메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 67, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 182-188

Does EU legislation allow the use of the Benchmark dose (BMD) approach for risk assessment?

Author keywords

BMD; EU; Guidance; NOAEL; Regulation

Indexed keywords

BIOCIDE; COSMETIC; DRINKING WATER; FOOD ADDITIVE; PESTICIDE;

EID: 84886596623     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: 10960295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.07.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 77957180789 scopus 로고
    • A new method for determining allowable daily intakes
    • Crump K.S. A new method for determining allowable daily intakes. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1984, 4:854-871.
    • (1984) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.4 , pp. 854-871
    • Crump, K.S.1
  • 3
    • 84886589629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Regulation (EC) No 2232/96. A community procedure for flavouring substances used or intended for use in or on foodstuffs. Available via <
    • EC, 1996. Regulation (EC) No 2232/96. A community procedure for flavouring substances used or intended for use in or on foodstuffs. Available via
    • (1996)
  • 4
    • 84886585909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Regulation (EC) No 258/97. Novel foods and novel food ingredients. Available via <
    • EC, 1997a. Regulation (EC) No 258/97. Novel foods and novel food ingredients. Available via
    • (1997)
  • 5
    • 84886584169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Commission Recommendation 97/618/EC. Scientific aspects and the presentation of information necessary to support applications for the placing on the market of novel foods and novel food ingredients. Available via
    • EC, 1997b. Commission Recommendation 97/618/EC. Scientific aspects and the presentation of information necessary to support applications for the placing on the market of novel foods and novel food ingredients. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu.
    • (1997)
  • 6
    • 84886591433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Directive 98/8/EC. Placing of biocidal products on the market. Available via <
    • EC, 1998a. Directive 98/8/EC. Placing of biocidal products on the market. Available via
    • (1998)
  • 7
    • 84886587394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, b. Council Directive 98/83/EC. The quality of water intended for human consumption. Available via
    • EC, 1998b. Council Directive 98/83/EC. The quality of water intended for human consumption. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu.
    • (1998)
  • 8
    • 84886596949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Council Regulation (EC) No 1493/1999. The common organisation of the market in wine. Available via
    • EC, 1999. Council Regulation (EC) No 1493/1999. The common organisation of the market in wine. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:179:0001:0084:EN:PDF.
    • (1999)
  • 9
    • 84886581743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Directive 2000/13/EC. Labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs. Available via
    • EC, 2000. Directive 2000/13/EC. Labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu.
    • (2000)
  • 10
    • 84886589744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Council Directive 2001/112/EC. Fruit juices and certain similar products intended for human consumption. Available via
    • EC, 2001. Council Directive 2001/112/EC. Fruit juices and certain similar products intended for human consumption. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu.
    • (2001)
  • 11
    • 84886584637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Regulation (EC) No 178/2002. General Food Law. General principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety. Available via <
    • EC, 2002. Regulation (EC) No 178/2002. General Food Law. General principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food safety. Available via
    • (2002)
  • 12
    • 84886591463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004. Materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Available via
    • EC, 2004. Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004. Materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu.
    • (2004)
  • 13
    • 84886587316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, a. Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals. Available via
    • EC, 2006a. Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu.
    • (2006)
  • 14
    • 84886584904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, b. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Available via
    • EC, 2006b. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu.
    • (2006)
  • 15
    • 84886583058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, a. Regulation (EC) No 1331/2008. Common authorisation procedure for food additives, food enzymes and food flavourings. Available via
    • EC, 2008a. Regulation (EC) No 1331/2008. Common authorisation procedure for food additives, food enzymes and food flavourings. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:354:0001:0006:EN:PDF.
    • (2008)
  • 16
    • 84886594927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, b. Regulation (EC) No 1332/2008. Food enzymes. Available via
    • EC, 2008b. Regulation (EC) No 1332/2008. Food enzymes. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:354:0007:0015:en:PDF.
    • (2008)
  • 17
    • 84886596284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, c. Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. Food additives. Available via
    • EC, 2008c. Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. Food additives. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:354:0016:0033:en:PDF.
    • (2008)
  • 18
    • 84886586776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008. Flavourings and certain food ingredients with flavouring properties for use in and on foods. Available via
    • EC, 2008d. Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008. Flavourings and certain food ingredients with flavouring properties for use in and on foods. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:354:0034:0050:en:PDF.
    • (2008)
  • 19
    • 84886583006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Regulation (EC) No 110/2008. Definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of spirit drinks. Available via <
    • EC, 2008e. Regulation (EC) No 110/2008. Definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of spirit drinks. Available via
    • (2008)
  • 20
    • 84886598008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, a. Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 on cosmetic products. Available via
    • EC, 2009a. Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 on cosmetic products. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:342:0059:0209:en:PDF.
    • (2009)
  • 21
    • 84886585601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. The placing of plant protection products on the market. Available via
    • EC, 2009b. Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. The placing of plant protection products on the market. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:309:0001:0050:EN:PDF.
    • (2009)
  • 22
    • 84886601031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC, Regulation (EC) No 470/2009. Community procedures for the establishment of residue limits of pharmacologically active substances in foodstuffs of animal origin. Available via <
    • EC, 2009c. Regulation (EC) No 470/2009. Community procedures for the establishment of residue limits of pharmacologically active substances in foodstuffs of animal origin. Available via
    • (2009)
  • 23
    • 84886590787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECHA, Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Part B: Hazard assessment. Version 2.1, December 2011. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), Available via
    • ECHA, 2011a. Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Part B: Hazard assessment. Version 2.1, December 2011. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), Available via http://www.echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13643/information_requirements_part_b_en.pdf.
    • (2011)
  • 24
    • 84886597960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECHA, Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.4: Evaluation of available information. Version 1.1. December 2011. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Available via
    • ECHA, 2011b. Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.4: Evaluation of available information. Version 1.1. December 2011. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Available via http://www.echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13643/information_requirements_r4_en.pdf.
    • (2011)
  • 25
    • 84886590244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECHA, Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance. Version 2.0. November 2012. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Available via
    • ECHA, 2012a. Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance. Version 2.0. November 2012. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Available via http://www.echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r7a_en.pdf.
    • (2012)
  • 26
    • 84886587083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ECHA, Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. Version 2.1. November 2012. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Available via
    • ECHA, 2012b. Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.8: Characterisation of dose [concentration]-response for human health. Version 2.1. November 2012. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Available via http://www.echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13632/information_requirements_r8_en.pdf.
    • (2012)
  • 27
    • 84886589036 scopus 로고
    • EEC, Council Directive 76/768/EEC. Cosmetics Directive - the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products. Available via
    • EEC, 1976. Council Directive 76/768/EEC. Cosmetics Directive - the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1976L0768:20080424:en:PDF.
    • (1976)
  • 28
    • 84886592042 scopus 로고
    • EEC, Council Directive 83/417/EEC. The approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to certain lactoproteins (caseins and caseinates) intended for human consumption. Available via
    • EEC, 1983. Council Directive 83/417/EEC. The approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to certain lactoproteins (caseins and caseinates) intended for human consumption. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1983:237:0025:012:EN:HTML.
    • (1983)
  • 29
    • 84886588806 scopus 로고
    • EEC, a. Council Directive 91/414/EEC. The placing of plant protection products on the market. Available via
    • EEC, 1991a. Council Directive 91/414/EEC. The placing of plant protection products on the market. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31991L0414:EN:HTML.
    • (1991)
  • 30
    • 84886592190 scopus 로고
    • EEC, Council Regulation (EEC) No 1601/91. General rules on the definition, description and presentation of aromatized wines, aromatized wine-based drinks and aromatized wine-product cocktails. Available via
    • EEC, 1991b. Council Regulation (EEC) No 1601/91. General rules on the definition, description and presentation of aromatized wines, aromatized wine-based drinks and aromatized wine-product cocktails. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31991R1601:EN:HTML.
    • (1991)
  • 31
    • 84886591336 scopus 로고
    • EEC, Council Regulation (EEC) No 315/93. Community procedures for contaminants in food. Available via
    • EEC, 1993. Council Regulation (EEC) No 315/93. Community procedures for contaminants in food. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31993R0315:EN:HTML.
    • (1993)
  • 32
    • 77149171287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidance of the Scientific Committee on a request from EFSA on the use of the benchmark dose approach in risk assessment
    • Available via <, EFSA
    • EFSA Guidance of the Scientific Committee on a request from EFSA on the use of the benchmark dose approach in risk assessment. EFSA J. 2009, 1150:1-72. Available via
    • (2009) EFSA J. , vol.1150 , pp. 1-72
  • 33
    • 70350170830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidance of EFSA prepared by the scientific panel of food contact material, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids on the submission of a dossier on food enzymes
    • Available via <, EFSA
    • EFSA Guidance of EFSA prepared by the scientific panel of food contact material, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids on the submission of a dossier on food enzymes. EFSA J. 2009, 1305:1-26. Available via
    • (2009) EFSA J. , vol.1305 , pp. 1-26
  • 34
    • 85039905172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific opinion on arsenic in food. EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM) European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
    • Available via <, EFSA
    • EFSA Scientific opinion on arsenic in food. EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM) European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy. EFSA J. 2009, 7(10):1351. Available via
    • (2009) EFSA J. , vol.7 , Issue.10 , pp. 1351
  • 35
    • 70350170830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific opinion on cadmium in food. Food - scientific opinion of the panel on contaminants in the food chain. EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain
    • Available via <. EFSA
    • EFSA Scientific opinion on cadmium in food. Food - scientific opinion of the panel on contaminants in the food chain. EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain. EFSA J. 2009, 980:1-139. Available via
    • (2009) EFSA J. , vol.980 , pp. 1-139
  • 36
    • 80053093440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Draft Guidance on the data required for the risk assessment of flavourings. EFSA panel on food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids; draft guidance on the data required for the risk assessment of flavourings
    • Available via <, EFSA
    • EFSA Draft Guidance on the data required for the risk assessment of flavourings. EFSA panel on food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids; draft guidance on the data required for the risk assessment of flavourings. EFSA J. 2010, 8(6):1623. Available via
    • (2010) EFSA J. , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 1623
  • 37
    • 85078375225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific opinion on melamine in food and feed. EFSA Panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM) and EFSA panel on food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids (CEF); scientific opinion on melamine in food and feed
    • Available via <, EFSA
    • EFSA Scientific opinion on melamine in food and feed. EFSA Panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM) and EFSA panel on food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids (CEF); scientific opinion on melamine in food and feed. EFSA J. 2010, 8(4):1573. Available via
    • (2010) EFSA J. , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 1573
  • 38
    • 77956600855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific opinion on lead in food. EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM)
    • Available via <, EFSA
    • EFSA Scientific opinion on lead in food. EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM). EFSA J. 2010, 8(4):1570. Available via
    • (2010) EFSA J. , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 1570
  • 39
    • 80054994368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific opinion on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM). European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
    • Available via <, EFSA
    • EFSA Scientific opinion on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM). European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy. EFSA J. 2011, 9(5):2156. Available via
    • (2011) EFSA J. , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 2156
  • 40
    • 84962143908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EFSA panel on food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids (CEF); scientific opinion on flavouring group evaluation 13, Revision 2 (FGE.13 Rev2): furfuryl and furan derivatives with and without additional side-chain substituents and heteroatoms from chemical group 14
    • [126 pp.]. Available via <, EFSA
    • EFSA EFSA panel on food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids (CEF); scientific opinion on flavouring group evaluation 13, Revision 2 (FGE.13 Rev2): furfuryl and furan derivatives with and without additional side-chain substituents and heteroatoms from chemical group 14. EFSA J. 2011, 9(8):2313. [126 pp.]. http://dx.doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2313. Available via
    • (2011) EFSA J. , vol.9 , Issue.8 , pp. 2313
  • 41
    • 84886595565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EFSA, c. Use of BMDS and PROAST software packages by EFSA Scientific Panels and Units for applying the Benchmark Dose (BMD) approach in risk assessment. EN-113. [190 pp.]. Available via
    • EFSA, 2011c. Use of BMDS and PROAST software packages by EFSA Scientific Panels and Units for applying the Benchmark Dose (BMD) approach in risk assessment. EN-113. [190 pp.]. Available via http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/pub/113e.htm.
    • (2011)
  • 42
    • 84877605882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidance for submission for food additive evaluations. EFSA panel on food additives and nutrient sources added to Food (ANS)
    • Available via <, EFSA
    • EFSA Guidance for submission for food additive evaluations. EFSA panel on food additives and nutrient sources added to Food (ANS). EFSA J. 2012, 10(7):2760. Available via
    • (2012) EFSA J. , vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp. 2760
  • 43
    • 84886598621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMEA, The rules governing medicinal products in the European Union. Volume 8. October 2005. Notice to applicants and Guideline. Veterinary medicinal products. Establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for residues of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin
    • EMEA, 2005. The rules governing medicinal products in the European Union. Volume 8. October 2005. Notice to applicants and Guideline. Veterinary medicinal products. Establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for residues of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin http://www.ec.europa.eu/health/files/eudralex/vol-8/pdf/vol8_10-2005_en.pdf.
    • (2005)
  • 44
    • 84886583115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMEA, European Medicines Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use, Veterinary Medicines and Inspections. EMEA/CVMP/383063/2006-Final. FIROCOXIB, SUMMARY REPORT, October 2006. Available via
    • EMEA, 2006. European Medicines Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use, Veterinary Medicines and Inspections. EMEA/CVMP/383063/2006-Final. FIROCOXIB, SUMMARY REPORT, October 2006. Available via http://www.emea.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Maximum_Residue_Limits_-_Report/2009/11/WC500014271.pdf.
    • (2006)
  • 45
    • 84886600649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Commission Regulation (EU) No 37/2010. Pharmacologically active substances and their classification regarding maximum residue limits in foodstuffs of animal origin. Available via
    • EU, 2010. Commission Regulation (EU) No 37/2010. Pharmacologically active substances and their classification regarding maximum residue limits in foodstuffs of animal origin. Available via http://www.ec.europa.eu/health/files/eudralex/vol-5/reg_2010_37/reg_2010_37_en.pdf.
    • (2010)
  • 46
    • 84886582248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. Plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Available via
    • EU, 2011. Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. Plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:012:0001:0089:EN:PDF.
    • (2011)
  • 47
    • 84886595646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, a. Regulation (EU) No 528/2012. Making available on the market and use of biocidal products. Available via
    • EU, 2012a. Regulation (EU) No 528/2012. Making available on the market and use of biocidal products. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:167:0001:0123:EN:PDF.
    • (2012)
  • 48
    • 84886601617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, b. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 872/2012. Adopting the list of flavouring substances provided for by Regulation (EC) No 2232/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council, introducing it in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 and Commission Decision 1999/217/EC. Available via
    • EU, 2012b. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 872/2012. Adopting the list of flavouring substances provided for by Regulation (EC) No 2232/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council, introducing it in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 and Commission Decision 1999/217/EC. Available via http://www.eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:267:0001:0161:EN:PDF.
    • (2012)
  • 49
    • 84886587676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IPCS, Principles for Modelling Dose-Response for the Risk Assessment of Chemicals. Environmental Health Criteria 239. Available via
    • IPCS, 2009. Principles for Modelling Dose-Response for the Risk Assessment of Chemicals. Environmental Health Criteria 239. Available via http://www.whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241572392_eng.pdf.
    • (2009)
  • 50
    • 84886590744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JECFA, Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives (Contaminants). Seventy-second meeting. Rome, 16-25 February 2010. Summary available via
    • JECFA, 2010. Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives (Contaminants). Seventy-second meeting. Rome, 16-25 February 2010. Summary available via http://www.who.int/foodsafety/chem/summary72_rev.pdf.
    • (2010)
  • 51
    • 84866517419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is a food and what is a medicinal product in the European Union? Use of the benchmark dose (BMD) methodology to define a threshold for ''pharmacological action''
    • Lachenmeier D.W., Steffen C., el-Atma O., Maixner S., Löbell-Behrends S., Kohl-Himmelseher M. What is a food and what is a medicinal product in the European Union? Use of the benchmark dose (BMD) methodology to define a threshold for ''pharmacological action''. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2012, 64:286-295.
    • (2012) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.64 , pp. 286-295
    • Lachenmeier, D.W.1    Steffen, C.2    el-Atma, O.3    Maixner, S.4    Löbell-Behrends, S.5    Kohl-Himmelseher, M.6
  • 52
    • 84886586950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTP, NTP Technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (CAS RN 67-47-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). National Toxicology Program, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, June 2010. NTP TR 554 NIH Publication No 10-5895. National Institutes of Health Public Health Service, U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services. Available via
    • NTP, 2010. NTP Technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (CAS RN 67-47-0) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). National Toxicology Program, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, June 2010. NTP TR 554 NIH Publication No 10-5895. National Institutes of Health Public Health Service, U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services. Available via http://www.google.nl/url?q=http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/LT_rpts/TR554.pdf&sa=U&ei=idBdT_W9PNCZOpvyiJ4N&ved=0CBQQFjAA&usg=AFQjCNHD4_XKB5hZlRS0ALVFGwmQqtRQpg.
    • (2010)
  • 53
    • 84886587669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCCP, The SCCP's Notes of Guidance for Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation, 6th ed. Available via
    • SCCP, 2006. The SCCP's Notes of Guidance for Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation, 6th ed. Available via http://www.ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_sccp/docs/sccp_o_03j.pdf.
    • (2006)
  • 54
    • 84886589645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCCS, The SCCS's Notes of Guidance for Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation 7th edition. Available via
    • SCCS, 2010. The SCCS's Notes of Guidance for Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation 7th edition. Available via http://www.ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/consumer_safety/docs/sccs_s_004.pdf.
    • (2010)
  • 55
    • 14844333125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A statistical evaluation of toxicity study designs for the estimation of the Benchmark dose in continuous endpoints
    • Slob W., Moerbeek M., Rauniomaa E., Piersma A.H. A statistical evaluation of toxicity study designs for the estimation of the Benchmark dose in continuous endpoints. Toxicol. Sci. 2005, 84:167-185.
    • (2005) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 167-185
    • Slob, W.1    Moerbeek, M.2    Rauniomaa, E.3    Piersma, A.H.4
  • 56
    • 84886584480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNsG, Technical Notes for Guidance for Annex I, revised chapter 4.1, quantitative human health risk characterisation. September, 2009. Available via
    • TNsG, 2009. Technical Notes for Guidance for Annex I, revised chapter 4.1, quantitative human health risk characterisation. September, 2009. Available via http://www.ihcp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/our_activities/public-health/risk_assessment_of_Biocides/doc/TNsG/TNsG_ANNEX_I_INCLUSION/Revision_TNsG_Annex_I_Inclusion_Chapter_4.1_2009.pdf.
    • (2009)
  • 58
    • 84886601530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA, Benchmark Dose Technical Guidance. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Risk Assessment Forum. EPA/100/R-12/001. June 2012. Washington, D.C. 20460.
    • US EPA, 2012. Benchmark Dose Technical Guidance. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Risk Assessment Forum. EPA/100/R-12/001. June 2012. Washington, D.C. 20460.
    • (2012)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.