Wool-Structure, Mechanical Properties and Technical Products based on Animal Fibres

Industrial Applications of Natural Fibres: Structure, Properties and Technical Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 255-266

  Popescu, Crisan ^a   Wortmann, Franz Josef ^b  

^a Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Characteristic temperatures viscoelastic transitions characteristic of semi crystalline polymers; Chemistry and morphology representative of keratin fibres; Fibre availability most widely used keratin fibre; Mechanics of fibre maximising suitability for purpose; Products based on wool fibres clothing or interior textiles industry; Wool first fibre used for making textiles; Wool structure, mechanical properties and technical products based on animal fibres

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886489804     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470660324.ch12     Document Type: Chapter

References (41)

1. Astbury, W.T. (1933) Some problems in the X-ray analysis of the structure of animal hairs and other protein fibers. Trans. Faraday Soc., 29, 193-211.
2. Astbury, W.T. and Street, A. (1931) X-ray studies of the structure of hair, wool and related fibres. I: general. Phil. Trans. R. Lond. Soc., A230, 75-101.
3. Astbury, W.T. and Woods, H.J. (1934) X-ray studies of the structures of hair, wool and related fibres. II. The molecular structure and elastic properties of hair keratin. Phil. Trans. R. Lond. Soc., A232, 333-394.
4. Bendit, E.G. (1968) The distribution of high-and low-sulfur fractions in alpha-keratin. Text. Res. J., 38, 15-21.
5. Bendit, E.G. and Feughelman, M. (1968) Keratin. Encycl. Polym. Sci. Technol., 8, 1-44.
6. Bobeth, W. (1993) Textile Faserstoffe, Beschaffenheit und Eigenschaften. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
7. Chapman, B.M. (1975a) The rheological behaviour of keratin during the ageing process. Rheol. Acta, 14, 466-470.
8. Chapman, B.M. (1975b) The ageing of wool. Part I: ageing at various temperatures. J. Text. Inst., 66, 339-342.
9. Crick, F.H.C. (1952) Is alpha-keratin a coiled coil. Nature, 170, 882-883.
10. Crick, F.H.C. and Kendrew, J.C. (1957) X-ray analysis and protein structure. Adv. Protein Chem., 12, 133-214.
11. Crighton, J.S. and Hole, E.R. (1985) A study of wool in aqueous media by high pressure differential analysis, in Proceedings of the 7th International Wool Textile Research Conference, Tokyo, Japan, Vol. I, pp. 283-292.
12. Feughelman, M. (1959) A two-phase structure for keratin fibers. Text. Res. J., 29, 223-228.
13. Feughelman, M. (1989) A note on the water-impenetrable component of a-keratin fibers. Text. Res. J., 59, 739-742.
14. Feughelmann, M. (1994) A model for the mechanical properties of the a-keratin cortex. Text. Res. J., 64, 236-239.
15. Feughelman, M. and Haly, A.R. (1960) The mechanical properties of the ortho-and para-like components of Lincoln wool fibers. Text. Res. J., 30, 897-900.
16. Flory, P.J. (1953) Principles of Polymer Chemistry. Cornell University Press, New York, NY, USA.
17. Fox, T.G. (1956) Influence of diluent and of copolymer composition on the glass temperature of a polymer system. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 1, 123.
18. Haly, A.R. and Snaith, J.W. (1967) Differentielle Thermoanalyse von Wolle. Die Phasenumwandlungsendotherme unter verschiedenen Bedingungen. Text. Res. J., 37, 898-907.
19. Hearle, J.W.S. and Chapman, B.M. (1968) On polymeric materials containing fibrils with a phase transition. I. General discussion of mechanics applied particularly to wool fibers. J. Macromolec. Sci. Phys. B, 2, 663-695.
20. Hoecker, H. and Wortmann, G. (2003) Unconventional uses of wool. IWTO Meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
21. Huson, M.G. (1991) DSC investigation of the physical ageing and deageing of wool. Polym. Int., 26, 157-161.
22. Kalichevsky,M.T., Jaroszkiewics, E.M. andBlanshard, J.M.V. (1992) Glass transition of gluten. 1: gluten and gluten-sugar mixtures. Int. J. Biol. Macromolec., 14, 257-266.
23. Katoh, K., Shibayama, M., Tanabe, T. and Yamauchi, K. (2004) Preparation and properties of keratin-poly(vinyl alcohol) blend fiber. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91, 756-762.
24. King, A.T. (1926) The specific gravity of wool and its relation to swelling and sorption in water and other liquids. J. Text. Inst., 17, T53-T67.
25. Kure, J.M., Pierlot, A.P., Russell, I.M. and Shanks, R.A. (1997) The glass transition of wool: an improved determination using DSC. Text. Res. J., 67, 18-22.
26. Menefee, E. and Yee, G. (1965) Thermally-induced structural changes in wool. Text. Res. J., 35, 801-812.
27. Onions, W.J. (1962) Wool. An Introduction to its Properties, Varieties, Uses and Production. Ernest Benn Ltd, London, UK.
28. Pauling, L., Corey R.B. and Branson, H.R. (1951) The structure of proteins: two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 37, 205-211.
29. Phillips, D.G. (1985) Detecting a glass transition in wool by differential scanning calorimetry. Text. Res. J., 55, 171-174.
30. Popescu, C. and Höcker, H. (2007) Hair-the most sophisticated biological composite material. Chem. Soc. Rev., 36, 1282-1291.
31. Rosenbaum, S. (1970) Solution of water in polymers: the keratin-water isotherm. J. Polym. Sci., C31, 45-55.
32. Speakman, J.B. (1930) Adsorption of water by wool. J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 49, 209T-213T.
33. Spei, M. and Holzem, R. (1989) Thermoanalytical determination of the relative helix content of keratins. Colloid. Polym. Sci., 267, 549-551.
34. Stewart, R.G. (1985) Wool Scouring and Allied Technology, 2nd edition. Caxton Press, Christchurch, New Zealand.
35. Struik, L.C.E. (1978) Physical Ageing in Amorphous Polymers and Other Materials. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
36. Sukumar, A. and Subramanian, R. (2003) Elements in the hair of workers at a workshop, foundry, a match factory. Ind. Health., 41, 63-68.
37. Wortmann, F.-J. (1992) Thermo-und hydroplastische Eigenschaften von Wollfasern. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen, Germany.
38. Wortmann, F.-J. and DeJong, S. (1985) Analysis of the humidity-time superposition for wool fibers. Text. Res. J., 55, 750-756.
39. Wortmann, F.-J. and Deutz, H. (1993) Characterising keratins using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry (HPDSC). J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 48, 137-150.
40. Wortmann, F.-J., Rigby, B.J. and Phillips, D.G. (1984) Glass transition temperature of wool as a function of regain. Text. Res. J., 54, 6-8.
41. Zahn, H., Schaeffer, K. and Popescu, C. (2003) Wool from animal sources, in Biopolymers. Vol. 8. Polyamides and Complex Proteinaceous Materials II, ed. by Steinbüchel, A. and Fahnestock, S.R. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany