Remote sensing of the global ocean circulation

International Geophysics

Volumn 103, Issue , 2013, Pages 83-111

  Fu, Lee Lueng ^a   Morrow, Rosemary ^b  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b OBSERVATOIRE MIDI PYRÉNÉES   (France)

Author keywords

Altimetry; Ocean circulation; Ocean eddies; Ocean Mass; Radiometry; Remote sensing; Scatterometry; Sea level

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886404941     PISSN: 00746142     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-391851-2.00004-0     Document Type: Chapter

References (193)

1. Ablain M., Cazenave A., Valladeau G., Guinehut S. A new assessment of the error budget of global mean sea level rate estimated by satellite altimetry over 1993-2008. Ocean Sci. 2009, 5:193-201.
2. Bingham R.J., Hughes C.W. Observing seasonal bottom pressure variability in the North Pacific with GRACE. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L08607. 10.1029/2005GL025489.
3. Birol F., Cancet M., Estournel C. Aspects of the seasonal variability of the Northern Current (NW Mediterranean Sea) observed by altimetry. J. Mar. Syst. 2010, 81:297-311. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2010.01.005.
4. Boening C., Lee T., Zlotnicki V. A record high ocean bottom pressure in the South Pacific observed by GRACE. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38:L04602. 10.1029/2010GL046013.
5. Boening C., Willis J.K., Landerer F.W., Nerem R.S., Fasullo J. The 2011 La Niña: so strong, the oceans fell. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012, 39:L19602. 10.1029/2012GL053055.
6. Bonjean F., Lagerloef G. Diagnostic model and analysis of the surface currents in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2002, 32:2938-2954.
7. Bouffard J., Vignudelli S., Herrmann M., Lyard F., Marsaleix P., Ménard Y., et al. Comparison of ocean dynamics with a regional circulation model and improved altimetry in the North-Western Mediterranean. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. 2008, 19:117-133. 10.3319/TAO.2008.19.1-2.117.
8. Bouffard J., Pascual A., Ruiz S., Faugère Y., Tintoré J. Coastal and mesoscale dynamics characterization using altimetry and gliders: a case study in the Balearic Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:C10029. 10.1029/2009JC006087.
9. Bowen M., Emery W.J., Wilkin J.L., Tildesley P., Barton I.J., Knewtson R. Extracting multiyear surface currents from sequential thermal imagery using the Maximum Cross Correlation technique. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2002, 19:1665-1676.
10. Brachet S., Le Traon P.Y., Le Provost C. Mesoscale variability from a high-resolution model and from altimeter data in the North Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:C12025. 10.1029/2004JC002360.
11. Bromirski P.D., Miller A.J., Flick R.E., Auad G. Dynamical suppression of sea level rise along the Pacific coast of North America: indications for imminent acceleration. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:C07005. 10.1029/2010JC006759.
12. Bryden H.L., Longworth H.R., Cunningham S.A. Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25° N. Nature 2005, 438:655-657. 10.1038/nature04385.
13. Caballero A., Pascual A., Dibarboure G., Espino M. Sea level and eddy kinetic energy variability in the Bay of Biscay inferred from satellite altimeter data. J. Mar. Syst. 2007, 72:116-134.
14. Cai W. Antarctic ozone depletion causes an intensification of the Southern Ocean super-gyre circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L03712. 10.1029/2005GL024911.
15. Capet X., Klein P., Hua B.L., Lapeyre G., McWilliams J.C. Surface kinetic energy transfer in surface quasi-geostrophic flows. J. Fluid Mech. 2008, 604:165-174.
16. Carton J.A., Chao Y. Carribean Sea eddies inferred from Topex/Poseidon altimetry and 1/6° Atlantic Ocean model simulation. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104(C4):7743-7752.
17. Chaigneau A., Pizarro O. Eddy characteristics in the eastern South Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, vol. 110:C06005. 10.1029/2004JC002815.
18. Chaigneau A., Le Texier M., Eldin G., Grados C., Pizarro Ó. Vertical structure of mesoscale eddies in the eastern South Pacific Ocean: a composite analysis from altimetry and Argo profiling floats. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, vol. 116:C11025. 10.1029/2011JC007134.
19. Chambers D.P. Evaluation of new GRACE time-variable gravity data over the ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L17603. 10.1029/2006GL027296.
20. Chambers D.P. Observing seasonal steric sea level variations with GRACE and satellite altimetry. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:C03010. 10.1029/2005JC002914.
21. Chambers D.P., Willis J.K. Analysis of large-scale ocean bottom pressure variability in the North Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:C11003. 10.1029/2008JC004930.
22. Chambers D.P., Willis J.K. Low-frequency exchange of mass between ocean basins. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:C11008. 10.1029/2009JC005518.
23. Chao Y., Fu L.-L. A comparison between the TOPEX/POSEIDON data and a global ocean general circulation model during 1992-93. J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100:24965-24976.
24. Chelton D.B., Freilich M.H. Scatterometer-based assessment of 10-m wind analyses from the operational ECMWF and NCEP numerical weather prediction models. Mon. Weather Rev. 2005, 133:409-429.
25. Chelton D.B., Schlax M.G. Global observations of oceanic Rossby waves. Science 1996, 272:234-238.
26. Chelton D.B., Wentz F.J. Global microwave satellite observations of sea surface temperature for numerical weather prediction and climate research. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2005, 86:1097-1115.
27. Chelton D.B., Xie S.-P. Coupled ocean-atmosphere interaction at oceanic mesoscales. Oceanography 2010, 23(4):52-69.
28. Chelton D.B., Mestas-Nuñez A.M., Freilich M.H. Global wind stress and Sverdrup circulation from the Seasat scatterometer. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1990, 20:1175-1205.
29. Chelton D.B., Esbensen S.K., Schlax M.G., Thum N., Freilich M.H., Wentz F.J., et al. Observations of coupling between surface wind stress and sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Clim. 2001, 14:1479-1498.
30. Chelton D.B., Schlax M.G., Freilich M.H., Milliff R.F. Satellite radar measurements reveal short-scale features in the wind stress field over the world ocean. Science 2004, 303:978-983.
31. Chelton D.B., Schlax M.G., Samelson R.M., de Szoeke R.A. Global observations of large oceanic eddies. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L15606. 10.1029/2007GL030812.
32. Chelton D.B., Schlax M.G., Samelson R.M. Global observations of nonlinear mesoscale eddies. Prog. Oceanogr. 2011, 91:167-216.
33. Chelton D.B., Gaube P., Schlax M.G., Early J.J., Samelson R.M. The influence of nonlinear mesoscale eddies on near-surface oceanic chlorophyll. Science 2011, 334:328-332. 10.1126/science.1208897.
34. Cornillon P., Park K.-A. Warm core ring velocities inferred from NSCAT. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:575-578.
35. Cotté C., d'Ovidio F., Chaigneau A., Lévy M., Taupier-Letage I., Mate B., et al. Scale-dependent interactions of resident Mediterranean whales with marine dynamics. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2011, 56(1):219-232.
36. Cunningham S.A., et al. Temporal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5 degrees N. Science 2007, 317(5840):935-938. 10.1126/science.1141304.
37. Cushman-Roisin B., Chassignet E.P., Tang B. Westward motion of mesoscale eddies. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1990, 20:97-113.
38. d'Ovidio F., Isern-Fontanet J., López C., García-Ladona E., Hernández-García E. d'Comparison between Eulerian diagnostics and the finite-size Lyapunov exponent computed from altimetry in the Algerian Basin. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2009, 56:15-31.
39. d'Ovidio F., De Monte S., Alvain S., Danonneau Y., Lévy M. Fluid dynamical niches of phytoplankton types. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:18366-18370. 10.1073/pnas.1004620107.
40. de Ruijter W.P.M., Biastoch A., Drijfhout S.S., Lutjeharms J.R.E., Matano R.P., Pichevin T., et al. Indian-Atlantic inter-ocean exchange: dynamics, estimation and impact. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:20,885-20,910.
41. de Ruijter W.P.M., van Aken H.M., Beier E.J., Lutjeharms J.R.E., Matano R.P., Schouten M.W. Eddies and dipoles around South Madagascar: formation, pathways and large-scale impact. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2004, 51:383-400.
42. Desprès A., Reverdin G., d'Ovidio F. Surface fronts and currents in the Irminger sea. Ocean Model. 2011, 39:97-113.
43. Dibarboure G., Pujol M.-I., Briol F., Le Traon P.-Y., Larnicol G., Picot N., et al. Jason-2 in DUACS: first tandem results and impact on processing and products. Mar. Geod. 2011, 34:214-241.
44. Domingues C.M., Church J., White N., Gleckler P., Wijffels S., Barker P., et al. Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise. Nature 2008, 453(7198):1090-1093.
45. Dong S., Gille S.T., Sprintall J. An assessment of the Southern Ocean mixed layer heat budget. J. Clim. 2007, 20:4425-4442.
46. Durand F., Shankar D., Birol F., Shenoi S.S.C. Spatio-temporal structure of the East India Coastal Current from satellite altimetry. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 114:C02013. 10.1029/2008JC004807.
47. Dussurget R., Birol F., Morrow R., Demey P. Fine resolution altimetry data for a regional application in the Bay of Biscay. Mar. Geod. 2011, 34:447-476.
48. Eden C., Böning C. Sources of eddy kinetic energy in the Labrador Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2002, 32:3346-3363.
49. Fang F., Morrow R. Warm-core eddy propagation in the southeast Indian Ocean. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2003, 50:2245-2261.
50. Ferrari R. A frontal challenge for climate models. Science 2011, 332:316. 10.1126/science.1203632.
51. Fu L.-L. Ocean circulation and variability from satellite altimetry. Ocean Circulation and Climate 2001, 141-172. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. G. Siedler, J. Church, J. Gould (Eds.).
52. Fu L.-L. Pattern and velocity of propagation of the global ocean eddy variability. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:C11017. 10.1029/2009JC005349.
53. Fu L.-L., Chelton D.B. Large-scale ocean circulation. Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences. A Handbook of Techniques and Applications 2001, 133-169. Academic Press, San Diego. L.-L. Fu, A. Cazenave (Eds.).
54. Fu L.-L., Ferrari R. Observing oceanic submesoscale processes from space. Eos 2008, 89(48):488.
55. Fu L.-L., Rodriguez R. High-resolution measurement of ocean surface topography by radar interferometry for oceanographic and geophysical applications. State of the Planet: Frontiers and Challenges 2004, vol. 19:209-224. IUGG, Washington, DC. R.S.J. Sparks, C.J. Hawkesworth (Eds.).
56. Fu L.-L., Smith R.D. Global ocean circulation from satellite altimetry and high-resolution computer simulation. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1996, 77:2625-2636.
57. Fu L.-L., Cheng B., Qiu B. 25-Day period large-scale oscillations in the Argentine Basin revealed by the TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2001, 31:506-517.
58. Fu L.-L., Chelton D.B., Le Traon P.-Y., Morrow R. Eddy dynamics from satellite altimetry. Oceanography 2010, 23(4):14-25.
59. Fukumori I., Raghunath R., Fu L.-L. The nature of global large-scale sea level variability in relation to atmospheric forcing: a modeling study. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:5493-5512.
60. Garcon V.C., Oschlies A., Doney S.C., McGillicuddy D.J., Waniek J. The role of mesoscale variability on plankton dynamics in the North Atlantic. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2001, 48:2199-2226.
61. Gill A.E. Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics 1982, 662. Academic Press, New York.
62. GODAE Strategic Plan, 2000. Prepared by the International GODAE Steering Team. GODAE Report No. 6, December.
63. Goni G.J., DeMaria M., Knaff J., Sampson C., Ginis I., Bringas F., et al. Applications of satellite-derived ocean measurements to tropical cyclone intensity forecasting. Oceanography 2009, 22(3):176-183.
64. Gourcuff C., Lherminier P., Mercier H., Le Traon P.-Y. Altimetry combined with hydrography for ocean transport estimation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2011, 28:1324-1337. 10.1175/2011JTECHO818.1.
65. Hakkinen S., Rhines P.B. Decline of subpolar North Atlantic circulation during the 1990s. Science 2004, 309:555-559.
66. Hakkinen S., Rhines P.B. Shifting surface currents of the northern North Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:C04005. 10.1029/2008JC004883.
67. Hashizume H., Xie S.-P., Fujiwara M., Shiotani M., Watanabe T., Tanimoto Y., et al. Direct observations of atmospheric boundary layer response to slow SST variations on the Pacific equatorial front. J. Clim. 2002, 15:3379-3393.
68. Hátún H., Eriksen C.C., Rhines P.B. Buoyant eddies entering the Labrador Sea observed with gliders and altimetry. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2007, 37(12):2838-2854.
69. Hayes S.P., McPhaden M.J., Wallace J.M. The influence of sea-surface temperature on surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: weekly to monthly variability. J. Clim. 1989, 2:1500-1506.
70. Hogg A.M., Blundell J.R. Interdecadal variability of the Southern Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2006, 36:1626-1644.
71. Hu A., Meehl G.A., Han W., Yin J. Transient response of the MOC and climate to potential melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet in the 21st century. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L10707. 10.1029/2009GL037998.
72. Hughes C.W. Nonlinear vorticity balance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:C11008. 10.1029/2004JC002753.
73. Hughes C.W., Williams S.D.P. The color of sea level: importance of spatial variations in spectral shape for assessing the significance of trends. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:C10048. 10.1029/2010JC006102.
74. Hughes C.W., Wilson C. Wind work on the geostrophic ocean circulation: an observational study of the effect of small scales in the wind stress. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113(2):C02016. 10. 10.1029/2007JC004371.
75. Hughes C.W., Jones M.S., Carnochan S. Use of transient features to identify eastward currents in the Southern Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103(C2):2929-2943.
76. Hughes C.W., Stepanov V.N., Fu L.-L., Barnier B., Hargreaves G.W. Three forms of variability in Argentine Basin Ocean bottom pressure. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:C01011. 10.1029/2006JC003679.
77. Isern-Fontanet J., Garcia-Ladona E., Font J. Identification of marine eddies from altimeter maps. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2003, 20:772-778.
78. Isern-Fontanet J., Lapeyre G., Klein P., Chapron B., Hecht M.W. Three-dimensional reconstruction of oceanic mesoscale currents from surface information. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:C09005. 10.1029/2007JC004692.
79. Isoguchi O., Kawamura H. Eddies advected by time-dependent Sverdrup circulation in the western boundary of the subarctic North Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30(15):1794. 10.1029/2003GL017652.
80. Jayne S.R. The circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean from altimetry and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment geoid. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:C03005. 10.1029/2005JC003128.
81. Jayne S.R., Marotzke J. The oceanic eddy heat transport. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2002, 32:3328-3345. 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032.
82. Johannessen J.A., Kudryavtsev V., Akimov D., Eldevik T., Winther N., Chapron B. On radar imaging of current features: 2. Mesoscale eddy and current front detection. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110(C7):C07017. 34.
83. Keihm S.S., Brown J., Teixeira S., Desai W., Lu E., Fetzer C., et al. Ocean water vapor and cloud liquid water trends from 1992 to 2005 TOPEX Microwave Radiometer data. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:D18101. 10.1029/2009JD012145.
84. Kelly K.A., Dickinson S., McPhaden M.J., Johnson G.C. Ocean currents evident in satellite wind data. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:2469-2472.
85. Kelly K.A., Small R.J., Samelson R., Qiu B., Joyce T.M., Cronin M., et al. Western boundary currents and frontal air-sea interaction: Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension. J. Clim. 2010, 23:5644-5667.
86. Killworth P.D., Cipollini P., Uz B.M., Blundell J.R. Physical and biological mechanisms for planetary waves observed in satellite-derived chlorophyll. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:C07002. 10.1029/2003JC001768.
87. Klein P., Hua B.L. The meso scale variability of the sea surface temperature: an analytical and numerical model. J. Mar. Res. 1990, 48:729-763.
88. Klein P., Hua B.L., Lapeyre G., Capet X., LeGentil S., Sasaki H. Upper ocean turbulence from high 3-D resolution simulations. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38:1748-1763.
89. Lapeyre G., Klein P. Dynamics of the upper oceanic layers in terms of surface quasigeostrophy theory. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2006, 36:165-176.
90. Larnicol G., Guinehut S., Rio M.-H., Drevillon M., Faugere Y., Nicolas G. The Global Observed Ocean Products of the French Mercator project 2006, ESA Special Publication, Frascati, Italy, SP-614.
91. Le Hénaff M., Roblou L., Bouffard J. Characterizing the Navidad current interannual variability using coastal altimetry. Ocean Dyn. 2010, 61:425-437.
92. Le Traon P.Y., Dibarboure G. Velocity mapping capabilities of present and future altimeter missions: the role of high frequency signals. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2002, 19:2077-2088.
93. Le Traon P.-Y., Morrow R.A. Ocean currents and mesoscale eddies. Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences. A Handbook of Techniques and Applications 2001, 171-215. Academic Press, San Diego. L.-L. Fu, A. Cazenave (Eds.).
94. Le Traon P.Y., Klein P., Hua B.L., Dibarboure G. Do altimeter data agree with interior or surface quasi-geostrophic theory. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38(5):1137-1142.
95. Lee T., McPhaden M.J. Decadal phase change in large-scale sea level and winds in the Indo-Pacific region at the end of the 20th century. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L01605. 10.1029/2007GL032419.
96. Lee T., Hobbs W., Willis J., Halkides D., Fukumori I., Armstrong E., et al. Record warming in the South Pacific and western Antarctica associated with the strong central-Pacific El Nino in 2009-10. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37:L19704. 10.1029/2010GL044865.
97. Lehahn Y., d'Ovidio F., Lévy M., Heitzel E. Stirring of the Northeast Atlantic spring bloom: a Lagrangian analysis based on multi-satellite data. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:C08005. 10.1029/2006JC003927.
98. Leuliette E.W., Miller L. Closing the sea level rise budget with altimetry, Argo, and GRACE. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L04608.
99. Lévy M. The modulation of biological production by oceanic mesoscale turbulence. Lecture Notes in Physics 2008, vol. 744:219-261. Springer, Berlin. 10.1007/978-3-540-75215-8_9. J.B. Weiss, A. Provenzale (Eds.).
100. Lévy M., Klein P. Does the low-frequency variability of mesoscale dynamics explain a part of the phytoplankton and zooplankton spectral variability?. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 2004, 460(2046):1673-1683. 10.1098/rspa.2003.1219.
101. Lévy M., Klein P., Treguier A.-M. Impacts of sub-mesoscale physics on phytoplankton production and subduction. J. Mar. Res. 2001, 59:535-565. 10.1357/002224001762842181.
102. Lilly J.M., Rhines P.B., Schott F., Lavender K., Lazier J., Send U., et al. Observations of the Labrador Sea eddy field. Prog. Oceanogr. 2003, 59(1):75-176. 10.1016/j.pocean.2003.08.013.
103. Liu A.K., Hsu M.-K. Deriving ocean surface drift using multiple SAR sensors. Remote Sens. 2009, 2009(1):266-277. 10.3390/rs1030266.
104. Liu W.T., Tang W.Q. Equivalent neutral wind 1996, 8. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publications 96-19, Pasadena, CA, (Available online at. http://airsea-www.jpl.nasa.gov/data.html.
105. Liu W.T., Xie X., Polito P.S., Xie S.-P., Hashizume H. Atmospheric manifestation of tropical instability waves observed by QuikSCAT and Tropical Rain Measuring Mission. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000, 27:2545-2548.
106. Liu W.T., Xie X., Niiler P.P. Ocean-atmosphere interaction over Agulhas extension meanders. J. Clim. 2007, 20:5784-5797. 10.1175/2007JCLI1732.1.
107. Llovel W., Becker M., Cazenave A., Jevrejeva S., Alkama R., Decharme B., et al. Terrestrial waters and sea level variations on interannual time scale. Glob. Planet. Change 2011, 75(1-2):76-82. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.10.008.
108. Lyman J.M., Good S.A., Gouretski V.V., Ishii M., Johnson G.C., Palmer M.D., et al. Robust warming of the global upper ocean. Nature 2010, 465:334-337.
109. Marshall J., Shuckburgh E., Jones H., Hill C. Estimates and implications of surface eddy diffusivity in the Southern Ocean derived from tracer transport. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2006, 36:1806-1821.
110. Martin A.P., Richard K.J., Bracco A., Provenzale A. Patchy productivity in the open ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2002, 16(2):1025. 9 pp. 10.1029/2001GB001449.
111. Maximenko N., Melnichenko O.V., Niiler P.P., Sasaki H. Stationary mesoscale jet-like features in the ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L08603. 10.1029/2008GL033267.
112. Maximenko N., Niiler P., Centurioni L., Rio M.-H., Melnichenko O., Chambers D., et al. Mean dynamic topography of the ocean derived from satellite and drifting buoy data using three different techniques. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2009, 26(9):1910-1919.
113. McGillicuddy D.J., Robinson A.R., Siegel D.A., Jannasch H.W., Johnson R., Dickey T.D., et al. Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargasso Sea. Nature 1998, 394:263-265.
114. Meredith M.P., Hogg A.M. Circumpolar response of Southern Ocean eddy activity to changes in the Southern Annular Mode. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L16608. 10.1029/2006GL026499.
115. Minobe S., Kuwano-Yoshida A., Komori N., Xie S.-P., Small R.J. Influence of the Gulf Stream on the troposphere. Nature 2008, 452:206-209.
116. Morrow R.A., Le Traon P.Y. Recent advances in observing mesoscale ocean dynamics with satellite altimetry. Adv. Space Res. 2011, 50:1062-1076.
117. Morrow R.A., Brut A., Chaigneau A. Seasonal and interannual variations of the upper ocean energetics between Tasmania and Antarctica. Deep Sea Res. 2002, 50(3):339-356.
118. Morrow R.A., Fang F., Fieux M., Molcard R. Anatomy of three warm-core Leeuwin Current eddies. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2003, 50:2229-2243.
119. Morrow R.F., Birol D., Griffin J.Sudre Divergent pathways of anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31:L24311. 10.1029/2004GL020974.
120. Morrow R., Ward M.L., Hogg A.M., Pasquet S. Eddy response to Southern Ocean climate modes. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:C10030. 10.1029/2009JC005894.
121. Nerem S., Mitchum G.T. Sea level change. Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences: A Handbook for Techniques and Applications 2001, 329-349. Academic Press, San Diego, 423 pp. L.-L. Fu, A. Cazenave (Eds.).
122. Nerem R., Chambers D., Choe C., Mitchum G. Estimating mean sea level change from the TOPEX and Jason altimeter missions. Mar. Geod. 2010, 33(1):435-446.
123. Nieves V., Turiel A. Analysis of ocean turbulence using adaptive CVE on altimetric maps. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2009, 77(4):482-494. 10.1016/j.jmarsys. 2008.12.001.
124. Niiler P.P. The world ocean surface circulation. International Geophysics Series 2001, vol. 77:193-204. Academic Press, San Diego. G. Siedler, J. Church, J. Gould (Eds.).
125. Niiler P.P., Maximenko N.A., Panteleev G.G., Yamagata T., Olson D.B. Near-surface dynamical structure of the Kuroshio Extension. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108(C6):3193. 10.1029/2002JC001461.
126. O'Neill L.W., Chelton D.B., Esbensen S.K. Observations of SST-induced perturbations of the wind stress field over the Southern Ocean on seasonal timescales. J. Clim. 2003, 16:2340-2354.
127. O'Neill L.W., Chelton D.B., Esbensen S.K., Wentz F.J. High-resolution satellite measurements of the atmospheric boundary layer response to SST variations along the Agulhas Return Current. J. Clim. 2005, 18:2706-2723.
128. O'Neill L.W., Esbensen S.K., Thum N., Samelson R.M., Chelton D.B. Dynamical analysis of the boundary layer and surface wind responses to mesoscale SST perturbations. J. Clim. 2010, 23(3):559-581.
129. Paci A., Caniaux G., Gavart M., Giordani H., Levy M., Prieur L., et al. A high-resolution simulation of the ocean during the POMME experiment: simulation results and comparison with observations. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:C07S09. 10.1029/2004JC002712.
130. Pascual A., Faugere Y., Larnicol G., Le Traon P.Y. Improved description of the ocean mesoscale variability by combining four satellite altimeters. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33(2). Art. No. L02611.
131. Pascual A., Pujol M.I., Larnicol G., Le Traon P.Y., Rio M.H. Mesoscale mapping capabilities of multisatellite altimeter missions: first results with real data in the Mediterranean Sea. J. Mar. Syst. 2007, 65:190-211. 2005. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2004.12.004.
132. Penduff T., Barnier B., Dewar W.K., O'Brien J.J. Dynamical response of the oceanic eddy field to the North Atlantic Oscillation: a model-data comparison. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2004, 34:2615-2629.
133. Polito P.S., Ryan J.P., Liu W.T., Chavez F.P. Oceanic and atmospheric anomalies of tropical instability waves. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:2233-2236.
134. Ponte R.M., Quinn K.J. Bottom pressure changes around Antarctica and wind-driven meridional flows. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L13604. 10.1029/2009GL039060.
135. Pujol M.I., Larnicol G. Mediterranean Sea eddy kinetic energy variability from 11 years of altimetric data. J. Mar. Syst. 2005, 58:121-142.
136. Qiu B. Seasonal eddy modulation of the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent: Topex/Poseidon observations and theory. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1999, 29:2471-2486.
137. Qiu B., Chen S. Seasonal modulations in the eddy field of the South Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2004, 34:1515-1527.
138. Qiu B., Chen S. Eddy-induced heat transport in the subtropical North Pacific from Argo, TMI and altimetry measurements. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2005, 35:458-473.
139. Qiu B., Chen S. Decadal variability in the large-scale sea surface height field of the South Pacific Ocean: observations and causes. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2006, 36:1751-1762.
140. Qiu B., Chen S. Eddy-mean flow interaction in the decadally modulating Kuroshio Extension system. Deep Sea Res. 2010, 57:1097-1110.
141. Qiu B., Scott R., Chen S. Length scales of eddy generation and nonlinear evolution of the seasonally-modulated South Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38:1515-1528.
142. Quilfen Y., Chapron B., Bentamy A., Gourrion J., El Fouhaily T., Vandemark D. Global ERS 1 and 2 and NSCAT observations: upwind crosswind and upwind downwind measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:11459-11469.
143. Reynolds R.W., Rayner N.A., Smith T.M., Stokes D.C., Wang W. An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J. Clim. 2002, 15:1609-1625.
144. Richards K.J., Maximenko N.A., Bryan F.O., Sasaki H. Zonal jets in the Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L03605. 10.1029/2005GL024645.
145. Ridgway K., Dunn J. Observational evidence for a Southern Hemisphere oceanic 'Supergyre'. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L13612. 10.1029/2007GL030392.1.
146. Rio M.H., Guinehut S., Larnicol G. New CNES-CLS09 global mean dynamic topography computed from the combination of GRACE data, altimetry, and in situ measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:C07018. 10.1029/2010JC006505.
147. Risien C.R., Chelton D.B. A global climatology of surface wind and wind stress fields from eight years of QuikSCAT scatterometer data. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38:2379-2413.
148. Roblou L., Lamouroux J., Bouffard J., Lyard F., Le Hénaff M., Lombard A., et al. Post-processing altimeter data towards coastal applications and integration into coastal models. Coastal Altimetry 2011, 217-246. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg. S. Vignudelli, A.G. Kostianoy, P. Cipollini, J. Benveniste (Eds.).
149. Roemmich D. Super spin in the southern seas. Nature 2007, 449:34-35.
150. Roemmich D., Gilson J. Eddy transport of heat and thermocline waters in the North Pacific: a key to interannual/decadal climate variability?. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2001, 31:675-688.
151. Roemmich D., Gilson J., Davis R., Sutton P., Wijffels S., Riser S. Decadal spin-up of the South Pacific subtropical gyre. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2007, 37(2):162-173.
152. Rouault M.J., Mouche A., Collard F., Johannessen J.A., Chapron B. Mapping the Agulhas Current from space: an assessment of ASAR surface current velocities. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:C10026. 10.1029/2009JC006050.
153. Rummel R. Height unification using GOCE. J. Geodetic Sci. 2013, 2(4):355-362. Versita, ISSN 2081-9943. 10.2478/v10156-011-0047-2.
154. Sallée J.B., Speer K., Morrow R., Lumpkin R. An estimate of Lagragian eddy statistics and diffusion in the mixed layer of the Southern Ocean. J. Mar. Res. 2008, 66(4):441-446.
155. Sallée J.B., Morrow R., Speer K. Eddy heat diffusion and Subantarctic Mode Water formation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L05607. 10.1029/2007GL032827.
156. Sallée J.B., Speer K., Rintoul S.R. Mean-flow and topography control on surface eddy-mixing in the Southern Ocean. J. Mar. Res. 2011, 69:753-777.
157. Samelson R.M., Wiggins S. Lagrangian Transport in Geophysical Jets and Waves 2006, 147. Springer-Verlag, New York.
158. Sangrà P., Pascual A., Rodríguez-Santana Á., Machín F., Mason E., McWilliams J.C., et al. The Canary Eddy Corridor: a major pathway for long-lived eddies in the subtropical North Atlantic. Deep Sea Res. 2009, 56(12):2100-2114. 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.08.008.
159. Saraceno M., Strub P.T., Kosro P.M. Estimates of sea surface height and near-surface alongshore coastal currents from combinations of altimeters and tide gauges. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:C11013. 10.1029/2008JC004756.
160. Schlax M.G., Chelton D.B. The influence of mesoscale eddies on the detection of quasi-zonal jets in the ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L24602.
161. Schlax M.G., Chelton D.B., Freilich M.H. Sampling errors in wind fields constructed from single and tandem scatterometer datasets. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2001, 18:1014-1036.
162. Scott R.B., Arbic B.K. Spectral energy fluxes in geostrophic turbulence: implications for ocean energetics. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2007, 37(3):673-688.
163. Scott R.B., Wang F. Direct evidence of an oceanic inverse kinetic energy cascade from satellite altimetry. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2005, 35(9):1650-1666.
164. Siedler G., Church J., Gould J. Ocean Circulation & Climate 2001, 715. Academic Press, San Diego.
165. Siegel D.A., Court D.B., Menzies D.W., Peterson P., Maritorena S., Nelson N.B. Satellite and in situ observations of the bio-optical signatures of two mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea. Deep Sea Res. Part II 2008, 55:1218-1230.
166. Small R.J., deSzoeke S.P., Xie S.-P., O'Neill L., Seo H., Song Q., et al. Air-sea interaction over ocean fronts and eddies. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 2008, 45:274-319.
167. Smith K.S. The geography of linear baroclinic instability in the Earth's oceans. J. Mar. Res. 2007, 65:655-683.
168. Sokolov S., Rintoul S.R. Circumpolar structure and distribution of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current fronts: 1. Mean circumpolar paths. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:C11018. 10.1029/2008JC005108.
169. Sokolov S., Rintoul S.R. Circumpolar structure and distribution of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current fronts: 2. Variability and relationship to sea surface height. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:C11019. 10.1029/2008JC005248.
170. Souza J.M.A.C., de Boyer Montegut C., Le Traon P.Y. Mesoscale eddies in the South Atlantic. Ocean Sci. Discuss. 2011, 8:483-531. 10.5194/osd-8-483-2011.
171. Stammer D. On eddy characteristics, eddy transports and mean flow properties. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1998, 28:727-739.
172. Sudre J., Morrow R. Global surface currents: a high-resolution product for investigating ocean dynamics. Ocean Dyn. 2008, 58(2):101-118.
173. Tapley B.D., Bettadpur S., Ries J.C., Thompson P.F., Watkins M. GRACE measurements of mass variability in the Earth system. Science 2004, 305:503-505.
174. Tapley B.D., Ries J., Bettadpur S., Chambers D., Cheng M., Condi F., et al. GGM02-an improved Earth gravity field model from GRACE. J. Geod. 2005, 79(8):467-478. 10.1007/s00190-005-0480-z.
175. Tew Kai E., Rossi V., Sudre J., Weimerskirch H., Lopez C., Hernandez-Garcia E., et al. Top marine predators track Lagrangian coherent structures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106(20):8245-8250. 10.1073/pnas.0811034106.
176. Thiébaux J., Rogers E., Wang W., Katz B. A new high-resolution blended real-time global sea surface temperature analysis. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2003, 84:645-656.
177. Thompson A.F., Sallée J.-B. Jets and topography: jet transitions and the impact on transport in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2012, 42:956-972. 10.1175/JPO-D-11-0135.1.
178. Timmermann A., McGregor S., Jin F.-F. Wind effects on the past and future regional sea level trends in the Southern Indo-Pacific. J. Clim. 2010, 23:4429-4437.
179. Turiel A., Sol J., Nieves V., Ballabrera-Poy J., Garcia-Ladona E. Tracking oceanic currents by singularity analysis of Micro-Wave Sea Surface Temperature images. Remote Sens. Environ. 2008, 112:2246-2260.
180. Turiel A., Nieves V., Garcia-Ladona E., Font J., Rio M.-H., Larnicol G. The multifractal structure of satellite sea surface temperature maps can be used to obtain global maps of streamlines. Ocean Sci. 2009, 5:447-460.
181. van Sebille E., Kamenkovich I., Willis J.K. Quasi-zonal jets in 3D Argo data of the northeast Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38:L02606. 10.1029/2010GL046267.
182. Velicogna I. Increasing rates of ice mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets revealed by GRACE. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2009, 36:L19503. 10.1029/2009GL040222.
183. Wallace J.M., Mitchell T.P., Deser C. The influence of sea surface temperature on surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: seasonal and interannual variability. J. Clim. 1989, 2:1492-1499.
184. Willis J.K. Can in situ floats and satellite altimeters detect long-term changes in Atlantic Ocean overturning?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37:L06602. 10.1029/2010GL042372.
185. Willis J.K., Fu L.-L. Combining altimeter and subsurface float data to estimate the time-averaged circulation in the upper ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:C12017. 10.1029/2007JC004690.
186. Willis J.K., Roemmich D., Cornuelle B. Interannual variability in upper ocean heat content, temperature, and thermosteric expansion on global scales. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:C12036. 10.1029/2003JC002260.
187. Willis J.K., Chambers D.P., Kuo C.-Y., Shum C.K. Global sea level rise: recent progress and challenges for the decade to come. Oceanography 2010, 23(4):26-35.
188. Xie S.-P. Satellite observations of cool ocean-atmosphere interaction. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2004, 85:195-208.
189. Xie S.-P., Ishiwatari M., Hashizume H., Takeuchi K. Coupled ocean-atmospheric waves on the equatorial front. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998, 25:3863-3866.
190. Xu Y., Fu L.-L. The effects of altimeter instrument noise on the estimation of the wavenumber spectrum of sea surface height. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2012, 42:2229-2233. 10.1175/JPO-D-12-0106.1.
191. Yoder J.A., Doney S.C., Siegel D.A., Wilson C. Study of marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry now and in the future: examples of the unique contributions from space. Oceanography 2010, 23(4):104-117. 10.5670/oceanog.2010.09.
192. Yoshida S., Qiu B., Hacker P. Wind generated eddy characteristics in the lee of the island of Hawaii. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115:C03019. 10.1029/2009JC005417.
193. Zlotnicki V., Wahr J., Fukumori I., Song Y.T. Antarctic circumpolar current transport variability during 2003-05 from GRACE. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2007, 37:230-244. 10.1175/JPO3009.1.