메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1551-1563

Strategies for delivering local anesthetics to the skin: Focus on liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels and patches

Author keywords

Hydrogels; Lipid nanoparticles; Liposomes; Local anesthetics; Patches; Skin.

Indexed keywords

BENZOCAINE; BUPIVACAINE; BUTYLCAINE; EMLA; LIDOCAINE; LIDOCAINE PLUS TETRACAINE; LIPOSOME; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; MEPIVACAINE; OXYBUPROCAINE; PENETRATION ENHANCING AGENT; PLACEBO; POLYETHERURETHAN; PRAMOCAINE; PROXYMETACAINE; ROPIVACAINE; SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLE;

EID: 84886615915     PISSN: 17425247     EISSN: 17447593     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.828031     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (61)

References (118)
  • 1
    • 0028631097 scopus 로고
    • Topical anesthesia: Differentiating the pharmacological and psychological contributions to efficacy
    • Martin MD, Ramsay DS, Whitney C, et al. Topical anesthesia: differentiating the pharmacological and psychological contributions to efficacy. Anesth Prog 1994;41:40-7
    • (1994) Anesth Prog , vol.41 , pp. 40-47
    • Martin, M.D.1    Ramsay, D.S.2    Whitney, C.3
  • 2
    • 77953989192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of topical as only anesthetic for suturing a traumatic facial laceration
    • Musawi AA, Andersson L. Use of topical as only anesthetic for suturing a traumatic facial laceration. Dent Traumatol 2010;26:292-3
    • (2010) Dent Traumatol , vol.26 , pp. 292-293
    • Musawi, A.A.1    Andersson, L.2
  • 3
    • 0033400134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of the efficacy of four topical anesthetics
    • Friedman PM, Fogelman JP, Nomi K, et al. Comparative study of the efficacy of four topical anesthetics. Dermatol Surg 1999;25:950-4
    • (1999) Dermatol Surg , vol.25 , pp. 950-954
    • Friedman, P.M.1    Fogelman, J.P.2    Nomi, K.3
  • 4
    • 0035660970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical anesthetics update: Padula EMLA and beyond
    • Friedman PM, Mafong EA, Friedman ES, et al. Topical anesthetics update:padula EMLA and beyond. Dermatol Surg 2001;27:1019-26
    • (2001) Dermatol Surg , vol.27 , pp. 1019-1026
    • Friedman, P.M.1    Mafong, E.A.2    Friedman, E.S.3
  • 5
    • 33745453661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous dermal drug delivery for local pain control
    • Tadirchela S, Berman B. Percutaneous dermal drug delivery for local pain control. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2006;2:99-113
    • (2006) Ther Clin Risk Manag , vol.2 , pp. 99-113
    • Tadirchela, S.1    Berman, B.2
  • 6
    • 0036645713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of office anesthesia: Part II Topical anesthesia
    • Kundu S, Achar S. Principles of office anesthesia: part II. Topical anesthesia. Am Fam Phys 2002;66:99-102
    • (2002) Am Fam Phys , vol.66 , pp. 99-102
    • Kundu, S.1    Achar, S.2
  • 7
    • 0036267263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of ELA-Max (4% Liposomal Lidocaine) as compared with eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream for pain reduction of venipuncture in children
    • Eichenfield LF, Funk A, Fallon-Friedlander S, et al. A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of ELA-Max (4% Liposomal Lidocaine) as compared with eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream for pain reduction of venipuncture in children. Pediatrics 2002;109:1093-9
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.109 , pp. 1093-1099
    • Eichenfield, L.F.1    Funk, A.2    Fallon-Friedlander, S.3
  • 8
    • 11144252714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind comparison study of EMLA and ELA-Max for topical anesthesia in children undergoing intravenous insertion
    • Koh JL, Harrison D, Myers R, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison study of EMLA and ELA-Max for topical anesthesia in children undergoing intravenous insertion. Pediatr Anaesth 2004;14:977-82
    • (2004) Pediatr Anaesth , vol.14 , pp. 977-982
    • Koh, J.L.1    Harrison, D.2    Myers, R.3
  • 9
    • 34250807895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development characterization and in vivo evaluation of benzocaine-loaded liposomes
    • Mura P, Maestrelli F, González-Rodŕguez ML, et al. Development, characterization and in vivo evaluation of benzocaine-loaded liposomes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007;67:86-95
    • (2007) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.67 , pp. 86-95
    • Mura, P.1    Maestrelli, F.2    González-Rodŕguez, M.L.3
  • 10
    • 70350755794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of preparation technique on the properties and in vivo efficacy of benzocaine-loaded ethosomes
    • Maestrelli F, Capasso G, González-Rodŕguez ML, et al. Effect of preparation technique on the properties and in vivo efficacy of benzocaine-loaded ethosomes. J Liposome Res 2009;19:253-60
    • (2009) J Liposome Res , vol.19 , pp. 253-260
    • Maestrelli, F.1    Capasso, G.2    González-Rodŕguez, M.L.3
  • 11
    • 84881369114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formulation and evaluation of lidocaine base ethosomes for transdermal delivery
    • Zhu X, Li F, Peng X, Zeng K. Formulation and Evaluation of Lidocaine Base Ethosomes for Transdermal Delivery. Anesth Analg 2013;117(2):352-7
    • (2013) Anesth Analg , vol.117 , Issue.2 , pp. 352-357
    • Zhu, X.1    Li, F.2    Peng, X.3    Zeng, K.4
  • 12
    • 33644620735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transdermal permeation of tetracaine hydrochloride by lecithin microemulsion: In vivo
    • Changez M, Chander J, Dinda AK. Transdermal permeation of tetracaine hydrochloride by lecithin microemulsion: in vivo. Coll Surf B: Biointerfaces 2006;48:58-66
    • (2006) Coll Surf B: Biointerfaces , vol.48 , pp. 58-66
    • Changez, M.1    Chander, J.2    Dinda, A.K.3
  • 13
    • 77955437797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioadhesive films containing benzocaine: Correlation between in vitro permeation and in vivo local anesthetic effect
    • de Araujo DR, Padula C, Cereda CM, et al. Bioadhesive films containing benzocaine: correlation between in vitro permeation and in vivo local anesthetic effect. Pharm Res 2010;27:1677-86
    • (2010) Pharm Res , vol.27 , pp. 1677-1686
    • De Araujo, D.R.1    Padula, C.2    Cereda, C.M.3
  • 14
    • 84859776740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the efficacy of topical anesthetics using tactile spatial resolution method
    • Fraczec M, Demidas A. Assessment of the efficacy of topical anesthetics using tactile spatial resolution method. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2012;20:7-13
    • (2012) Acta Dermatovenerol Croat , vol.20 , pp. 7-13
    • Fraczec, M.1    Demidas, A.2
  • 15
    • 25444475497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical anesthetics for dermal instrumentation: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials
    • Eildman A, Weiis JM, Lau J, et al. Topical anesthetics for dermal instrumentation: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Emerg Med 2005;46:343-51
    • (2005) Ann Emerg Med , vol.46 , pp. 343-351
    • Eildman, A.1    Weiis, J.M.2    Lau, J.3
  • 16
    • 0031769054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous tape stripping to accelerate the anesthetic effects of EMLA cream: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Singer AJ, Shallat J, Valentine SM, et al. Cutaneous tape stripping to accelerate the anesthetic effects of EMLA cream: a randomized, controlled trial. Acad Emerg Med 1998;5(11):1051-6
    • (1998) Acad Emerg Med , vol.5 , Issue.11 , pp. 1051-1056
    • Singer, A.J.1    Shallat, J.2    Valentine, S.M.3
  • 17
    • 0037423782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioadhesive film for the transdermal delivery of lidocaine: In vitro and in vivo behavior
    • Padula C, Colombo G, Nicoli S, et al. Bioadhesive film for the transdermal delivery of lidocaine: in vitro and in vivo behavior. J Control Release 2003;88(2):277-85
    • (2003) J Control Release , vol.88 , Issue.2 , pp. 277-285
    • Padula, C.1    Colombo, G.2    Nicoli, S.3
  • 18
    • 73549098447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo stratum corneum distribution of lidocaine, assessed by tape stripping, from a new bioadhesive film
    • Padula C, Fulgoni A, Santi P. In vivo stratum corneum distribution of lidocaine, assessed by tape stripping, from a new bioadhesive film. Skin Res Tech 2010;16:125-30
    • (2010) Skin Res Tech , vol.16 , pp. 125-130
    • Padula, C.1    Fulgoni, A.2    Santi, P.3
  • 19
    • 0037211560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the skin barrier and its modulation by vesicular formulations
    • Bouwstra JA, Honeywell-Nguyen PL, Gooris GS, et al. Structure of the skin barrier and its modulation by vesicular formulations. Prog Lipid Res 2003;42:1-36
    • (2003) Prog Lipid Res , vol.42 , pp. 1-36
    • Bouwstra, J.A.1    Honeywell-Nguyen, P.L.2    Gooris, G.S.3
  • 20
    • 0036037762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lipid organization of the skin barrier: Liquid and crystalline domains coexist in lamellar phases
    • Bouwstra JA, Gooris G, Ponec M. The lipid organization of the skin barrier: liquid and crystalline domains coexist in lamellar phases. J Biol Phys 2002;28:211-23
    • (2002) J Biol Phys , vol.28 , pp. 211-223
    • Bouwstra, J.A.1    Gooris, G.2    Ponec, M.3
  • 21
    • 33750506097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of two domains in intercellular lipid matrix of stratum corneum
    • Hatta I, Ohta N, Inoue K, et al. Coexistence of two domains in intercellular lipid matrix of stratum corneum. Biochim Biophys Acta 2006;1758:1830-6
    • (2006) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1758 , pp. 1830-1836
    • Hatta, I.1    Ohta, N.2    Inoue, K.3
  • 22
    • 35349002202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transdermal skin delivery: Predictions for humans from in vivo, ex vivo and animal models
    • Godin B, Touitou E. Transdermal skin delivery: predictions for humans from in vivo, ex vivo and animal models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007;59:1152-61
    • (2007) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.59 , pp. 1152-1161
    • Godin, B.1    Touitou, E.2
  • 23
    • 0035844744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling transdermal drug release
    • Kalia YN, Guy R. Modeling transdermal drug release. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2001;48:159-72
    • (2001) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.48 , pp. 159-172
    • Kalia, Y.N.1    Guy, R.2
  • 25
    • 0030016938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and physicochemical aspects of local anesthetic-membrane interaction
    • De Paula E, Schreier S. Molecular and physicochemical aspects of local anesthetic-membrane interaction. Braz J Med Biol Res 1996;29:877-94
    • (1996) Braz J Med Biol Res , vol.29 , pp. 877-894
    • De Paula, E.1    Schreier, S.2
  • 26
    • 0028818451 scopus 로고
    • Use of a novel method for determination of partition coefficients to compare the effect of local anesthetics on membrane structure
    • De Paula E, Schreier S. Use of a novel method for determination of partition coefficients to compare the effect of local anesthetics on membrane structure. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995;1240:25-33
    • (1995) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1240 , pp. 25-33
    • De Paula, E.1    Schreier, S.2
  • 27
    • 84969427161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposomes in drug delivery
    • Siegel RA, Rathbone MJ, editors Control Rel Soc, New York
    • Torchilin VP. Liposomes in drug delivery. In: Siegel RA, Rathbone MJ, editors. Drug delivery, advances in delivery science and technology. Control Rel Soc, New York; 2012;11:289-328
    • (2012) Drug Delivery, Advances in Delivery Science and Technology , vol.11 , pp. 289-328
    • Torchilin, V.P.1
  • 28
    • 35048842305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposomal drug delivery systems: An update review
    • Samad A, Sultana Y, Aqil M. Liposomal drug delivery systems: an update review. Curr Drug Deliv 2007;4:297-305
    • (2007) Curr Drug Deliv , vol.4 , pp. 297-305
    • Samad, A.1    Sultana, Y.2    Aqil, M.3
  • 29
    • 0023712988 scopus 로고
    • Liposomes: Preparation, characterization and preservation
    • Lichtenberg D, Barenholz Y. Liposomes: preparation, characterization and preservation. Meth Biochem Anal 1988;33:337-62
    • (1988) Meth Biochem Anal , vol.33 , pp. 337-362
    • Lichtenberg, D.1    Barenholz, Y.2
  • 30
    • 0024470454 scopus 로고
    • Drug delivery systems Site-specific drug delivery using liposomes as carriers
    • Ranade VV. Drug delivery systems. Site-specific drug delivery using liposomes as carriers. J Clin Pharmacol 1989;29:685-94
    • (1989) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.29 , pp. 685-694
    • Ranade, V.V.1
  • 31
    • 0019309326 scopus 로고
    • Liposomes - A selective drug delivery system for the topical route of administration
    • Mezei M, Gulasekharam V. Liposomes-a selective drug delivery system for the topical route of administration. Lotion dosage form. Life Sci 1980;26:1473-7
    • (1980) Lotion Dosage Form. Life Sci , vol.26 , pp. 1473-1477
    • Mezei, M.1    Gulasekharam, V.2
  • 32
    • 0019958118 scopus 로고
    • Liposomes-a selective drug delivery system for the topical route of administration: Gel dosage form
    • Mezei M, Gulasekharam V. Liposomes-a selective drug delivery system for the topical route of administration: gel dosage form. J Pharm Pharmacol 1982;34:473-4
    • (1982) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.34 , pp. 473-474
    • Mezei, M.1    Gulasekharam, V.2
  • 33
    • 33846993379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin permeation enhancement of ascorbyl palmitate by liposomal hydrogel (Lipogel) formulation and electrical assistance
    • Lee S, Lee J, Choi YW. Skin permeation enhancement of ascorbyl palmitate by liposomal hydrogel (Lipogel) formulation and electrical assistance. Biol Pharm Bull 2007;30:393-6
    • (2007) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.30 , pp. 393-396
    • Lee, S.1    Lee, J.2    Choi, Y.W.3
  • 34
    • 33846905467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deformable liposomes and ethosomes: Mechanism of enhanced skin delivery
    • Elsayed MM, Abdallah OY, Naggar VF, et al. Deformable liposomes and ethosomes: mechanism of enhanced skin delivery. Int J Pharm 2007;332:1-16
    • (2007) Int J Pharm , vol.332 , pp. 1-16
    • Elsayed, M.M.1    Abdallah, O.Y.2    Naggar, V.F.3
  • 36
    • 0030874980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent development medical applications of liposomes: Sterically stabilized liposomes in cancer therapy and gene delivery in vivo
    • Lasic DD. Recent development medical applications of liposomes: sterically stabilized liposomes in cancer therapy and gene delivery in vivo. J Control Rel 1997;48:203-22
    • (1997) J Control Rel , vol.48 , pp. 203-222
    • Lasic, D.D.1
  • 37
    • 74149087439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the mode of action of ultradeformable vesicles using calcein as hydrophilic fluorescent marker
    • Bahia AP, Azevedo EG, Ferreira LA, et al. New insights into the mode of action of ultradeformable vesicles using calcein as hydrophilic fluorescent marker. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010;39:90-6
    • (2010) Eur J Pharm Sci , Issue.39 , pp. 90-96
    • Bahia, A.P.1    Azevedo, E.G.2    Ferreira, L.A.3
  • 38
    • 79957953555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin penetration behaviour of liposomes as a function of their composition
    • Gillet A, Lecomte F, Hubert P, et al. Skin penetration behaviour of liposomes as a function of their composition. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011;70:43-53
    • (2011) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , Issue.70 , pp. 43-53
    • Gillet, A.1    Lecomte, F.2    Hubert, P.3
  • 39
    • 78650687509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentials of new nanocarriers for dermal and transdermal drug delivery
    • Neubert RHH. Potentials of new nanocarriers for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011;77:1-2
    • (2011) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.77 , pp. 1-2
    • Neubert, R.H.H.1
  • 40
    • 0030582667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of liposomes with human skin in vitro - The influence of lipid composition and structure
    • Kirjavainen M, Urtti A, Jaaskelainen I, et al. Interaction of liposomes with human skin in vitro-the influence of lipid composition and structure. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996;1304:179-89
    • (1996) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1304 , pp. 179-189
    • Kirjavainen, M.1    Urtti, A.2    Jaaskelainen, I.3
  • 41
    • 0033061952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposome-skin interactions and their effects on the skin permeation of drugs
    • Kirjavainen M, Urtti A, Valjakka-Koskela R, et al. Liposome-skin interactions and their effects on the skin permeation of drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 1999;7:279-86
    • (1999) Eur J Pharm Sci , vol.7 , pp. 279-286
    • Kirjavainen, M.1    Urtti, A.2    Valjakka-Koskela, R.3
  • 42
    • 33748475882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deformable liposomes and ethosomes: Mechanism of enhanced skin delivery
    • Mustafa MA, Elsayed OY, Abdallah VF, et al. Deformable liposomes and ethosomes: mechanism of enhanced skin delivery. Int J Pharm 2006;322:60-6
    • (2006) Int J Pharm , vol.322 , pp. 60-66
    • Mustafa, M.A.1    Elsayed, O.Y.2    Abdallah, V.F.3
  • 43
    • 47249159342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposomes and skin: From drug delivery to model membranes
    • El Maghraby GM, Barry BW, Williams AC. Liposomes and skin: from drug delivery to model membranes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008;34:203-22
    • (2008) Eur J Pharm Sci , vol.34 , pp. 203-222
    • El Maghraby, G.M.1    Barry, B.W.2    Williams, A.C.3
  • 45
    • 17444367311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of uncharged aminoamide local anesthetics on phospholipid bilayers, as monitored by 1H-NMR measurements
    • Fraceto LF, Spisni A, Schreier S, et al. Differential effects of uncharged aminoamide local anesthetics on phospholipid bilayers, as monitored by 1H-NMR measurements. Biophys Chem 2005;115:11-18
    • (2005) Biophys Chem , vol.115 , pp. 11-18
    • Fraceto, L.F.1    Spisni, A.2    Schreier, S.3
  • 46
    • 1642631860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural effects of the local anesthetic bupivacaine hydrochloride on the human erythrocyte membrane and molecular models
    • Suwalsky M, Schneider C, Villena F, et al. Structural effects of the local anesthetic bupivacaine hydrochloride on the human erythrocyte membrane and molecular models. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2002;29:14-23
    • (2002) Blood Cells Mol Dis , vol.29 , pp. 14-23
    • Suwalsky, M.1    Schneider, C.2    Villena, F.3
  • 47
    • 16544379461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposomal prilocaine: Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation
    • Cereda CM, de Araujo DR, Brunetto GB, et al. Liposomal prilocaine: preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2004;7:235-40
    • (2004) J Pharm Pharm Sci , vol.7 , pp. 235-240
    • Cereda, C.M.1    De Araujo, D.R.2    Brunetto, G.B.3
  • 48
  • 49
    • 0034665590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orientations and locations of local anesthetics Benzocaine and Butamben in phospholipid membranes as studied by 2H NMR spectroscopy
    • Kuroda Y, Nasu H, Fujiwara Y, et al. Orientations and locations of local anesthetics Benzocaine and Butamben in phospholipid membranes as studied by 2H NMR spectroscopy. J Membr Biol 2000;177:117-28
    • (2000) J Membr Biol , vol.177 , pp. 117-128
    • Kuroda, Y.1    Nasu, H.2    Fujiwara, Y.3
  • 50
    • 65249158036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposome-prilocaine interaction mapping evaluated through STD NMR and molecular dynamics simulations
    • Cabeça LF, Pickholz M, de Paula E, et al. Liposome-prilocaine interaction mapping evaluated through STD NMR and molecular dynamics simulations. J Phys Chem B 2009;113:2365-70
    • (2009) J Phys Chem B , vol.113 , pp. 2365-2370
    • Cabeça, L.F.1    Pickholz, M.2    De Paula, E.3
  • 51
    • 84880486313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transdermal delivery of butamben using elastic and conventional liposomes
    • Cereda CM, Franz-Montan M, da Silva CM, et al. Transdermal delivery of butamben using elastic and conventional liposomes. J Liposome Res 2013;23(3):228-34
    • J Liposome Res 2013 , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 228-234
    • Cereda, C.M.1    Franz-Montan, M.2    Da Silva, C.M.3
  • 53
    • 84863011294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penetration enhancement of lidocaine hydrochlorid by a novel chitosan coated elastic liposome for transdermal drug delivery
    • Li L, Zhang Y, Han S, et al. Penetration enhancement of lidocaine hydrochlorid by a novel chitosan coated elastic liposome for transdermal drug delivery. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2011;7:704-13
    • (2011) J Biomed Nanotechnol , vol.7 , pp. 704-713
    • Li, L.1    Zhang, Y.2    Han, S.3
  • 55
    • 0037211560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the skin barrier and its modulation by vesicular formulations
    • Bouwstra JA, Honeywell-Nguyen PL, Gooris GS, et al. Structure of the skin barrier and its modulation by vesicular formulations. Prog Lipid Res 2003;42:1-36
    • (2003) Prog Lipid Res , vol.42 , pp. 1-36
    • Bouwstra, J.A.1    Honeywell-Nguyen, P.L.2    Gooris, G.S.3
  • 56
    • 1542268930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid vesicles and other colloids as drug carriers on the skin
    • Cevc G. Lipid vesicles and other colloids as drug carriers on the skin. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004;56:675-711
    • (2004) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.56 , pp. 675-711
    • Cevc, G.1
  • 57
    • 76549097359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological effect of lipid carriers on permeation of lidocaine hydrochloride through lipid membranes
    • Shim J, Kim MJ, Kim H-K, et al. Morphological effect of lipid carriers on permeation of lidocaine hydrochloride through lipid membranes. Int J Pharm 2010;388:251-6
    • (2010) Int J Pharm , vol.388 , pp. 251-256
    • Shim, J.1    Kim, M.J.2    Kim, H.-K.3
  • 58
    • 0031957780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of skin anesthetic effect of liposomal lidocaine, nonliposomal lidocaine, and EMLA using 30-minute application time
    • Bucalo BD, Mirikitani EJ, Moy RL. Comparison of skin anesthetic effect of liposomal lidocaine, nonliposomal lidocaine, and EMLA using 30-minute application time. Dermatol Surg 1998;24:537-41
    • (1998) Dermatol Surg , vol.24 , pp. 537-541
    • Bucalo, B.D.1    Mirikitani, E.J.2    Moy, R.L.3
  • 59
    • 0030696085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative topical anaesthesia of EMLA and liposome-encapsulated tetracaine
    • Hung OR, Comeau L, Riley M, et al. Comparative topical anaesthesia of EMLA and liposome-encapsulated tetracaine. Can J Anaesth 1997;44:707-11
    • (1997) Can J Anaesth , vol.44 , pp. 707-711
    • Hung, O.R.1    Comeau, L.2    Riley, M.3
  • 60
    • 0031797838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical anesthesia of intact skin: Liposome-encapsulated tetracaine vs. EMLA
    • Fisher R, Hung O, Mezei M, et al. Topical anesthesia of intact skin: liposome-encapsulated tetracaine vs. EMLA. Br J Anaesth 1998;81:972-3
    • (1998) Br J Anaesth , vol.81 , pp. 972-973
    • Fisher, R.1    Hung, O.2    Mezei, M.3
  • 61
    • 21244475599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liposomal lidocaine to improve procedural success rates and reduce procedural pain among children: A randomized controlled trial
    • Taddio A, Soin HK, Schuh S, et al. Liposomal lidocaine to improve procedural success rates and reduce procedural pain among children: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2005;172:1691-5
    • (2005) CMAJ , vol.172 , pp. 1691-1695
    • Taddio, A.1    Soin, H.K.2    Schuh, S.3
  • 62
    • 0030297586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical liposomal system for localized and controlled drug delivery
    • Singh R, Vyas SP. Topical liposomal system for localized and controlled drug delivery. J Dermatol Sci 1996;13:107-11
    • (1996) J Dermatol Sci , vol.13 , pp. 107-111
    • Singh, R.1    Vyas, S.P.2
  • 63
    • 77954312803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New drug-in cyclodextrin-in deformable liposomes" formulations to improve the therapeutic efficacy of local anaesthetics
    • Maestrelli F, González-Rodŕguez ML, Rabasco AM, et al. New "drug-in cyclodextrin-in deformable liposomes" formulations to improve the therapeutic efficacy of local anaesthetics. Int J Pharm 2010;395:222-31
    • (2010) Int J Pharm , vol.395 , pp. 222-231
    • Maestrelli, F.1    González-Rodŕguez, M.L.2    Rabasco, A.M.3
  • 64
    • 1942453805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solid lipid nanoparticles for parenteral drug delivery
    • Wissing SA, Kayser O, Müller RH. Solid lipid nanoparticles for parenteral drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004;56:1257-72
    • (2004) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.56 , pp. 1257-1272
    • Wissing, S.A.1    Kayser, O.2    Müller, R.H.3
  • 65
    • 80052863988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SLN NLC LDC: State of the art in drug and active delivery
    • Attama AA. SLN, NLC, LDC: state of the art in drug and active delivery. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul 2011;5:178-87
    • (2011) Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul , vol.5 , pp. 178-187
    • Attama, A.A.1
  • 66
    • 84864115976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current State of Art and New Trends on Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN and NLC) for Oral Drug Delivery
    • Severino P, Andreani T, Macedo AS, et al. Current State of Art and New Trends on Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN and NLC) for Oral Drug Delivery. J Drug Deliv 2012;2012:1-10
    • (2012) J Drug Deliv , vol.2012 , pp. 1-10
    • Severino, P.1    Andreani, T.2    MacEdo, A.S.3
  • 67
    • 2242472082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic and dermatological preparations
    • Müller RH, Radtke M, Wissing SA. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic and dermatological preparations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2002;54:131-55
    • (2002) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.54 , pp. 131-155
    • Müller, R.H.1    Radtke, M.2    Wissing, S.A.3
  • 68
    • 80054804587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solid lipid nanoparticles: An oral bioavailability enhancer vehicle
    • Harde H, Das M, Jain S. Solid lipid nanoparticles: an oral bioavailability enhancer vehicle. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011;8:1407-24
    • (2011) Expert Opin Drug Deliv , vol.8 , pp. 1407-1424
    • Harde, H.1    Das, M.2    Jain, S.3
  • 69
    • 84859950305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid nanoparticles: State of the art, new preparation methods and challenges in drug delivery
    • Battaglia L, Gallarate M. Lipid nanoparticles: state of the art, new preparation methods and challenges in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012;9:497-508
    • (2012) Expert Opin Drug Deliv , vol.9 , pp. 497-508
    • Battaglia, L.1    Gallarate, M.2
  • 70
    • 84858858095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid nanoparticles as novel delivery systems for cosmetics and dermal pharmaceuticals
    • Puglia C, Bonina F. Lipid nanoparticles as novel delivery systems for cosmetics and dermal pharmaceuticals. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012;9:429-41
    • (2012) Expert Opin Drug Deliv , vol.9 , pp. 429-441
    • Puglia, C.1    Bonina, F.2
  • 71
    • 0031960962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery-drug release and release mechanism
    • Mühlen A, Schwarz C, Mehnert W. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery-drug release and release mechanism. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1998;45:149-55
    • (1998) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.45 , pp. 149-155
    • Mühlen, A.1    Schwarz, C.2    Mehnert, W.3
  • 72
    • 79956102907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20 years of lipid nanoparticles (SLN and NLC): Present state of development and industrial applications
    • Müller RH, Shegokar R, Keck CM. 20 years of lipid nanoparticles (SLN and NLC): present state of development and industrial applications. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2011;8:207-27
    • (2011) Curr Drug Discov Technol , vol.8 , pp. 207-227
    • Müller, R.H.1    Shegokar, R.2    Keck, C.M.3
  • 73
    • 79952234981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of benzocaine and lidocaine loaded nanostructrured lipid carriers
    • Puglia C, Sarpietro MG, Bonina F, et al. Development, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of benzocaine and lidocaine loaded nanostructrured lipid carriers. J Pharm Sci 2011;100:1892-9
    • (2011) J Pharm Sci , vol.100 , pp. 1892-1899
    • Puglia, C.1    Sarpietro, M.G.2    Bonina, F.3
  • 74
    • 55749085725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for topical use-an overview
    • Wissing S, Saupe A, Muller R. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for topical use-an overview. Eurocosmetics 2003;5:14-17
    • (2003) Eurocosmetics , vol.5 , pp. 14-17
    • Wissing, S.1    Saupe, A.2    Muller, R.3
  • 75
    • 84861302273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication, appraisal, and transdermal permeation of sildenafil citrate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers versus solid lipid nanoparticles
    • Elnaggar YS, El-Massik MA, Abdallah OY. Fabrication, appraisal, and transdermal permeation of sildenafil citrate-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers versus solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2011;6:3195-205
    • (2011) Int J Nanomedicine , vol.6 , pp. 3195-3205
    • Elnaggar, Y.S.1    El-Massik, M.A.2    Abdallah, O.Y.3
  • 76
    • 84859056795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chitosan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles for insulin delivery
    • Fonte P, Andrade F, Ara-ujo F, et al. Chitosan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles for insulin delivery. Methods Enzymol 2012;508:295-314
    • (2012) Methods Enzymol , vol.508 , pp. 295-314
    • Fonte, P.1    Andrade, F.2    Ara-ujo, F.3
  • 77
    • 84856003815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AmbiOnp: Solid lipid nanoparticles of amphotericin B for oral administration
    • Patel PA, Patravale VB. AmbiOnp: solid lipid nanoparticles of amphotericin B for oral administration. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2011;7:632-9
    • (2011) J Biomed Nanotechnol , vol.7 , pp. 632-639
    • Patel, P.A.1    Patravale, V.B.2
  • 78
    • 80052851292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate-loaded SLNs prepared by coacervation technique: In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution
    • Battaglia L, Serpe L, Muntoni E, et al. Methotrexate-loaded SLNs prepared by coacervation technique: in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Nanomedicine 2011;6:1561-73
    • (2011) Nanomedicine , vol.6 , pp. 1561-1573
    • Battaglia, L.1    Serpe, L.2    Muntoni, E.3
  • 79
    • 0032982005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery. II. Drug incorporation and physicochemical characterization
    • Schwarz C, Mehnert W. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery. II. Drug incorporation and physicochemical characterization. J Microencapsul 1999;16:205-13
    • (1999) J Microencapsul , vol.16 , pp. 205-213
    • Schwarz, C.1    Mehnert, W.2
  • 80
    • 70449520102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formulation and evaluation of lidocaine lipid nanosystems for dermal delivery
    • Pathak P, Nagarsenker M. Formulation and evaluation of lidocaine lipid nanosystems for dermal delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009;10:985-92
    • (2009) AAPS PharmSciTech , vol.10 , pp. 985-992
    • Pathak, P.1    Nagarsenker, M.2
  • 81
    • 84886613886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spin label and SAXS study of cetylpalmitate solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with dibucaine
    • Barbosa RM, Casadei BR, da Silva CMG, et al. Spin label and SAXS study of cetylpalmitate solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with dibucaine. Biophys J 2013;104:344
    • (2013) Biophys J , vol.104 , pp. 344
    • Barbosa, R.M.1    Casadei, B.R.2    Silva Cmg, D.3
  • 82
    • 84886605916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural effects of dibucaine encapsulation into solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers
    • Casadei BR, Barbosa RM, Marcato PD, et al. Structural effects of dibucaine encapsulation into solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers. Biophys J 2013;104:344
    • (2013) Biophys J , vol.104 , pp. 344
    • Casadei, B.R.1    Barbosa, R.M.2    Marcato, P.D.3
  • 83
    • 84876853791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers containing the local anesthetic dibucaine designed for topical application
    • Barbosa RM, da Silva CMG, Bella TS, et al. Cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers containing the local anesthetic dibucaine designed for topical application. J Phys Conf Series 2013;429:012035
    • (2013) J Phys Conf Series , vol.429 , pp. 012035
    • Barbosa, R.M.1    Silva Cmg, D.2    Bella, T.S.3
  • 84
    • 55749083044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogel nanoparticles in drug delivery
    • Hamidi M, Azadi A, Rafiei P. Hydrogel nanoparticles in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008;60:1638-49
    • (2008) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.60 , pp. 1638-1649
    • Hamidi, M.1    Azadi, A.2    Rafiei, P.3
  • 85
    • 75149149000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled, localized drug delivery
    • Bhattarai N, Gunn J, Zhang MQ. Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled, localized drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010;62:83-99
    • (2010) Adv Drug Deliv Rev , vol.62 , pp. 83-99
    • Bhattarai, N.1    Gunn, J.2    Zhang, M.Q.3
  • 86
    • 41349105238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ gelling hydrogels for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications
    • Van Tomme SR, Storm G, Hennik WE. In situ gelling hydrogels for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Int J Pharm 2008;355:1-18
    • (2008) Int J Pharm , vol.355 , pp. 1-18
    • Van Tomme, S.R.1    Storm, G.2    Hennik, W.E.3
  • 87
    • 0019848930 scopus 로고
    • Present and future applications of biomaterials in controlled drug delivery systems
    • Langer RS, Peppas NA. Present and future applications of biomaterials in controlled drug delivery systems. Biomaterials 1981;2:201-14
    • (1981) Biomaterials , vol.2 , pp. 201-214
    • Langer, R.S.1    Peppas, N.A.2
  • 88
    • 81255158524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injectable microgel-hydrogel composites for prolonged small-molecule drug delivery
    • Sivakumaran D, Maitland D, Hoare T. Injectable microgel-hydrogel composites for prolonged small-molecule drug delivery. Biomacromolecules 2011;12:4112-20
    • (2011) Biomacromolecules , vol.12 , pp. 4112-4120
    • Sivakumaran, D.1    Maitland, D.2    Hoare, T.3
  • 89
    • 0033178588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Smart' polymers and what they could do in biotechnology and medicine
    • Galaev IY, Mattiasson B. 'Smart' polymers and what they could do in biotechnology and medicine. Trends Biotechnol 1999;17:335-40
    • (1999) Trends Biotechnol , vol.17 , pp. 335-340
    • Galaev, I.Y.1    Mattiasson, B.2
  • 90
    • 36549073613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermoresponsive hydrogels in biomedical applications
    • Klouda L, Mikos AG. Thermoresponsive hydrogels in biomedical applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008;68:34-45
    • (2008) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.68 , pp. 34-45
    • Klouda, L.1    Mikos, A.G.2
  • 91
    • 70349980368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradable in situ gel-forming controlled drug delivery system based on thermosensitive PCL-PEG-PCL hydrogel Part 2: Sol-gel-sol transition and drug delivery behavior
    • Gong C, Shi S, Wu L, et al. Biodegradable in situ gel-forming controlled drug delivery system based on thermosensitive PCL-PEG-PCL hydrogel. Part 2: sol-gel-sol transition and drug delivery behavior. Acta Biomater 2009;5:3358-70
    • (2009) Acta Biomater , vol.5 , pp. 3358-3370
    • Gong, C.1    Shi, S.2    Wu, L.3
  • 92
    • 84861687894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged analgesia from Bupisome and Bupigel formulations: From design and fabrication to improved stability
    • Cohen R, Kanaan H, Grant GJ, et al. Prolonged analgesia from Bupisome and Bupigel formulations: from design and fabrication to improved stability. J Contr Rel 2012;160:346-52
    • (2012) J Contr Rel , vol.160 , pp. 346-352
    • Cohen, R.1    Kanaan, H.2    Grant, G.J.3
  • 93
    • 42949144548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation and evaluation of procaine gels for the enhanced local anesthetic action
    • Jin WG, Shin SC. Preparation and evaluation of procaine gels for the enhanced local anesthetic action. Arch Pharm Res 2008;31:235-41
    • (2008) Arch Pharm Res , vol.31 , pp. 235-241
    • Jin, W.G.1    Shin, S.C.2
  • 94
    • 48149112133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of gel formation and drug-release characteristics of lidocaine-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol)-tetraborate hydrogel systems using scavenger polyol sugars
    • Loughlin RG, Tunney MM, Donnelly RF, et al. Modulation of gel formation and drug-release characteristics of lidocaine-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol)-tetraborate hydrogel systems using scavenger polyol sugars. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008;69:1135-46
    • (2008) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.69 , pp. 1135-1146
    • Loughlin, R.G.1    Tunney, M.M.2    Donnelly, R.F.3
  • 95
    • 79954598733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary clinical assessment of polyvinyl alcohol-tetrahydroxyborate hydrogels as potential topical formulations for local anesthesia of lacerations
    • McCarron PA, Murphy DJ, Little C, et al. Preliminary clinical assessment of polyvinyl alcohol-tetrahydroxyborate hydrogels as potential topical formulations for local anesthesia of lacerations. Acad Emerg Med 2011;18:333-9
    • (2011) Acad Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 333-339
    • McCarron, P.A.1    Murphy, D.J.2    Little, C.3
  • 96
    • 84856512412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical characterisation and component release of poly(vinyl alcohol)-tetrahydroxyborate hydrogels and their applicability as potential topical drug delivery systems
    • Murphy DJ, Sankalia MG, Loughlin RG, et al. Physical characterisation and component release of poly(vinyl alcohol)-tetrahydroxyborate hydrogels and their applicability as potential topical drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2012;423:326-34
    • (2012) Int J Pharm , vol.423 , pp. 326-334
    • Murphy, D.J.1    Sankalia, M.G.2    Loughlin, R.G.3
  • 97
    • 84869786653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micro and Nanosystem for delivering local anesthetics
    • de Paula E, Cereda CMS, Fraceto LF, et al. Micro and Nanosystem for delivering local anesthetics. Exp Op Drug Del 2012;9:1505-24
    • (2012) Exp Op Drug Del , vol.9 , pp. 1505-1524
    • De Paula, E.1    Cereda, C.M.S.2    Fraceto, L.F.3
  • 98
    • 34248578630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-layer transdermal film containing lidocaine: Modulation of drug release
    • Padula C, Nicoli S, Colombo P, et al. Single-layer transdermal film containing lidocaine: modulation of drug release. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007;66:422-8
    • (2007) Eur J Pharm Biopharm , vol.66 , pp. 422-428
    • Padula, C.1    Nicoli, S.2    Colombo, P.3
  • 99
    • 0030130747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine patch: Double-blind controlled study of a new treatment method for post-herpetic neuralgia
    • Rowbotham MC, Davies PS, Verkempinck C, et al. Lidocaine patch: double-blind controlled study of a new treatment method for post-herpetic neuralgia. Pain 1996;65:39-44
    • (1996) Pain , vol.65 , pp. 39-44
    • Rowbotham, M.C.1    Davies, P.S.2    Verkempinck, C.3
  • 100
    • 0032954053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical lidocaine patch relieves postherpetic neuralgia more effectively than a vehicle topical patch: Results of an enriched enrollment study
    • Galer BS, Rowbotham MC, Perander J, et al. Topical lidocaine patch relieves postherpetic neuralgia more effectively than a vehicle topical patch: results of an enriched enrollment study. Pain 1999;80:533-8
    • (1999) Pain , vol.80 , pp. 533-538
    • Galer, B.S.1    Rowbotham, M.C.2    Perander, J.3
  • 101
    • 79952855069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5% lidocaine-medicated plaster vs other relevant interventions and placebo for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN): A systematic review
    • Wolff RF, Bala MM, Westwood M, et al. 5% lidocaine-medicated plaster vs other relevant interventions and placebo for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN): a systematic review. Acta Neurol Scand 2011;123:295-309
    • (2011) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.123 , pp. 295-309
    • Wolff, R.F.1    Bala, M.M.2    Westwood, M.3
  • 102
    • 77953601897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-herpetic neuralgia: 5% lidocaine medicated plaster, pregabalin, or a combination of both? A randomized, open, clinical effectiveness study
    • Rehm S, Binder A, Baron R. Post-herpetic neuralgia: 5% lidocaine medicated plaster, pregabalin, or a combination of both? A randomized, open, clinical effectiveness study. Curr Med Res Opin 2010;26:1607-19
    • (2010) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.26 , pp. 1607-1619
    • Rehm, S.1    Binder, A.2    Baron, R.3
  • 103
    • 48149114869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic effect of lidocaine patch 5% in the treatment of acute herpes zoster: A double-blind and vehicle-controlled study
    • Lin PL, Fan SZ, Huang CH, et al. Analgesic effect of lidocaine patch 5% in the treatment of acute herpes zoster: a double-blind and vehicle-controlled study. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2008;33:320-5
    • (2008) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.33 , pp. 320-325
    • Lin, P.L.1    Fan, S.Z.2    Huang, C.H.3
  • 104
    • 0036075881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic absorption of topical lidocaine in normal volunteers, patients with post-herpetic neuralgia, and patients with acute herpes zoster
    • Campbell BJ, Rowbotham M, Davies PS, et al. Systemic absorption of topical lidocaine in normal volunteers, patients with post-herpetic neuralgia, and patients with acute herpes zoster. J Pharm Sci 2002;91:1343-50
    • (2002) J Pharm Sci , vol.91 , pp. 1343-1350
    • Campbell, B.J.1    Rowbotham, M.2    Davies, P.S.3
  • 105
    • 0036159190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of lidocaine patch 5% with extended dosing
    • Gammaitoni AR, Davis MW. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of lidocaine patch 5% with extended dosing. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:236-40
    • (2002) Ann Pharmacother , vol.36 , pp. 236-240
    • Gammaitoni, A.R.1    Davis, M.W.2
  • 106
    • 84864544037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy outcomes of long-term treatment up to 4 years with 5% lidocaine medicated plaster in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia
    • Sabatowski R, Hans G, Tacken I, et al. Safety and efficacy outcomes of long-term treatment up to 4 years with 5% lidocaine medicated plaster in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia. Curr Med Res Opin 2012;28:1337-46
    • (2012) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.28 , pp. 1337-1346
    • Sabatowski, R.1    Hans, G.2    Tacken, I.3
  • 107
    • 33644900464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine patch 5 for carpal tunnel syndrome: How it compares with injections: A pilot study
    • Nalamachu S, Crockett RS, Mathur D. Lidocaine patch 5 for carpal tunnel syndrome: how it compares with injections: a pilot study. J Fam Pract 2006;55:209-14
    • (2006) J Fam Pract , vol.55 , pp. 209-214
    • Nalamachu, S.1    Crockett, R.S.2    Mathur, D.3
  • 108
    • 79958251430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine patches reduce pain in trauma patients with rib fractures
    • Zink KA, Mayberry JC, Peck EG, et al. Lidocaine patches reduce pain in trauma patients with rib fractures. Am Surg 2011;77:438-42
    • (2011) Am Surg , vol.77 , pp. 438-442
    • Zink, K.A.1    Mayberry, J.C.2    Peck, E.G.3
  • 109
    • 84867985187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Availability of a 5% lidocaine patch used prophylactically for venipuncture-or injection-related pain in children
    • Kim CH, Yoon JU, Lee HJ, et al. Availability of a 5% lidocaine patch used prophylactically for venipuncture-or injection-related pain in children. J Anesth 2012;26:552-5
    • (2012) J Anesth , vol.26 , pp. 552-555
    • Kim, C.H.1    Yoon, J.U.2    Lee, H.J.3
  • 110
    • 77957820290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of a heating element to topical anesthesia patch efficacy prior to vascular access: Results from two randomized, double-blind studies
    • Masud S, Wasnich RD, Ruckle JL, et al. Contribution of a heating element to topical anesthesia patch efficacy prior to vascular access: results from two randomized, double-blind studies. J Pain Symptom Manage 2010;40:510-19
    • (2010) J Pain Symptom Manage , vol.40 , pp. 510-519
    • Masud, S.1    Wasnich, R.D.2    Ruckle, J.L.3
  • 111
    • 18244390990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the lidocaine/tetracaine patch for induction of local anesthesia prior to minor dermatologic procedures in geriatric patients
    • Schecter AK, Pariser DM, Pariser RJ, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the lidocaine/tetracaine patch for induction of local anesthesia prior to minor dermatologic procedures in geriatric patients. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:287-91
    • (2005) Dermatol Surg , vol.31 , pp. 287-291
    • Schecter, A.K.1    Pariser, D.M.2    Pariser, R.J.3
  • 112
    • 34548292375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the Synera patch for local anesthesia before vascular access procedures: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Curry SE, Finkel JC. Use of the Synera patch for local anesthesia before vascular access procedures: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain Med 2007;8:497-502
    • (2007) Pain Med , vol.8 , pp. 497-502
    • Curry, S.E.1    Finkel, J.C.2
  • 113
    • 78149242355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the depth and duration of anesthesia from heated lidocaine/tetracaine (Synera) patches compared with placebo patches applied to healthy adult volunteers
    • Wallace MS, Kopecky EA, Ma T, et al. Evaluation of the depth and duration of anesthesia from heated lidocaine/tetracaine (Synera) patches compared with placebo patches applied to healthy adult volunteers. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010;35:507-13
    • (2010) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.35 , pp. 507-513
    • Wallace, M.S.1    Kopecky, E.A.2    Ma, T.3
  • 114
    • 51749125652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warm lidocaine/tetracaine patch versus placebo before pediatric intravenous cannulation: A randomized controlled trial
    • Singer AJ, Taira BR, Chisena EN, et al. Warm lidocaine/tetracaine patch versus placebo before pediatric intravenous cannulation: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med 2008;52:41-7
    • (2008) Ann Emerg Med , vol.52 , pp. 41-47
    • Singer, A.J.1    Taira, B.R.2    Chisena, E.N.3
  • 115
    • 84867556234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine/tetracaine patch (Rapydan) for topical anaesthesia before arterial access: A double-blind, randomized trial
    • Ruetzler K, Sima B, Mayer L, et al. Lidocaine/tetracaine patch (Rapydan) for topical anaesthesia before arterial access: a double-blind, randomized trial. Br J Anaesth 2012;109:790-6
    • (2012) Br J Anaesth , vol.109 , pp. 790-796
    • Ruetzler, K.1    Sima, B.2    Mayer, L.3
  • 116
    • 84858335258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of Rapydan(R) patch and Ametop(R) gel for venous cannulation
    • Ravishankar N, Elliot SC, Beardow Z, et al. A comparison of Rapydan(R) patch and Ametop(R) gel for venous cannulation. Anaesthesia 2012;67:367-70
    • (2012) Anaesthesia , vol.67 , pp. 367-370
    • Ravishankar, N.1    Elliot, S.C.2    Beardow, Z.3
  • 117
    • 58449097835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heated lidocaine/tetracaine patch (Synera, Rapydan) compared with lidocaine/prilocaine cream (EMLA) for topical anaesthesia before vascular access
    • Sawyer J, Febbraro S, Masud S, et al. Heated lidocaine/tetracaine patch (Synera, Rapydan) compared with lidocaine/prilocaine cream (EMLA) for topical anaesthesia before vascular access. Br J Anaesth 2009;102:210-15
    • (2009) Br J Anaesth , vol.102 , pp. 210-215
    • Sawyer, J.1    Febbraro, S.2    Masud, S.3
  • 118
    • 78649319195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetophoresis for enhancing transdermal drug delivery: Mechanistic studies and patch design
    • Murthy SN, Sammeta SM, Bowers C. Magnetophoresis for enhancing transdermal drug delivery:mechanistic studies and patch design. J Control Rel 2010;148:197-203
    • (2010) J Control Rel , vol.148 , pp. 197-203
    • Murthy, S.N.1    Sammeta, S.M.2    Bowers, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.