 1998 Georgia Education Sector Strategy Note. Washington DC: World Bank.
68. Psacharopoulos, G. (1988). Education and development: A review. World Bank Research Observer, 3(1), 99-116. doi: 10. 1093/wbro/3. 1. 99.
69. Ranson, K., Sinha, T., Chatterjee, M., Acharya, A., Bhavsar, A., Morris, S., et al. (2006). Making health insurance work for the poor: Learning from the Self-Employed Women's Association's (SEWA) community-based health insurance scheme in India. Social Science & Medicine, 62(3), 707-720.
70. Rivera, L. (2011). Ivies, extracurriculars, and exclusion: Elite employers' use of educational credentials. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 29, 71-90.
71. Santiago, P., Tremblay, K., Basri, E., & Arnal E. (2008). Tertiary education for the knowledge society: OECD thematic review of tertiary education, vol. 2. Paris: OECD. http://oecd-conference-teks. iscte. pt/downloads/OECD_vol2. pdf.
72. Shapiro, M., Nakata, S., Chakhaia, L., Zhvania, E., Babunashvili, G., Pruidze, N., et al. (2007). Evaluation of the Ilia Chavchavadze Program in Reforming and Strengthening Georgia's Schools. Tokyo: Padeco.
73. St. John, E., Chung, C., Musoba, G., Simmons, A., Wooden, O., & Mendez, J. (2004). Expanding college access: The impact of state finance strategies. ERIC document no. ED484236. Indianapolis: Lumina Foundation.
74. Sutton Trust (2008). Knowing where to study? Fees, bursaries and fair access. London: Sutton Trust. http://www. suttontrust. com/research/knowing-where-to-study/.
75. TFRD [Task Force for Regional Development] (2009). Poverty reduction and employment: Diagnostic report. Tbilisi: TFRD. http://www. eui. eu/Personal/Researchers/AlexiGugushvili/N3_%20Diagn_Redaqt_Moxseneba_Eng_14. 04. 09. pdf.
76. Tilak, J. (2008). Higher education: A public good or a commodity for trade? Prospects, 38(4), 449-466. doi: 10. 1007/s11125-009-9093-2.
77. TPDC [Teacher Professional Development Center] (2008). Required and expected quantities of general school teachers in Georgia. Tbilisi: TPDC.
78. Turley, R. (2009). College proximity: Mapping access to opportunity. Sociology of Education, 82(2), 126-146. doi: 10. 1177/003804070908200202.
79. UNDP (2011). Beyond transition: Towards inclusive societies. ECIS regional human development report. Bratislava: UNDP, Regional Bureau for Europe and the CIS. http://www. undp. org. pl/eng/About-us/Library/Regional-Human-Development-Report-Beyond-transition-towards-inclusive-societies.
80. UNESCO (2005). EFA global monitoring report: The quality imperative. Regional Overview. Paris: UNESCO. http://portal. unesco. org/education/en/ev. php-URL_ID=36028&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201. html.
81. UNESCO (2009). Global education digest 2009: Comparing education statistics across the world. Montreal: UNESCO Institute of Statistics. http://unesdoc. unesco. org/images/0018/001832/183249e. pdf.
82. UNESCO (2011). Revision of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). http://www. uis. unesco. org/Education/Pages/international-standard-classification-of-education. aspx.
83. Vinke, C., & Lonergan, S. (2011). Social and environmental risk factors for trachoma: A mixed methods approach in the Kembata Zone of southern Ethiopia. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 32(3), 254-268.
84. Voicu, B., & Vasile, M. (2010). Rural-urban inequalities and expansion of tertiary education in Romania. Journal of Social Research & Policy, 1(1), 5-24.
85. Vossensteyn, H. (2009). Challenges in student financing: State financial support to students - A worldwide perspective. Higher Education in Europe, 34(2), 171. doi: 10. 1080/03797720902867294.
86. Warhurst, C., Commander, J., Nickson, D., Symeonides, A., Furlong, A., Findlay, J., Wilson, F., & Hurrell, S. (2009). Higher and further education: Students' income, expenditure and debt in Scotland 2007-08. Edinburgh: Scottish Government. http://www. scotland. gov. uk/Publications/2009/06/24115743/0.
87. Wolanin, T. (2002, summer). Means testing in developing countries. International Higher Education (28). https://htmldbprod. bc. edu/pls/htmldb/f?p=2290: 4: 435847516037581:: NO: RP, 4: P0_CONTENT_ID: 101008.
88. World Bank (2009). Concept note on equity and access to tertiary education. Washington, DC: World Bank.
89. World Bank (2010). Tertiary enrolment data. http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/SE. TER. ENRR.
90. Yang, X. (2010). Access to higher education for rural-poor students in China. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 9(3), 193-209. doi: 10. 1007/s10671-010-9084-3.
91. Zhang, Y. (2006). Urban-rural literacy gaps in sub-Saharan Africa: The roles of socioeconomic status and school quality. Comparative Education Review, 50(4), 581-602.
92. Zhang, H., & Cowen, D. (2009). Mapping academic achievement and public school choice under the No Child Left Behind legislation. Southeastern Geographer, 49(1), 24-40.
93. Ziderman, A., & Albrecht, D. (1995). Financing universities in developing countries. Washington, DC: Falmer Press.