Efficient decoy-state quantum key distribution with quantified security

Optics Express

Volumn 21, Issue 21, 2013, Pages 24550-24565

  Lucamarini, M ^a   Patel, K A ^a,b   Dynes, J F ^a   Frohlich B ^a   Sharpe, A W ^a   Dixon, A R ^a   Yuan, Z L ^a   Penty, R V ^b   Shields, A J ^a  

^a TOSHIBA CORPORATION   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY;

DECOY STATE; QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS; SECURITY LEVEL;

NETWORK SECURITY;

EID: 84886398734     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.21.024550     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. S. Wiesner, "Conjugate coding," Sigact News 15(1), 78-88 (1983).
2. C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, "Quantum cryptography: public-key distribution and coin tossing," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1984), pp. 175-179.
3. A. K. Ekert, "Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem," Phys. Rev. Lett. 67(6), 661-663 (1991).
4. N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden, "Quantum cryptography," Rev. Mod. Phys. 74(1), 145-195 (2002).
5. V. Scarani, H. Bechmann-Pasquinucci, N. J. Cerf, M. DuŠek, N. Lütkenhaus, and M. Peev, "The security of practical quantum key distribution," Rev. Mod. Phys. 81(3), 1301-1350 (2009).
6. P. D. Townsend, J. G. Rarity, and P. R. Tapster, "Enhanced single-photon fringe visibility in a 10 km-long prototype quantum cryptography," Electron. Lett. 29(14), 1291 (1993).
7. M. Peev, C. Pacher, R. Alléaume, C. Barreiro, J. Bouda, W. Boxleitner, T. Debuisschert, E. Diamanti, M. Dianati, J. F. Dynes, S. Fasel, S. Fossier, M. Fürst, J.-D. Gautier, O. Gay, N. Gisin, P. Grangier, A. Happe, Y. Hasani, M. Hentschel, H. Hübel, G. Humer, T. Länger, M. Legré, R. Lieger, J. Lodewyck, T. Lorünser, N. Lütkenhaus, A. Marhold, T. Matyus, O. Maurhart, L. Monat, S. Nauerth, J.-B. Page, A. Poppe, E. Querasser, G. Ribordy, S. Robyr, L. Salvail, A. W. Sharpe, A. J. Shields, D. Stucki, M. Suda, C. Tamas, T. Themel, R. T. Thew, Y. Thoma, A. Treiber, P. Trinkler, R. Tualle-Brouri, F. Vannel, N. Walenta, H. Weier, H. Weinfurter, I. Wimberger, Z. L. Yuan, H. Zbinden, and A. Zeilinger, "The SECOQC quantum key distribution network in Vienna," New J. Phys. 11(7), 075001 (2009).
8. M. Sasaki, M. Fujiwara, H. Ishizuka, W. Klaus, K. Wakui, M. Takeoka, S. Miki, T. Yamashita, Z. Wang, A. Tanaka, K. Yoshino, Y. Nambu, S. Takahashi, A. Tajima, A. Tomita, T. Domeki, T. Hasegawa, Y. Sakai, H. Kobayashi, T. Asai, K. Shimizu, T. Tokura, T. Tsurumaru, M. Matsui, T. Honjo, K. Tamaki, H. Takesue, Y. Tokura, J. F. Dynes, A. R. Dixon, A. W. Sharpe, Z. L. Yuan, A. J. Shields, S. Uchikoga, M. Legré, S. Robyr, P. Trinkler, L. Monat, J. B. Page, G. Ribordy, A. Poppe, A. Allacher, O. Maurhart, T. Länger, M. Peev, and A. Zeilinger, "Field test of quantum key distribution in the Tokyo QKD Network," Opt. Express 19(11), 10387-10409 (2011).
9. K. Patel, J. F. Dynes, I. Choi, A. W. Sharpe, A. R. Dixon, Z. L. Yuan, R. V. Penty, and A. J. Shields, "Coexistence of high-bit-rate quantum key distribution and data on optical fiber," Phys. Rev. X 2(4), 041010 (2012).
10. B. Fröhlich, J. F. Dynes, M. Lucamarini, A. W. Sharpe, Z. Yuan, and A. J. Shields, "A quantum access network," Nature 501(7465), 69-72 (2013).
11. D. Mayers, D. Coppersmith, ed., in Advances in Cryptology: Proceedings of CRYPTO '95, vol. 963 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, D. Coppersmith, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, 1995), pp. 124-135;
12. in Advances in Cryptology: Proceedings of CRYPTO '96, vol. 1109 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, N. Koblitz, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, 1996), pp. 343-357.
13. H. Inamori, N. Lütkenhaus, and D. Mayers, "Unconditional security of practical quantum key distribution," Eur. Phys. J. D 41(3), 599-627 (2007).
14. S. Watanabe, R. Matsumoto, and T. Uyematsu, "Noise tolerance of the BB84 protocol with random privacy amplification," Int. J. Quantum Inf. 4(6), 935-946 (2006).
15. M. Hayashi, "Practical evaluation of security for quantum key distribution," Phys. Rev. A 74(2), 022307 (2006).
16. M. Hayashi, "Upper bounds of eavesdropper's performances in finite-length code with the decoy method," Phys. Rev. A 76(1), 012329 (2007).
17. V. Scarani and R. Renner, "Quantum cryptography with finite resources: unconditional security bound for discrete-variable protocols with one-way postprocessing," Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(20), 200501 (2008).
18. V. Scarani and R. Renner, "Security bounds for quantum cryptography with finite resources," in Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication, and Cryptography, vol. 5106 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, (Berlin Springer, 2008), pp 83-95.
19. M. Tomamichel, C. C. W. Lim, N. Gisin, and R. Renner, "Tight finite-key analysis for quantum cryptography," Nat Commun 3, 634 (2012).
20. R. Renner, N. Gisin, and B. Kraus, "Information-theoretic security proof for quantum-key-distribution protocols," Phys. Rev. A 72(1), 012332 (2005).
21. B. Kraus, N. Gisin, and R. Renner, "Lower and upper bounds on the secret-key rate for quantum key distribution protocols using one-way classical communication," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(8), 080501 (2005).
22. H.-K. Lo, H. F. Chau, and M. Ardehali, "Efficient quantum key distribution scheme and proof of its unconditional security," J. of Crypt. 18(2), 133-165 (2005).
23. W.-Y. Hwang, "Quantum key distribution with high loss: toward global secure communication," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(5), 057901 (2003).
24. X.-B. Wang, "Beating the photon-number-splitting attack in practical quantum cryptography," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(23), 230503 (2005).
25. H.-K. Lo, X. Ma, and K. Chen, "Decoy state quantum key distribution," Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(23), 230504 (2005).
26. X. Ma, B. Qi, Y. Zhao, and H.-K. Lo, "Practical decoy state for quantum key distribution," Phys. Rev. A 72(1), 012326 (2005).
27. R. Y. Q. Cai and V. Scarani, "Finite-key analysis for practical implementations of quantum key distribution," New J. Phys. 11(4), 045024 (2009).
28. M. Lucamarini, J. F. Dynes, Z. L. Yuan, and A. J. Shields, "Practical treatment of quantum bugs," Proc. SPIE 8542, Electro-Optical Remote Sensing, Photonic Technologies, and Applications VI (2012).
29. M. Hayashi and R. Nakayama, "Security analysis of the decoy method with the Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol fornite key lengths," arXiv:1302.4139 (2013).
30. Z. Wei, W. Wang, Z. Zhang, M. Gao, Z. Ma, and X. Ma, "Decoy-state quantum key distribution with biased basis choice," Sci Rep 3, 2453 (2013).
31. N. J. Beaudry, T. Moroder, and N. Lütkenhaus, "Squashing models for optical measurements in quantum communication," Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(9), 093601 (2008).
32. T. Tsurumaru and K. Tamaki, "Security proof for QKD systems with threshold detectors," Phys. Rev. A 78, 032302 (2008).
33. J. Hasegawa, M. Hayashi, T. Hiroshima, and A. Tomita, "Security analysis of decoy state quantum key distribution incorporatingnite statistics," arXiv:0707.3541 (2007).
34. M. Koashi and J. Preskill, "Secure quantum key distribution with an uncharacterized source," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90(5), 057902 (2003).
35. H. K. Lo and J. Preskill, "Security of quantum key distribution using weak coherent states with nonrandom phases," Quantum Inf. Comput. 7, 431 (2007).
36. M. Koashi, "Efficient quantum key distribution with practical sources and detectors," arXiv:quant-ph/0609180 (2006).
37. A. Wald, "Tests of statistical hypotheses concerning several parameters when the number of observations is large," in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 54 (1943), pp. 426-482.
38. A. Agresti and B. A. Coull, "Approximate is better than 'exact' for interval estimation of binomial proportions," Am. Stat. 52, 119 (1998).
39. J. W. Harrington, J. M. Ettinger, R. J. Hughes, and J. E. Nordholt, "Enhancing practical security of quantum key distribution with a few decoy states," arXiv:quant-ph/0503002 (2005).
40. P. Rice and J. W. Harrington, "Numerical analysis of decoy state quantum key distribution protocols," arXiv:0901.0013 (2009).
41. C. Clopper and E. S. Pearson, "The use of confidence or fiducial limits illustrated in the case of the binomial," Biometrika 26(4), 404-413 (1934).
42. R. Renner, "Symmetry of large physical systems implies independence of subsystems," Nat. Phys. 3(9), 645-649 (2007).
43. S. Boyd and L. Vandenberghe, Convex Optimization (Cambridge University Press, 2004).
44. Z. L. Yuan, B. E. Kardynal, A. W. Sharpe, and A. J. Shields, "High speed single photon detection in the near infrared," Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(4), 041114 (2007).
45. C. Erven, X. Ma, R. Lãamme, and G. Weihs, "Entangled quantum key distribution with a biased basis choice," New J. Phys. 11(4), 045025 (2009).
46. J. Hasegawa, M. Hayashi, T. Hiroshima, A. Tanaka, and A. Tomita, "Experimental decoy state quantum key distribution with unconditional security incorporating finite statistics," arXiv:0705.3081 (2007).
47. D. Rosenberg, C. G. Peterson, J. W. Harrington, P. R. Rice, N. Dallmann, K. T. Tyagi, K. P. McCabe, S. Nam, B. Baek, R. H. Hadfield, R. J. Hughes, and J. E. Nordholt, "Practical long-distance quantum key distribution system using decoy levels," New J. Phys. 11(4), 045009 (2009).
48. P. Jouguet, S. Kunz-Jacques, A. Leverrier, P. Grangier, and E. Diamanti, "Experimental demonstration of longdistance continuous-variable quantum key distribution," Nat. Photonics 7(5), 378-381 (2013).