메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 14, 2013, Pages 1685-1699

Evidence of transient topographic disequilibrium in a landward passive margin river system: Knickpoints and paleo-landscapes of the New River basin, southern Appalachians

Author keywords

Appalachians; Knickpoint; Passive margin topography; Relict landscape; Transient incision

Indexed keywords

APPALACHIANS; EASTERN NORTH AMERICA; KNICKPOINT; PHYSICAL EVIDENCE; RELICT LANDSCAPE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; TOPOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS;

EID: 84886307176     PISSN: 01979337     EISSN: 10969837     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/esp.3406     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 34248578869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new chronology for the age of Appalachian erosional surfaces determined by cosmogenic nuclides in cave sediments
    • DOI. 10.1002/esp.1446.
    • Anthony DM, Granger DE. 2007. A new chronology for the age of Appalachian erosional surfaces determined by cosmogenic nuclides in cave sediments. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32: 874-887. DOI. 10.1002/esp.1446.
    • (2007) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , vol.32 , pp. 874-887
    • Anthony, D.M.1    Granger, D.E.2
  • 2
    • 84879879337 scopus 로고
    • Old courses of the New River: its late Cenozoic migration and bedrock control inferred from high-level stream gravels, southwestern Virginia
    • Bartholomew MJ, Mills HH. 1991. Old courses of the New River: its late Cenozoic migration and bedrock control inferred from high-level stream gravels, southwestern Virginia. Geological Society of America Bulletin 103: 73-81.
    • (1991) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.103 , pp. 73-81
    • Bartholomew, M.J.1    Mills, H.H.2
  • 3
    • 77954329161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steepened channels upstream of knickpoints: controls on relict landscape response
    • F03018. DOI. 10.1029/2008JF001148
    • Berlin MM, Anderson RS. 2009. Steepened channels upstream of knickpoints: controls on relict landscape response. Journal of Geophysical Research 114: F03018. DOI. 10.1029/2008JF001148
    • (2009) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.114
    • Berlin, M.M.1    Anderson, R.S.2
  • 4
    • 78649808767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many surface expressions of mantle dynamics
    • DOI. 10.1038/ngeo1020
    • Braun J. 2010. The many surface expressions of mantle dynamics. Nature Geoscience 3: 825-833. DOI. 10.1038/ngeo1020
    • (2010) Nature Geoscience , vol.3 , pp. 825-833
    • Braun, J.1
  • 6
    • 25444532246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The non-equilibrium landscape of the southern Sierra Nevada, California
    • DOI. 10.1130/1052-5173(2005)015<4:TNELOT>2.0.CO;2
    • Clark MK, Gweltaz M, Saleeby J, Farley KA. 2005. The non-equilibrium landscape of the southern Sierra Nevada, California. GSA Today 15: 4-10. DOI. 10.1130/1052-5173(2005)015<4:TNELOT>2.0.CO;2
    • (2005) GSA Today , vol.15 , pp. 4-10
    • Clark, M.K.1    Gweltaz, M.2    Saleeby, J.3    Farley, K.A.4
  • 7
    • 34147137353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a regional, relict landscape to measure vertical deformation of the eastern Tibetan Plateau
    • F03002. DOI. 10.1029/2005JF000294
    • Clark MK, Royden LH, Burchfiel BC, Whipple KX, Zhang X, Tang W. 2006. Use of a regional, relict landscape to measure vertical deformation of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research 111: F03002. DOI. 10.1029/2005JF000294
    • (2006) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.111
    • Clark, M.K.1    Royden, L.H.2    Burchfiel, B.C.3    Whipple, K.X.4    Zhang, X.5    Tang, W.6
  • 8
    • 33846340895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erosion rate of the Appalachian Plateau in the vicinity of the New River Gorge, West Virginia
    • Clifton T, Granger DE. 2005. Erosion rate of the Appalachian Plateau in the vicinity of the New River Gorge, West Virginia. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 37: 18.
    • (2005) Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs , vol.37 , pp. 18
    • Clifton, T.1    Granger, D.E.2
  • 9
    • 0020642510 scopus 로고
    • Progressive changes in the morphology of fluvial terraces and scarps along the Rappahannock River, Virginia
    • Colman SM. 1983. Progressive changes in the morphology of fluvial terraces and scarps along the Rappahannock River, Virginia. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 8: 201-212.
    • (1983) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , vol.8 , pp. 201-212
    • Colman, S.M.1
  • 10
    • 33750698220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knickpoint initiation and distribution within fluvial networks: 236 waterfalls in the Waipaoa River, North Island, New Zealand
    • Crosby BT, Whipple KX. 2006. Knickpoint initiation and distribution within fluvial networks: 236 waterfalls in the Waipaoa River, North Island, New Zealand. Geomorphology 82: 16-38.
    • (2006) Geomorphology , vol.82 , pp. 16-38
    • Crosby, B.T.1    Whipple, K.X.2
  • 12
    • 72149123655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep-mantle contributions to the surface dynamics of the North American continent
    • DOI. 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.06.010
    • Forte AM, Moucha R, Simmons NA, Grand SP, Mitrovica JX. 2010. Deep-mantle contributions to the surface dynamics of the North American continent. Tectonophysics 481: 3-15. DOI. 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.06.010
    • (2010) Tectonophysics , vol.481 , pp. 3-15
    • Forte, A.M.1    Moucha, R.2    Simmons, N.A.3    Grand, S.P.4    Mitrovica, J.X.5
  • 13
    • 33947381806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knickpoint evolution in a vertically-bedded substrate, upstream-dipping terraces, and Atlantic slope bedrock channels
    • DOI. 10.1130/B25965.1
    • Frankel KL, Pazzaglia FJ, Vaughan JD. 2007. Knickpoint evolution in a vertically-bedded substrate, upstream-dipping terraces, and Atlantic slope bedrock channels. Geological Society of America Bulletin 119: 476-486. DOI. 10.1130/B25965.1
    • (2007) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.119 , pp. 476-486
    • Frankel, K.L.1    Pazzaglia, F.J.2    Vaughan, J.D.3
  • 15
    • 0021061118 scopus 로고
    • Experimental study of knickpoint and longitudinal profile in cohesive, homogeneous material
    • DOI.10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<664:ESOKAL>2.0.CO;2
    • Gardner TW. 1983. Experimental study of knickpoint and longitudinal profile in cohesive, homogeneous material. Geological Society of America Bulletin 94: 664-672. DOI.10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<664:ESOKAL>2.0.CO;2
    • (1983) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.94 , pp. 664-672
    • Gardner, T.W.1
  • 16
    • 84879879340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pliocene-Pleistocene incision of the Green River, determined from radioactive decay of cosmogenic Al-26 and Be-10 in Mammoth Cave sediments
    • Granger DE, Fabel D, Palmer AN. 2001. Pliocene-Pleistocene incision of the Green River, determined from radioactive decay of cosmogenic Al-26 and Be-10 in Mammoth Cave sediments. Geological Society of America Bulletin 113: 825-836.
    • (2001) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.113 , pp. 825-836
    • Granger, D.E.1    Fabel, D.2    Palmer, A.N.3
  • 18
    • 84879624124 scopus 로고
    • Origin and history of the Teays drainage system: the view from midstream
    • Melborn WM, Kempton JP (eds). Geological Society of America Special Paper 258. Geological Society of America: Washington, DC;
    • Gray HH. 1991. Origin and history of the Teays drainage system: the view from midstream. In Geology and Hydrogeology of the Teays-Mahomet Bedrock Valley System, Melborn WM, Kempton JP (eds). Geological Society of America Special Paper 258. Geological Society of America: Washington, DC; 43-50.
    • (1991) Geology and Hydrogeology of the Teays-Mahomet Bedrock Valley System , pp. 43-50
    • Gray, H.H.1
  • 19
    • 78149296680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butte detachment: how pre-rift geological structure and drainage integration drive escarpment evolution at rifted continental margins
    • DOI.10.1002/esp.1973
    • Gunnell Y, Harbor DJ. 2010. Butte detachment: how pre-rift geological structure and drainage integration drive escarpment evolution at rifted continental margins. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 35: 1373-1385. DOI.10.1002/esp.1973
    • (2010) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , vol.35 , pp. 1373-1385
    • Gunnell, Y.1    Harbor, D.J.2
  • 20
    • 84886310964 scopus 로고
    • Studies of Longitudinal Stream Profiles in Virginia and Maryland, US Geological Survey Professional Paper Report P 0294-B. US Geological Survey: Reston, VA;
    • Hack JT. 1957. Studies of Longitudinal Stream Profiles in Virginia and Maryland, US Geological Survey Professional Paper Report P 0294-B. US Geological Survey: Reston, VA; 47-97.
    • (1957) , pp. 47-97
    • Hack, J.T.1
  • 21
    • 0003069986 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of erosional topography in humid temperate regions
    • Hack JT. 1960. Interpretation of erosional topography in humid temperate regions. American Journal of Science 258: 80-97.
    • (1960) American Journal of Science , vol.258 , pp. 80-97
    • Hack, J.T.1
  • 22
    • 84886310965 scopus 로고
    • Geomorphology of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, and the Origin of the Residual Ore Deposits, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 484. US Geological Survey: Reston, VA;
    • Hack JT. 1965. Geomorphology of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia and West Virginia, and the Origin of the Residual Ore Deposits, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 484. US Geological Survey: Reston, VA; 84 pp.
    • (1965) , pp. 84
    • Hack, J.T.1
  • 23
    • 0002696215 scopus 로고
    • Drainage adjustment in the Appalachians
    • Morisawa M (ed.). State University of New York: Binghamton, NY;
    • Hack JT. 1973. Drainage adjustment in the Appalachians. In Fluvial Geomorphology, Morisawa M (ed.). State University of New York: Binghamton, NY; 51-69.
    • (1973) Fluvial Geomorphology , pp. 51-69
    • Hack, J.T.1
  • 24
    • 84874971015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical modeling of fluvial strath-terrace formation in response to oscillating climate
    • Hancock GS, Anderson RS. 2002. Numerical modeling of fluvial strath-terrace formation in response to oscillating climate. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114: 1131-1142.
    • (2002) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.114 , pp. 1131-1142
    • Hancock, G.S.1    Anderson, R.S.2
  • 25
    • 0033368101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dating fluvial terraces with Be-10 and Al-26 profiles: application to the Wind River, Wyoming
    • Hancock GS, Anderson RS, Chadwick OA, Finkel RC. 1999. Dating fluvial terraces with Be-10 and Al-26 profiles: application to the Wind River, Wyoming. Geomorphology 27: 41-60.
    • (1999) Geomorphology , vol.27 , pp. 41-60
    • Hancock, G.S.1    Anderson, R.S.2    Chadwick, O.A.3    Finkel, R.C.4
  • 26
    • 33846378171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10Be: implications for relief production in the central Appalachians
    • DOI. 10.1130/G23147A.1
    • 10Be: implications for relief production in the central Appalachians. Geology 35: 89-92. DOI. 10.1130/G23147A.1
    • (2007) Geology , vol.35 , pp. 89-92
    • Hancock, G.S.1    Kirwan, M.2
  • 27
    • 36248937667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient fluvial incision in the headwaters of the Yellow River, northeastern Tibet, China
    • F03S04. DOI. 10.1029/2006JF000570
    • Harkins N, Kirby E, Heimsath A, Robinson R, Reiser U. 2007. Transient fluvial incision in the headwaters of the Yellow River, northeastern Tibet, China. Journal of Geophysical Research 112: F03S04. DOI. 10.1029/2006JF000570
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.112
    • Harkins, N.1    Kirby, E.2    Heimsath, A.3    Robinson, R.4    Reiser, U.5
  • 28
    • 84886307959 scopus 로고
    • Erosional History of the New River, Southern Appalachians, Virginia, US Geological Survey Open File Report 81-771. US Geological Survey: Reston, VA;
    • Houser BB. 1981. Erosional History of the New River, Southern Appalachians, Virginia, US Geological Survey Open File Report 81-771. US Geological Survey: Reston, VA; 225 pp.
    • (1981) , pp. 225
    • Houser, B.B.1
  • 29
    • 0030470332 scopus 로고
    • Micromorphology and dissolution of quartz sand in some exceptionally ancient soils
    • Howard J, Amos D, Daniels WL. 1995. Micromorphology and dissolution of quartz sand in some exceptionally ancient soils. Sedimentary Geology 105: 51-62.
    • (1995) Sedimentary Geology , vol.105 , pp. 51-62
    • Howard, J.1    Amos, D.2    Daniels, W.L.3
  • 30
    • 84879881993 scopus 로고
    • North American glacial meltwater history for the past 2.3 Ma: oxygen isotope evidence from the Gulf of Mexico
    • Joyce JE, Tjalsma LRC, Prutzman JM. 1993. North American glacial meltwater history for the past 2.3 Ma: oxygen isotope evidence from the Gulf of Mexico. Geology 21: 483-486.
    • (1993) Geology , vol.21 , pp. 483-486
    • Joyce, J.E.1    Tjalsma, L.R.C.2    Prutzman, J.M.3
  • 32
    • 61849162214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying landscape differences across the Tibetan Plateau: implications for topographic relief evolution
    • F04018. DOI. 10.1029/2007JF000897
    • Liu-Zeng J, Tapponier P, Gaudemer Y, Ding L. 2008. Quantifying landscape differences across the Tibetan Plateau: implications for topographic relief evolution. Journal of Geophysical Research 113: F04018. DOI. 10.1029/2007JF000897
    • (2008) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.113
    • Liu-Zeng, J.1    Tapponier, P.2    Gaudemer, Y.3    Ding, L.4
  • 33
    • 0035013394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uplift-driven valley incision and climate-controlled river terrace development in the Thames Valley, UK
    • Maddy D, Bridgland D, Westaway R. 2001. Uplift-driven valley incision and climate-controlled river terrace development in the Thames Valley, UK. Quaternary International 79: 23-36.
    • (2001) Quaternary International , vol.79 , pp. 23-36
    • Maddy, D.1    Bridgland, D.2    Westaway, R.3
  • 34
    • 84879884951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporally and spatially uniform rates of erosion in the southern Appalachian Great Smoky Mountains
    • DOI. 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0155:TASURO>2.0.CO;2
    • Matmon A, Bierman PR, Larsen J, Southworth S, Pavich MJ, Caffee MW. 2003. Temporally and spatially uniform rates of erosion in the southern Appalachian Great Smoky Mountains. Geology 31: 55-158. DOI. 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0155:TASURO>2.0.CO;2
    • (2003) Geology , vol.31 , pp. 55-158
    • Matmon, A.1    Bierman, P.R.2    Larsen, J.3    Southworth, S.4    Pavich, M.J.5    Caffee, M.W.6
  • 35
    • 0003195956 scopus 로고
    • Melhorn WN, Kempton JP (eds).Geological Society of America Special Paper 258. Geological Society of America: Washington, DC.
    • Melhorn WN, Kempton JP (eds). 1991. Geology and hydrogeology of the Teays-Mahomet bedrock valley system. Geological Society of America Special Paper 258. Geological Society of America: Washington, DC.
    • (1991) Geology and hydrogeology of the Teays-Mahomet bedrock valley system
  • 36
    • 0026294246 scopus 로고
    • The influence of bedrock geology on knickpoint development and channel-bed degradation along downcutting streams in south-central Indiana
    • Miller JR. 1991. The influence of bedrock geology on knickpoint development and channel-bed degradation along downcutting streams in south-central Indiana. The Journal of Geology 99: 591-605.
    • (1991) The Journal of Geology , vol.99 , pp. 591-605
    • Miller, J.R.1
  • 37
    • 0025666197 scopus 로고
    • Morphometric assessment of lithologic controls on drainge basin evolution in the Crawford Upland, south-central Indiana
    • Miller JR, Ritter DF, Kochel RC. 1990. Morphometric assessment of lithologic controls on drainge basin evolution in the Crawford Upland, south-central Indiana. American Journal of Science 290: 569-599.
    • (1990) American Journal of Science , vol.290 , pp. 569-599
    • Miller, J.R.1    Ritter, D.F.2    Kochel, R.C.3
  • 39
    • 3643059887 scopus 로고
    • Possible differential uplift of New River terraces in southwestern Virginia
    • Mills HH. 1986. Possible differential uplift of New River terraces in southwestern Virginia. Neotectonics 1: 75-86.
    • (1986) Neotectonics , vol.1 , pp. 75-86
    • Mills, H.H.1
  • 40
    • 84874954387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent increasing rates of stream incision in the eastern United States during the late Cenozoic
    • Mills HH. 2000. Apparent increasing rates of stream incision in the eastern United States during the late Cenozoic. Geology 28: 955-957.
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 955-957
    • Mills, H.H.1
  • 41
    • 0022218581 scopus 로고
    • Long-term change in regime of the New River indicated by vertical variation in extent and weathering intensity of alluvium
    • Mills HH, Wagner JR. 1985. Long-term change in regime of the New River indicated by vertical variation in extent and weathering intensity of alluvium. Journal of Geology 93: 131-142.
    • (1985) Journal of Geology , vol.93 , pp. 131-142
    • Mills, H.H.1    Wagner, J.R.2
  • 43
    • 3042633642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cenozoic increase in accumulation rates of terrestrial sediments: How might climate change have affected erosion rates?
    • DOI. 10.1146/annurev.earth.32.091003.143456
    • Molnar P. 2004. Cenozoic increase in accumulation rates of terrestrial sediments: How might climate change have affected erosion rates? Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 32: 67-89. DOI. 10.1146/annurev.earth.32.091003.143456
    • (2004) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol.32 , pp. 67-89
    • Molnar, P.1
  • 44
    • 39149130375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cosmogenic nuclide-based investigation of spatial erosion and hillslope-channel coupling in the transient foreland of the Swiss Alps
    • DOI. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.07.13
    • Norton KP, von Blanckenburg F, Schlunegger F, Schwab M, Kubik PW. 2008. Cosmogenic nuclide-based investigation of spatial erosion and hillslope-channel coupling in the transient foreland of the Swiss Alps. Geology 95: 474-486. DOI. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.07.13
    • (2008) Geology , vol.95 , pp. 474-486
    • Norton, K.P.1    von Blanckenburg, F.2    Schlunegger, F.3    Schwab, M.4    Kubik, P.W.5
  • 45
    • 0031470346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opening of the central Atlantic and asymmetric mantle upwelling phenomena: implications for long-lived magmatism in western North Africa and Europe
    • Oyarzun R, Doblas M, Lopez-Ruiz J, Cebria JM. 1997. Opening of the central Atlantic and asymmetric mantle upwelling phenomena: implications for long-lived magmatism in western North Africa and Europe. Geology 25: 727-730.
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 727-730
    • Oyarzun, R.1    Doblas, M.2    Lopez-Ruiz, J.3    Cebria, J.M.4
  • 47
    • 0028254084 scopus 로고
    • Late Cenozoic flexural deformation of the middle United States Atlantic passive margin
    • Pazzaglia FJ, Gardner TW. 1994. Late Cenozoic flexural deformation of the middle United States Atlantic passive margin. Journal of Geophysical Research [Solid Earth] 99: 12143-12157.
    • (1994) Journal of Geophysical Research [Solid Earth] , vol.99 , pp. 12143-12157
    • Pazzaglia, F.J.1    Gardner, T.W.2
  • 48
    • 0035912175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased sedimentation rates and grain sizes 2-4 Myr ago due to the influence of climate change on erosion rates
    • DOI. 10.1038/35073504
    • Peizhen Z, Molnar P, Downs WR. 2001. Increased sedimentation rates and grain sizes 2-4 Myr ago due to the influence of climate change on erosion rates. Nature 410: 891-897. DOI. 10.1038/35073504
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 891-897
    • Peizhen, Z.1    Molnar, P.2    Downs, W.R.3
  • 49
    • 77956875498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New physical evidence of the role of stream capture in active retreat of the Blue Ridge Escarpment, southern Appalachians
    • DOI. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.07.023
    • Prince PS, Spotila JA, Henika WS. 2010. New physical evidence of the role of stream capture in active retreat of the Blue Ridge Escarpment, southern Appalachians. Geomorphology 123: 305-319. DOI. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.07.023
    • (2010) Geomorphology , vol.123 , pp. 305-319
    • Prince, P.S.1    Spotila, J.A.2    Henika, W.S.3
  • 50
    • 80054004087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stream capture as driver of transient landscape evolution in a tectonically quiescent setting
    • DOI. 10.1130/G32008.1
    • Prince PS, Spotila JA, Henika WS. 2011. Stream capture as driver of transient landscape evolution in a tectonically quiescent setting. Geology 39: 823-826. DOI. 10.1130/G32008.1
    • (2011) Geology , vol.39 , pp. 823-826
    • Prince, P.S.1    Spotila, J.A.2    Henika, W.S.3
  • 51
    • 0027708051 scopus 로고
    • Variations in slope deposition, Pliocene-Pleistocene, offshore Louisiana, northeast Gulf of Mexico
    • eds), American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 58. American Association of Petroleum Geologists: Tulsa, OK;
    • Pullham AJ. 1993. Variations in slope deposition, Pliocene-Pleistocene, offshore Louisiana, northeast Gulf of Mexico. In Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy: Recent Developments and Applications, Weiner P, Posamentier H (eds), American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 58. American Association of Petroleum Geologists: Tulsa, OK; 199-233.
    • (1993) Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy: Recent Developments and Applications , pp. 199-233
    • Pullham, A.J.1    Weiner, P.2    Posamentier, H.3
  • 52
    • 84886310966 scopus 로고
    • Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology of the Glaciated Ohio River Valley - A Reconnaissance Study, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 826. US Geological Survey: Reston, VA.
    • Ray LL. 1974. Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology of the Glaciated Ohio River Valley - A Reconnaissance Study, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 826. US Geological Survey: Reston, VA.
    • (1974)
    • Ray, L.L.1
  • 53
    • 36248969169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the transient response to base level fall in a small mountain catchment: Sierra Nevada, southern Spain
    • F03S05. DOI. 10.1029/2006JF000524
    • Reinhardt LJ, Bishop P, Hoey TB, Dempster TJ, Sanderson DCW. 2007. Quantification of the transient response to base level fall in a small mountain catchment: Sierra Nevada, southern Spain. Journal of Geophysical Research 112: F03S05. DOI. 10.1029/2006JF000524
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.112
    • Reinhardt, L.J.1    Bishop, P.2    Hoey, T.B.3    Dempster, T.J.4    Sanderson, D.C.W.5
  • 54
    • 0026084529 scopus 로고
    • Apatite fission-track thermochronology of the southern Appalachian basin-Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia
    • Roden MK. 1991. Apatite fission-track thermochronology of the southern Appalachian basin-Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia. Journal of Geology 99: 41-53.
    • (1991) Journal of Geology , vol.99 , pp. 41-53
    • Roden, M.K.1
  • 55
    • 3543076970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geomorphic constraints on surface uplift, exhumation, and plateau growth in the Red River region, Yunnan Province, China
    • Schoenbohm LM, Whipple KX, Burchfiel BC, Chen LZ. 2004. Geomorphic constraints on surface uplift, exhumation, and plateau growth in the Red River region, Yunnan Province, China. Geological Society of America Bulletin 116: 895-909.
    • (2004) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.116 , pp. 895-909
    • Schoenbohm, L.M.1    Whipple, K.X.2    Burchfiel, B.C.3    Chen, L.Z.4
  • 57
    • 1842558441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of the Blue Ridge Escarpment along the passive margin of eastern North America
    • Spotila JA, Bank GC, Reiners PW, Naeser CW, Henika WS. 2004. Origin of the Blue Ridge Escarpment along the passive margin of eastern North America. Basin Research 16: 41-63.
    • (2004) Basin Research , vol.16 , pp. 41-63
    • Spotila, J.A.1    Bank, G.C.2    Reiners, P.W.3    Naeser, C.W.4    Henika, W.S.5
  • 58
    • 0030710091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cave sedimentation, genesis, and erosional history of the Cheat River canyon, West Virginia
    • DOI. 10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0524:CSGAEH>2.3.CO;2
    • Springer GS, Kite SJ, Schmidt VA. 1997. Cave sedimentation, genesis, and erosional history of the Cheat River canyon, West Virginia. Geological Society of America Bulletin 109: 524-532. DOI. 10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0524:CSGAEH>2.3.CO;2
    • (1997) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.109 , pp. 524-532
    • Springer, G.S.1    Kite, S.J.2    Schmidt, V.A.3
  • 59
    • 34250347503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of latent heat release at phase boundaries on flow of the Earth's mantle, phase boundary topography and dynamic topography at the Earth's surface
    • DOI. 10.1016/j.pepi.2007.04.021
    • Steinberger B. 2007. Effects of latent heat release at phase boundaries on flow of the Earth's mantle, phase boundary topography and dynamic topography at the Earth's surface. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 164: 2-20. DOI. 10.1016/j.pepi.2007.04.021
    • (2007) Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors , vol.164 , pp. 2-20
    • Steinberger, B.1
  • 63
    • 0032794846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of relief forming by tectonic uplift and valley incision in orogenesis
    • Sugai T, Ohmori H. 1999. A model of relief forming by tectonic uplift and valley incision in orogenesis. Basin Research 11: 43-57.
    • (1999) Basin Research , vol.11 , pp. 43-57
    • Sugai, T.1    Ohmori, H.2
  • 64
    • 0008365706 scopus 로고
    • Pre-glacial (Teays) and early glacial drainage in the Cincinnati area, Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana
    • DOI. 10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<3677:PTAEGD>2.0.CO;2
    • Teller JT. 1973. Pre-glacial (Teays) and early glacial drainage in the Cincinnati area, Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. Geological Society of America Bulletin 84: 3677-3688. DOI. 10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<3677:PTAEGD>2.0.CO;2
    • (1973) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.84 , pp. 3677-3688
    • Teller, J.T.1
  • 66
    • 84886309392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • first edition. Virginia Canals and Navigation Society: Lexington, VA.
    • Trout WE III. 2003. The New River Atlas, first edition. Virginia Canals and Navigation Society: Lexington, VA.
    • (2003) The New River Atlas
    • Trout, W.E.1
  • 67
    • 84886293612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virginia Division of Mineral Resources. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources: Richmond, VA.
    • Virginia Division of Mineral Resources. 2003. Geologic Map of Virginia, scale 1:500, 000. Virginia Division of Mineral Resources: Richmond, VA.
    • (2003) Geologic Map of Virginia, scale 1:500,000
  • 68
    • 28744447135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New constraints on the late Cenozoic incision history of the New River, Virginia
    • Ward DJ, Spotila JA, Hancock GS, Galbraith JM. 2005. New constraints on the late Cenozoic incision history of the New River, Virginia. Geomorphology 72: 54-72.
    • (2005) Geomorphology , vol.72 , pp. 54-72
    • Ward, D.J.1    Spotila, J.A.2    Hancock, G.S.3    Galbraith, J.M.4
  • 69
    • 84879886551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene strath terraces, climate change, and active tectonics: the Clearwater River basin, Olympic Peninsula, Washington State
    • Wegmann KW, Pazzaglia FJ. 2002. Holocene strath terraces, climate change, and active tectonics: the Clearwater River basin, Olympic Peninsula, Washington State. Geological Society of America Bulletin 114: 731-744.
    • (2002) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.114 , pp. 731-744
    • Wegmann, K.W.1    Pazzaglia, F.J.2
  • 70
    • 0035535906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluvial landscape response time: how plausible is steady-state denudation?
    • DOI. 10.2475/ajs.301.4-5.313
    • Whipple KX. 2001. Fluvial landscape response time: how plausible is steady-state denudation? American Journal of Science 301: 313-325. DOI. 10.2475/ajs.301.4-5.313
    • (2001) American Journal of Science , vol.301 , pp. 313-325
    • Whipple, K.X.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.