Task Design and Motivation

Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics: Fourth Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 397-440

  Luczak, Holger ^a   Kabel, Tanja ^a   Licht, Torsten ^a  

^a RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

European approaches, to humanization of work; German humanization, working life approach; Impact in "management"; Task design and motivation; Work motivation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84886170060     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781118131350.ch14     Document Type: Chapter

References (239)

1. Ackermann, D., and Ulich, E. (1987), "On the Question of Possibilities and Consequences of Individualisation of Human-Computer Interaction," in Psychological Issues of Human-Computer Interaction in the Work Place, M.Frese, E.Ulich, and W. Dzida, Eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 131-145.
2. Adams, J. S. (1963), "Toward an Understanding of Inequity," Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 67, pp. 422-436.
3. Adams, J. S. (1965), "Inequity in Social Change," in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, L. Berkowitz, Ed., Academic, New York.
4. Albrecht, S., and Deutsch, S. (2002), "The Challenge of Economic Democracy: The Case of Sweden," in Economic Democracy: Essays and Research on Workers' Empowerment, W. P. Woodworth, Ed., Sledgehammer, Pittsburgh, PA.
5. Alderfer, C. P. (1969), "An Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Needs," Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, Vol. 4, pp. 142-175.
6. Alderfer, C. P. (1972), Existence, Relatedness, and Growth: Human Needs in Organizational Settings, Free Press, New York.
7. Alioth, A. (1980), Entwicklung und Einführung alternativer Arbeitsformen, Hans Huber, Bern, Switzerland.
8. Alioth, A., Martin, E., and Ulich, E. (1976), "Semi-Autonomous Work Groups in Warehousing," in Proceedings of the 6th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, Washington, DC, pp. 187-191, Human Factors Society, Santa Monica, CA
9. Andriessen, E. J. H., and Coetsier, P. L. (1984), "Industrial Democratization," in Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology, P. J. D.Drenth, H.Thierry, P. J.Willems, and C. J.de Wolff, Eds., Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex, England.
10. Argyris, C. (1964), Integrating the Individual and the Organization, Wiley, New York.
11. Argyris, C. (2001), "Empowerment: The Emperor's New Clothes," in Creative Management, J. Henry, Ed., Sage Publications, London, pp. 195-201.
12. Ash, R. A., Lee, Y.-L., and Dreher, G. F. (1985), "Exploring Determinants of Pay Satisfaction," in Proceedings of the APA Meeting, Los Angeles, pp. 22-27.
13. Atkinson, J. W., and Feather, N. T., Eds. (1966), A Theory of Achievement Motivation, Wiley, New York.
14. Austin, J. T., and Klein, H. J. (1996), "Work Motivation and Goal Striving," in Individual Differences and Behavior in Organizations, K. R. Murphy, Ed., Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
15. Baitsch, C. (1985), Kompetenzentwicklung und partizipative Arbeitsgestaltung, Lang, Bern, Switzerland.
16. Bandura, A. (1982), "Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Human Agency," American Psychologist, Vol. 37, pp. 122-147.
17. Bandura, A. (1989), "Self-Regulation of Motivation and Action through Internal Standards and Goal Systems," in Goal Concepts in Personality and Social Psychology, L. A. Pervin, Ed., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 19-85.
18. Barnes, L. B. (1960), Organizational Systems and Engineering Groups: A Comparative Study of Two Technical Groups in Industry, Division of Research, Harvard Business School, Boston.
19. Blau, G. (1993), "Operationalizing Direction and Level of Effort and Testing Their Relationships to Individual Job Performance," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 152-170.
20. BMFT (1981), "Das Programm 'Forschung zur Humanisierung des Arbeitslebens': Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen arbeitsorientierter Forschung, 1974-1980," in Schriftenreihe "Humanisierung des Arbeitslebens," Vol. 1, Bundesminister für Forschung und Technologie, Ed., Campus Verlag, Frankfurt on Main, Germany.
21. BMWA (2003),"Abschlussbericht zum operationellen Programm in der Bundesrepublik im Rahmen der Gemeinschaftsinitiative ADAPT im Förderzeitraum, 1994- 1999," ARINCO-Nr. 94.DE.05.077, ESF-Nr. 946001 D8, Bonn, Germany, available: http://www.equal-de.de/download/Abschlussbericht-GI%20BESCHAEFTIGUNG.doc, accessed July 28, 2004.
22. Böhrs, H. (1978), "Gruppenfabrikation 1922 in einer deutschen Automobilfabrik," in Veröffentlichungen des REFA zur Humanisierung der Arbeit 2: Artikel aus REFANachrichten und fortgeschrittene Betriebsführung, REFA, Darmstadt, Germany, 1976-1978.
23. Borg, I., Braun, M., and Haeder, M. (1993), "Arbeitswerte in Ost- und Westdeutschland, unterschiedliche Gewichte, aber gleiche Struktur," ZUMA Nachrichten, Vol. 33, pp. 64-82.
24. Brandstättler, V., and Schnelle, J. (2007), in Handbuch der Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, H. Schuler and K. Sonntag, Eds., Hogrefe, Göttingen, pp. 51-65.
25. Brödner, P., and Latniak, E. (2002), "Moderne Arbeitsformen für Innovation und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit: Nationale Förderprogramme zur Entwicklung neuer Formen der Arbeitsorganisation," European Union Technical Report EMPL-2002-12380-00-00-DE-TRA-00 (EN); available: http://iat-info.iatge.de/aktuell/veroeff/ps/broedner02c.pdf, accessed July 28, 2004.
26. Brüggmann, M., Rötting, M., and Luczak, H. (2001), "International Comparison of Occupational Safety and Health Research: A Review Based on Published Articles," International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 387-401.
27. Bungard, W., Antoni, C. H., and Lehnert, E. (1993), Gruppenarbeitskonzepte mittlerer Industriebetriebe: Forschungsbericht, Ehrenhof-Verlag, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
28. Campbell, J. P., and Pritchard, R. D. (1976), "Motivation Theory in Industrial and Organizational Psychology," in Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, M. D. Dunette, Ed., Rand McNally, Chicago, pp. 63-130.
29. Campion, M. A., and McClelland, C. L. (1993), "Follow-up and Extension of the Interdisciplinary Costs and Benefits of Enlarged Jobs," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78, No. 3, pp. 339-351.
30. Caston, R. J., and Braito, R. (1985), "A Specification Issue in Job Satisfaction Research," Sociological Perspectives, April, pp. 175-197.
31. Cherns, A. (1976), "The Principles of Organizational Design," Human Relations, Vol. 29, pp. 783-792.
32. Coffineau, A., and Sarraz, J. P. (1992), "Partizipatives Management und Unternehmensberatung: Das Projekt ISOAR bei Peugeot-Mulhouse," in Management und Partizipation in der Automobilindustrie: ZumWandel der Arbeitsbeziehungen in Deutschland und Frankreich, L. Kißler, Ed., Centre d'Information et de Recherche sur l'Allemagne Contemporaine, Paris.
33. Cummings, T. G. (1978), "Self-Regulating Work Groups: A Socio-Technical Synthesis," Academy of Management Review, Vol. 3, pp. 625.634.
34. Deci, E. L. (1975), Intrinsic Motivation, Plenum, New York.
35. Deci, E. L. (2002), Handbook of Self-Determination Research, University of Rochester Press, Rochester, NY
36. Deci, E. L., and Ryan, R. M. (1985), Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior, Plenum, New York.
37. Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., and Ryan, R. M. (1989), "Self- Determination in a Work Organization," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 74, pp. 580.590.
38. Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., and Kornazheva, B. P. (2001), "Need Satisfaction, Motivation, and Well-Being in the Work Organizations of a Former Eastern Bloc Country," Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 27, pp. 930.942.
39. Duell, W., and Frei, F. (1986), Leitfaden für qualifizierende Arbeitsgestaltung, TÜV Rheinland, Köln, Germany.
40. Dunckel, H. (1996), Psychologisch orientierte Systemanalyse im Büro, Hans Huber, Bern, Switzerland.
41. Dunckel, H., Volpert, W., Zölch, M., Kreutner, U., Pleiss, C., and Hennes, K. (1993), Kontrastive Aufgabenanalyse im Büro: Der KABA-Leitfaden, Teubner, Stuttgart, Germany.
42. Earley, P. Ch., Wojnaroski, P., and Prest, W. (1987), "Task Planning and Energy Expended: Exploration of How Goals Influence Performance," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 72, pp. 107.114.
43. Elden, M. (2002), "Socio-Technical Systems Ideas as Public Policy in Norway: Empowering Participation through Worker-Managed Change," in Economic Democracy: Essays and Research on Workers' Empowerment, W. P. Woodworth, Ed., Sledgehammer, Pittsburgh, PA.
44. Elizur, D., Borg, I., Hunt, R., and Magyari-Beck, I. (1991), "The Structure of Work Values: A Cross Cultural Comparison," Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 12, pp. 21.38.
45. Emery, F. E. (1959), Characteristics of Socio-Technical Systems, Document 527, Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, London.
46. Emery, F. E. (1972), "Characteristics of Socio-Technical Systems," in Job Design, L. E. Davis and J. C. Taylor, Eds., Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England, pp. 177.198.
47. Emery, F. E., and Emery, M. (1974), Participative Design, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
48. Emery, F. E., and Thorsrud, E. (1976), Democracy at Work, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden, The Netherlands.
49. Festinger, L. (1957), A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, Row, Peterson, Evanston, IL.
50. Ford, N. (1969), Motivation through the Work Itself , American Management Association, New York.
51. Frei, F., and Udris, I., Eds. (1990), Das Bild der Arbeit, Hans Huber, Bern, Switzerland.
52. French, E. G. (1958), "Effects of the Interaction of Motivation and Feedback on Task Performance," in Motives in Fantasy, Action, and Society, J. W. Atkinson, Ed., Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ, pp. 400.408.
53. Fricke, E., Fricke, W., Schönwälder, M., and Stiegler, B. (1981), "Qualifikation und Beteiligung, 'Das Peiner Modell,'" in Schriftenreihe Humanisierung des Arbeitslebens, Vol. 12, Bundesminister für Forschung und Technologie, Ed., Campus Verlag, Frankfurt on Main, Germany.
54. Fricke, W. (1975), Arbeitsorganisation und Qualifikation: Ein industriesoziologischer Beitrag zur Humanisierung der Arbeit, Neue Schriftenreihe des Forschungsinstituts der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Vol. 119, Gesellschaft, Bonn Bad-Godesberg, Germany.
55. Fried, Y. (1991), "Meta-Analytic Comparison of the Job Diagnostic Survey and Job Characteristics Inventory as Correlates of Work Satisfaction and Performance," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 76, pp. 690.697.
56. Fried, Y., and Ferris, G. R. (1987), "The Validity of the Job Characteristics Model: A Review and Meta-Analysis," Personnel Psychology, Vol. 40, pp. 287.322.
57. Fuchs, T. (2009), "Der DGB-Index Gute Arbeit," in Arbeitsgestaltung als Zukunftsaufgabe, E. Kistler and F. Mussmann, Eds., VSA Verlag, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 186.222.
58. Greenberg, J. (1988), "Equity and Workplace Status," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 606.613.
59. Greif, S. (1983), Konzepte der Organisationspsychologie: Eine Einführung in grundlegende theoretische Ansätze, Hans Huber, Bern, Switzerland.
60. Greif, S., and Gediga, G. (1987), "A Critique and Empirical Investigation of the 'One-Best-Way-Models' in Human.Computer Interaction," in Psychological Issues of Human.Computer Interaction in the Work Place, M.Frese, E.Ulich, and W. Dzida, Eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 357.377.
61. Greif, S., Bamberg, E., and Semmer, N., Eds. (1991), Psychischer Stress am Arbeitsplatz , Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen, Germany.
62. Griffin, R. W. (1988), "A Longitudinal Assessment of the Consequences of Quality Circles in an Industrial Setting," Academy and Management Journal, Vol. 31, pp. 338.358.
63. Grob, R. (1985), Flexibilität in der Fertigung, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
64. Guest, D. (1984), "What's New in Motivation?" Personnel Management, Vol. 16, pp. 20.23.
65. Gustavsen, B. (1983), Some Aspects of the Development of Social Science Work Research in Scandinavia, Internationales Institut für Vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung und Arbeitspolitik, Berlin.
66. Gustavsen, B. (1990), "Demokratische Arbeitspolitik mit LOM in Schweden," in Jahrbuch Arbeit + Technik, W. Fricke, Ed., Verlag J. H. W. Dietz, Bonn, Germany, pp. 213.228.
67. Haaks, D. (1992), Anpaβbare Informationssysteme, Verlag für Angewandte Psychologie, Göttingen, Germany.
68. Hacker, W. (1986), Arbeitspsychologie: Psychische Regulation von Arbeitstätigkeiten, Hans Huber, Bern, Switzerland.
69. Hacker, W. (1987), "Software-Ergonomie: Gestalten rechnergest ützter Arbeit?" in Software-Ergonomie '87: Nützen Informationssysteme dem Benutzer? W. Schönpflug and M. Wittstock, Eds., Teubner, Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 31.54.
70. Hackman, J. R. (1987), "The Design of Work Teams," in Handbook of Organizational Behavior, J. W. Lorsch, Ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 315.342.
71. Hackman, J. R. (2002), Leading Teams: Setting the Stage for Great Performances, Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
72. Hackman, J. R., and Lawler, E. E. (1971), "Employee Reactions to Job Characteristics," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 55, pp. 259.286.
73. Hackman, J. R., and Oldham, G. R. (1975), "Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 159.170.
74. Hackman, J. R., and Oldham, G. R. (1976), "Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory," Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, Vol. 16, pp. 250.279.
75. Hackman, J. R., and Oldham, G. R. (1980), Work Redesign, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
76. Hackman, J. R., and Suttle, J. L., Eds. (1977), Improving Life at Work: Behavioral Science Approaches to Organizational Change, Goodyear, Santa Monica, CA.
77. Hausladen, I. (2007), Management am Puls der Zeit.Strategien, Konzepte und Methoden TCW.TransferCentrum, München.
78. Heckhausen, H. (1980), Motivation und Handeln: Lehrbuch der Motivationspsychologie, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
79. Heckhausen, J., and Heckhausen, H., Eds. (2006), Motivation und Handeln (Motivation and Action), Springer- Publications, Berlin.
80. Heller, F. A., Tynan, O., and Hitchon, B. (1980), "Der Beitrag der Arbeitsbestimmung zur Arbeitsgestaltung: am Beispiel von British Leyland," in Arbeitsstrukturierung durch Verhandlung, H. W. Hetzler, Ed., Forschungsstelle für Betriebswirtschaft und Sozialpraxis, Munich.Mannheim.
81. Hellpach, W. (1922), "Sozialpsychologische Analyse des betriebstechnischen Tatbestandes 'Gruppenfabrikation,'" in Gruppenfabrikation, R. Lang and W. Hellpach, Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 5.186.
82. Herzberg, F. (1968), "One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?" Harvard Business Review, Vol. 46, pp. 53.62.
83. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., and Snyderman, B. (1959), The Motivation to Work, Wiley, New York.
84. Hettlage, R. (1983), "Humanisierung der Arbeit: Über einige Zusammenhänge zwischen Wirklichkeitsbildern und Wirklichkeit," Die Betriebswirtschaft, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 395.406.
85. Hofmaier, B., and Riegler, C. H. (1995), "Staatlich geförderte Unternehmensentwicklung in Schweden," Arbeit, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 249.270.
86. Hoyos, C. Graf (1974), Arbeitspsychologie, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, Germany.
87. Husemann, R. C., Hatfield, J. D., and Miles, E. W. (1987), "A New Perspective on Equity Theory," Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12, pp. 222.234.
88. Idaszak, J. R., and Drasgow, F. (1987), "A Review of the Job Diagnostic Survey: Elimination of a Measurement Artifact," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 72, pp. 69.74.
89. Inglehart, R. (1977), The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
90. Inglehart, R. (1989), Kultureller Umbruch: Wertwandel in der westlichen Welt , Campus Verlag, Frankfurt on Main, Germany.
91. Iyengar, S. S., and Lepper, M. R. (1999), "Rethinking the Value of Choice: A Cultural Perspective on Intrinsic Motivation," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 76, pp. 349.366.
92. Jackson, S. E. (1992), Diversity in the Workplace: Human Resources Initiatives, Guilford, New York.
93. Jackson, S. E., and Ruderman, M. N. (1995), Diversity on Work Teams, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
94. Jahoda, M. (1983), Wieviel Arbeit braucht der Mensch? Arbeit und Arbeitslosigkeit im 20. Jahrhundert, Julius Beltz, Weinheim, Germany.
95. Judge, T. A., and Welbourne, T. M. (1994), "A Confirmatory Investigation of the Dimensionality of the Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 79, pp. 461.466.
96. Kahan, B., and Goodstadt, M. (1999), "Continuous Quality Improvement and Health Promotion: Can CQI Lead to Better Outcomes?" Health Promotion International, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 83.91.
97. Katzell, R. A., and Thompson, D. E. (1990), "Work Motivation: Theory and Practice," American Psychologist, Vol. 45, pp. 149.150.
98. Kaufmann, I., Pornschlegel, H., and Udris, I. (1982), "Arbeitsbelastung und Beanspruchung," in Belastungen und Streβ bei der Arbeit, L. Zimmermann, Ed., Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek, Germany, pp. 13.48.
99. Keil, G., and Oster, A. (1976), Humanisierung des Arbeitslebens, Honnefer Buchverlag, Bad Honnef, Germany.
100. Kelley, H. H. (1967), "Attribution Theory in Social Psychology," in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, D. Levine, Ed., University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, pp. 192.238.
101. Kelley, H. H. (1973), "The Process of Causal Attribution," American Psychologist, Vol. 28, pp. 107.128.
102. Kerr, S., Harlan, A., and Stogdill, R. M. (1974), "Preference for Motivator and Hygiene Factors in a Hypothetical Interview Situation," Personnel Psychology, Vol. 25, pp. 109.124.
103. Kisler, L. (1988), "Die 'Software' der Modernisierung: Partizipationsexperimente in deutschen und französischen Betrieben," in Modernisierung der Arbeitsbeziehungen: Direkte Arbeitnehmerbeteiligung in deutschen und französischen Betrieben, L. Kisler, Ed., Centre d'Information et de Recherche sur l'Allemagne Contemporaine, Paris.
104. Kisler, L. (1992), "Direkte Arbeitnehmerbeteiligung und Wandel der betrieblichen Arbeitsbeziehungen als Managementaufgabe: Erste Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung in der deutschen und französischen Automobilindustrie, Das Beispiel Peugeot-Mulhouse," in Modernisierung der Arbeitsbeziehungen: Direkte Arbeitnehmerbeteiligung in deutschen und französischen Betrieben, L. Kisler, Ed., Centre d'Information et de Recherche sur l'Allemagne Contemporaine, Paris.
105. Klages, H. (1983), "Wertwandel und Gesellschaftskrise in der sozialstaatlichen Demokratie," in Krise der Arbeitsgesellschaft?, H. Matthes, Ed., Campus Verlag, Frankfurt on Main, Germany, pp. 341.352.
106. Kleinbeck, U., Quast, H.-H., Thierry, H., and Häcker, H., Eds. (1990), Work Motivation, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ.
107. Kohte, W. (1999), Die Stärkung der Partizipation der Besch äftigten im betrieblichen Arbeitsschutz, Vol. 9, Hans- Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf, Germany.
108. Kreikebaum, H., and Herbert, K. J. (1988), Humanisierung der Arbeit: Arbeitsgestaltung im Spannungsfeld ökonomischer, technologischer und humanitärer Ziele, Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden, Germany.
109. Kren, L. (1992, September), "The Moderating Effects of Locus of Control on Performance Incentives and Participation," Human Relations, pp. 991-999.
110. Kristof, A. L. (1996), "Person-Organization Fit: An Integrative Review of Its Conceptualizations, Measurement, and Implications," Personnel Psychology, Vol. 49, pp. 1-49.
111. Kulik, C. T., and Ambrose, M. L. (1992), "Personal and Situational Determinants of Referent Choice," Academy of Management Review, Vol. 17, pp. 212-237.
112. Landau, K. (2010). Editorial to a special issue of the Zeitschrift fur Arbeitswissenschaft on "Good Work," Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 1-2.
113. Landau, K.; Luczak, H.; Keith, H.; Rösler, D.; Schaub, K.; Winter, G. (2003): AKTIV/Innovative Konzepte/Bilanz erfolgreicher Veränderungen in der Arbeitsgestaltung und Unternehmensorganisation. Ergonomia Verlag, Stuttgart
114. Latham, G. P., and Baldes, J. J. (1975), "The Practical Significance of Locke's Theory of Goal Setting," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 187-191.
115. Latham, G. P., and Yukl, G. A. (1975), "A Review of Research on the Application of Goal Setting in Organizations," Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 18, pp. 824-845.
116. Lawler, E. E., III (1973), Motivation in Work Situations, Brooks/Cole, Monterey, CA.
117. Leitner, K. (1993), "Auswirkungen von Arbeitsbedingungen auf die psychosoziale Gesundheit," Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 98-107.
118. Locke, E. A. (1968), "Toward a Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives," Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, Vol. 3, pp. 157-189.
119. Locke, E. A. (2003), "The Ideas of Frederick W. Taylor: An Evaluation," in Operations Management: A Supply Chain Approach, D. L. Waller, Ed., Thomson, London, pp. 73-91.
120. Locke, E., and Henne, D. (1986), "Work Motivation Theories," in International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, C. L. Cooper and I. T. Robertson, Eds., Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex, England, pp. 1-35.
121. Locke, E. A., and Latham, G. P. (1990), A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
122. Luczak, H. (1997), "Task Analysis," in Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2nd ed., G. Salvendy, Ed., Wiley, New York, pp. 340-416.
123. Luczak, H. (1999), Servicemanagement mit System (Systematic service management) -Erfolgreiche Methoden für die Investitionsgüter-Industrie (successful methods for investment-goods industries), Springer, Berlin.
124. Luczak, H., and Gudergan, G. (2007), "Organisation industrieller Dienstleistungen und Innovationsfähigkeit [Organization of Industrial Services and Innovation Capabilities] " in Management am Puls der Zeit -Strategien, Konzepte und Methoden, I. Hausladen, Ed., TCWTransferCentrum, München.
125. Luczak, H., and Gudergan, G. (2010), "The Evolution of Service Engineering-Toward the Implementation of Designing Integrative Solutions, " in Introduction to Service Engineering, G. Salvendy and W. Karwowski, Eds., Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
126. Luczak, H., and Rohmert, W. (1985), "Ansätze zu einer anthropologischen Systematik arbeitswissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse," Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 129-142.
127. Luczak, H., Volpert, W., Raeithel, A., and Schwier, W. (1989), Arbeitswissenschaft. Kerndefinition-Gegenstandkatalog- Forschungsgebiete, TÜV Rheinland, Köln, Germany.
128. Luczak, H., Schmidt, L., and Springer, J. (2003), "Gestaltung von Arbeitssystemen nach ergonomischen und gesundheitsf örderlichen Prinzipien," in Neue Organisationsformen im Unternehmen: Ein Handbuch für das moderne Management, H.-J. Bullinger, H.-J. Warnecke, and E. Westkämper, Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 421-458.
129. Luczak, H., Reichwald, R., and Spath, D. (2004), Service Engineering in Wissenschaft und Praxis [Service Engineering in science and practice], Gabler, Wiesbaden.
130. Maslow, A. (1954), Motivation and Personality, Harper & Row, New York.
131. McClelland, D. C. (1961), The Achieving Society, Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ.
132. McClelland, D. C. (1984), Motives, Personality, and Society, Praeger, New York.
133. McClelland, D. C. (1985), Human Motivation, Scott, Foresman, Glenview, IL.
134. McClelland, D. C., Koestner, R., and Weinberger, J. (1989), "How Do Self-Attributed and Implicit Motives Differ?" Psychological Review, Vol. 96, No. 4, pp. 690-702.
135. McGregor, D. M. (1960), The Human Side of Enterprise, McGraw-Hill, New York.
136. Mento, A. J., Steel, R. P., and Karren, R. J. (1987), "A Meta-Analytic Study of the Effects of Goal Setting on Task Performance," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 39, pp. 52-83.
137. Mento, A. J., Klein, H. J., and Locke, E. A. (1992), "Relationship of Goal Level to Valence and Instrumentality," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 395-405.
138. Mikula, G., Ed. (1980), Gerechtigkeit und soziale Interaktion, Hans Huber, Bern, Switzerland.
139. Miller, J. G. (1997), "Cultural Conceptions of Duty: Implications for Motivation and Morality," in Motivation and Culture, D.Munro, J. F.Schuhmaker, and A. C.Carr, Eds., Routledge, New York, pp. 178-192.
140. Miner, J. B. (1980), Theories of Organizational Behavior, Dryden, Hinsdale, IL.
141. Miron, D., and McClelland, D. C. (1979), "The Impact of Achievement Motivation Training on Small Business," California Management Review, Vol. 21, pp. 13-28.
142. Mitchell, T. R., and Wood, R. E. (1980), "Supervisor's Responses to Subordinate Poor Performance: A Test of an Attribution Model," Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, Vol. 25, pp. 123-138.
143. Morrison, P. R., and Noble, G. (1987), "Individual Differences and Ergonomic Factors in Performance on a Videotex- Type Task," Behavior and Information Technology, Vol. 6, pp. 69-88.
144. MOW International Research Team (1987), The Meaning of Work , Academic, London.
145. Murray, H. A. (1938), Exploration in Personality, Oxford University Press, New York.
146. Myers, D. G. (1990), Social Psychology, McGraw-Hill, New York.
147. Myers, M. S. (1970), Every Employee a Manager: More Meaningful Work through Job Enrichment, McGraw-Hill, New York.
148. Naschold, F. (1992), Den Wandel organisieren: Erfahrungen des schwedischen Entwicklungsprogramms 'Leitung, Organisation, Mitbestimmung' (LOM) im internationalen Wettbewerb, Rainer Bohn Verlag, Berlin.
149. Nerdinger, F.W. (2006), "Motivierung [How To Motivate]," in Handbuch Personalpsychologie, H. Schuler, Ed., Hogrefe, Göttingen, pp. 385-407.
150. Nerdinger, F.W., Blickle, G., and Schaper, N. (2008), Arbeitsund Organisationspsychologie (Psychology of work and organization), Springer, Heidelberg.
151. Neuberger, O. (1974), Theorien der Arbeitszufriedenheit, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, Germany.
152. Neuberger, O. (1985), Arbeit, Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
153. Neuberger, O. (1989), "Organisationstheorien, " in Organisationspsychologie: Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, Vol. D/III/3, E. Roth, Ed., Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen, Germany, pp. 205-250.
154. Nicholson, N., Herzberg, F., Simon, W., Sprenger, R., and Kühl, S. (2004), Motivation: Was Manager und Mitarbeiter antreibt , Wirtschaftsverlag Carl Ueberreuter, Frankfurt, Germany.
155. Noelle-Neumann, E., and Strümpel, B. (1984), Macht Arbeit krank? Macht Arbeit glücklich? Piper Verlag, Munich.
156. Oberquelle, H. (1993), "Anpaßbarkeit von Groupware als Basis für die dynamische Gestaltung von computergestützter Gruppenarbeit," in Software-Ergonomie in der Gruppenarbeit, U. Konradt and L. Drisis, Eds., Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen, Germany, pp. 37-54.
157. Oishi, S. (2000), "Goals as Cornerstones of Subjective Well- Being: Linking Individuals and Cultures," in Culture and Subjective Well-Being, E. Diener and E. Suh, Eds., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 87-112.
158. Oppolzer, A. (1989), Handbuch Arbeitsgestaltung, VSAVerlag, Hamburg, Germany.
159. Paetau, M., and Pieper, M. (1985), "Differentiell-dynamische Gestaltung der Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation," in Software-Ergonomie '85: Mensch-Computer-Interaktion, H. J. Bullinger, Ed., Berichte des German Chapter of the ACM, Vol. 24, Teubner, Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 316-324.
160. Parker, B., and Chusmir, L. H. (1992), "Development and Validation of a Life-Success Measures Scale," Psychological Reports, Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 627-637.
161. Paul, P. J., Robertson, K. B., and Herzberg, F. (1969), "Job Enrichment Pays Off," Harvard Business Review, Vol. 47, pp. 61-78.
162. Phillips, J. S., and Lord, R. G. (1980), "Determinants of Intrinsic Motivation: Locus of Control and Competence Information as Components of Deci's Cognitive Evaluation Theory," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 65, pp. 211-218.
163. Podsakoff, P. M., and Williams, L. J. (1986), "The Relationship between Job Performance and Job Satisfaction," in Generalizing from Laboratory to Field Settings: Research Findings from Industrial-Organizational Psychology, Organizational Behavior, and Human Resource Management, E. Locke, Ed., Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, pp. 207-254.
164. Pope John Paul II (1981), Enzyklika Laborem Exercens: Über die menschliche Arbeit, Georg Bitter, Recklinghausen, Germany.
165. Porter, L. W. (1964), Organizational Patterns of Managerial Job Attitudes, American Foundation for Management Research, New York.
166. Porter, L. W., and Lawler, E. E. (1968), Managerial Attitudes and Performance, Dorsey, Homewood, IL.
167. Prümper, J., and Richenhagen, G. (2009), "Arbeitswissenschaftliche Bewertung des DGB-Index 'Gute Arbeit,'" Zeitschrift fur Arbeitswissenschaft, Vol. 63, pp. 175-187.
168. Ralston, D. A., and Flanagan, M. F. (1985, April), "The Effect of Flextime on Absenteeism and Turnover for Male and Female Employees," Journal of Vocational Behavior, pp. 206-217.
169. Ralston, D. A., Anthony, W. P., and Gustafson, D. J. (1985), "Employees May Love Flextime, But What Does It Do to the Organization's Productivity?" Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 70, pp. 272-279.
170. Rauterberg, M., Spinas, P., Strohm, O., Ulich, E., and Waeber, D. (1994), Benutzerorientierte Software-Entwicklung, Teubner, Stuttgart, Germany.
171. Rice, A. K. (1958), Productivity and Social Organization: The Ahmedabad Experiment, Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, London.
172. Richer, S. F., and Vallerand, R. J. (1995), "Supervisors' Interactional Styles and Subordinates' Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation," Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 135, pp. 707-722.
173. Roberts, K. H., and Glick, W. (1981), "The Job Characteristics Approach to Task Design: A Critical Review," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 66, pp. 193-217.
174. Rodgers, R., Hunter, J. E., and Rodgers, D. I. (1993), "Influence of Top Management Commitment on Management Program Success," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78, pp. 151-155.
175. Roethlisberger, F., and Dickson, W. (1939), Management and the Worker: An Account of a Research Program Conducted by the Western Electric Company, Chicago, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
176. Rosenstiel, L. V., Hockel, C., and Molt, W., Eds. (1994), Handbuch der angewandten Psychologie: Grundlagen, Methoden, Praxis, Ecomed, Landsberg, Germany.
177. Ruiz Quintanilla, S. A. (1984), "Bedeutung des Arbeitens: Entwicklung und empirische Erprobung eines sozialwissenschaftlichen Modells zur Erfassung arbeitsrelevanter Werthaltungen und Kognitionen," dissertation, Technische Universität Berlin.
178. Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2000), "Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being," American Psychologist, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 68-79.
179. Saavedra, R., Earley, P., and Van Dyne, L. (1993), "Complex Interdependence in Task-Performing Groups," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78, pp. 61-72.
180. Salancik, G. R., and Pfeffer, J. (1977), "An Examination of Need-Satisfaction Models of Job Attitudes," Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 22, pp. 427-456.
181. Salvendy, G. and Karwowski, W., Eds., (2010): Introduction to Service Engineering. Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
182. Schettgen, P. (1996), Arbeit, Leistung, Lohn: Analyse- und Bewertungsmethoden aus sozioökonomischer Perspektive, Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
183. Schmale, H. (1983), Psychologie der Arbeit, Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart, Germany.
184. Schmidt, G. (1982), "Humanisierung der Arbeit," in Einführung in die Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie, W.Litek, W.Rammert, and G. Wachtler, Eds., Campus Verlag, Frankfurt on Main, Germany.
185. Schmidtchen, G. (1984), Neue Technik-Neue Arbeitsmoral: Eine sozialpsychologische Untersuchung über Motivation in der Metallindustrie, Deutscher Institutsverlag, Köln, Germany.
186. Schneider, B., and Alderfer, C. P. (1973), "Three Studies of Measures of Need Satisfaction in Organizations," Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 18, pp. 489-505.
187. Sisson, K. (2000), "Direct Participation and the Modernisation of Work Organisation," European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, available: http://www.eurofound.eu.int/publications/files/EF0029EN.pdf, accessed May 28, 2004.
188. Six, B., and Kleinbeck, U. (1989), "Motivation und Zufriedenheit in Organisationen," in Organisationspsychologie: Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, Vol. D/III/3, E. Roth, Ed., Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen, Germany, pp. 348-398.
189. Spector, P. E. (1982), "Behavior in Organizations as a Function of Employee's Locus of Control," Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 91, pp. 482-497.
190. Sprenger R. K. (2002), Mythos Motivation: Wege aus einer Sackgasse, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt on Main, Germany.
191. Staehle W. H. (1992), "Das Bild vom Arbeitnehmer im Wandel der Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmer-Beziehungen," in Modernisierung der Arbeitsbeziehungen: Direkte Arbeitnehmerbeteiligung in deutschen und französischen Betrieben, L. Kißler, Ed., Centre d'Information et de Recherche sur l'Allemagne Contemporaine, Paris.
192. Stahl, M. J. (1986), Managerial and Technical Motivation: Assessing Needs for Achievement, Power, and Affiliation, Praeger, New York.
193. Staw, B. M., Bell, N. E., and Clausen, J. A. (1986), "The Dispositional Approach to Job Attitudes," Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 31, pp. 56-77.
194. Steers, R. M., Porter, L. W., and Bigley, G. A. (1996), Motivation and Leadership at Work , McGraw-Hill, New York.
195. Steinmann, H., and Schreyögg, G. (1980), "Arbeitsstrukturierung am Scheideweg," Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Vol. 34, pp. 75-78.
196. Stroebe, W., Hewstone, M., and Stephenson, G. M., Eds. (1997), Sozialpsychologie, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.
197. Summers, T. P., and DeNisi, A. S. (1990), "In Search of Adam's Other: Reexamination of Referents Used in the Evaluation of Pay," Human Relations, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 120-133.
198. Tanguy, L. (1986), L'introuvable relation formation/emploi: unétat des recherches en France, Ministère de la Recherche et de l'enseignement superieur, programme mobilisateur technologie, emploi, travail, La Documentation Française, Paris.
199. Taylor, F. W. (1911), The Principles of Scientific Management, Harper, New York.
200. Thompson, E. P., Chaiken, S., and Hazlewood, J. D. (1993), "Need for Cognition and Desire for Control as Moderators of Extrinsic Reward Effects," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 987-999.
201. Triebe, J. K. (1980), "Untersuchungen zum Lernprozeß während des Erwerbs der Grundqualifikationen (Montage eines kompletten Motors): Arbeits- und sozialpsychologische Untersuchungen von Arbeitsstrukturen im Bereich der Aggregatefertigung der Volkswagenwerk AG, Bonn," BMFT HA 80-019, BMFT, Bonn, Germany.
202. Triebe, J. K. (1981), "Aspekte beruflichen Handelns und Lernens," dissertation. Universität Bern.
203. Triebe, J. K., Wittstock, M., and Schiele, F. (1987), Arbeitswissenschaftliche Grundlagen der Software-Ergonomie, Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Bremerhaven, Germany.
204. Trist, E. (1990), "Sozio-technische Systeme: Ursprünge und Konzepte," Organisationsentwicklung, Vol. 4, pp. 10-26.
205. Trist, E., and Bamforth, K. (1951), "Some Social and Psychological Consequences of the Longwall Method of Coal-Getting," Human Relations, Vol. 4, pp. 3-38.
206. Trist, E. L. (1981), The Evaluation of Sociotechnical Systems: Issues in the Quality of Working Life, Ontario Quality of Working Life Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
207. Tubbs, M. E. (1986), "Goal Setting: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Empirical Evidence," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 71, pp. 474-483.
208. Tubbs, M. E. (1993), "Commitment as a Moderator of the Goal-Performance Relation: A Case for Clearer Construct Definition," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78, pp. 86-97.
209. Tubbs, M. E., Boehme, D. M., and Dahl, J. G. (1993), "Expectancy, Valence, and Motivational Force Functions in Goal-Setting Research," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78, No. 3, pp. 361-373.
210. Udris, I. (1979a), "Ist Arbeit noch länger zentrales Lebensinteresse?" Psychosozial, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 100-120.
211. Udris, I. (1979b), "Central Life Interests: Werte, Wertwandel, Arbeitspsychologie," Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Psychologie, Vol. 38, pp. 252-259.
212. Udris, I. (1981), "Streß in arbeitspsychologischer Sicht," in Stress, J. R. Nitsch, Ed., Hans Huber, Bern, Switzerland, pp. 391-440.
213. Ulich, E. (1980), "Psychologische Aspekte der Arbeit mit elektronischen Datenverarbeitungssystemen," Schweizerische Technische Zeitschrift , Vol. 75, pp. 66-68.
214. Ulich, E. (1981), "Subjektive Tätigkeitsanalyse als Voraussetzung autonomieorientierter Arbeitsgestaltung," in Beiträge zur psychologischen Arbeitsanalyse, F. Frei and E. Ulich, Eds., Hans Huber, Bern, Switzerland, pp. 327-347.
215. Ulich, E. (1990), "Individualisierung und differentielle Arbeitsgestaltung, " in Ingenieurpsychologie: Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, Vol. D/III/2, C. Graf Hoyos and B. Zimolong, Eds., Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen, Germany, pp. 511-535.
216. Ulich, E. (1991), Arbeitspsychologie, Poeschel, Stuttgart, Germany.
217. Ulich, E. (1993), "Gestaltung von Arbeitstätigkeiten," in Lehrbuch Organisationspsychologie, H. Schuler, Ed., Hans Huber, Bern, Switzerland, pp. 189-208.
218. Vallerand, R. J., and Reid, G. (1984), "On the Causal Effects of Perceived Competence on Intrinsic Motivation: A Test of Cognitive Evaluation Theory," Journal of Sport Psychology, Vol. 6, pp. 94-102.
219. Vansteenkiste, M., and Deci, E. L. (2003), "Competitively Contingent Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation: Can Losers Remain Motivated?" Motivation and Emotion, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 273-299.
220. Volpert, W. (1987), "Psychische Regulation von Arbeitstätigkeiten," in Arbeitspsychologie: Enzyklop ädie der Psychologie, Vol. D/III/1, U. Kleinbeck and J. Rutenfranz, Eds., Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen, Germany, pp. 1-42.
221. von der Weth, R. (1988), "Konstruktionstätigkeit und Probleml ösen," in Rechnerunterstützte Konstruktion, E. Frieling, and H. Klein, Eds., Hans Huber, Bern, Switzerland, pp. 32-39.
222. Vroom, V. H. (1964), Work and Motivation, Wiley, New York.
223. Warr, P. (1984), "Work and Unemployment," in Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology, P. J. D.Drenth, H.Thierry, P. J.Williams, and C. J. de Wolff, Eds., Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex, England, pp. 413-443.
224. Weber, M. (1904/1905), "Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus," Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik , Vol. 20, pp. 1-54, and Vol. 21, pp. 1-110.
225. Weber, W., and Ulich, E. (1993), "Psychological Criteria for the Evaluation of Different Forms of Group-Work in Advanced Manufacturing Systems," in Human-Computer Interaction: Application and Case Studies, M. J. Smith and G. Salvendy, Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 26-31.
226. Weiner, B. (1985), Human Motivation, Springer-Verlag, New York.
227. Weiner, B. (1992), Human Motivation: Metaphors, Theories, and Research, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA.
228. Wiendieck, G. (1986a), "Warum Qualitätszirkel? Zum organisationspsychologischen Hintergrund eines neuen Management-Konzeptes," in Qualitätszirkel als Instrument zeitgemäâer Betriebsführung, G. Wiendieck and W. Bungard, Eds., Verlag Moderne Industrie, Landsberg on Lech, Germany, pp. 61-75.
229. Wiendieck, G. (1986b), "Widerstand gegen Qualitätszirkel: Eine Idee und Ihre Feinde," in Qualitätszirkel als Instrument zeitgemäâer Betriebsführung, G. Wiendieck and W. Bungard, Eds., Verlag Moderne Industrie, Landsberg on Lech, Germany, pp. 207-223.
230. Williams, E. S., and Bunker, D. R. (1993), "Sorting Outcomes: A Revision of the JCM," in The Job Characteristics Model: Recent Work and New Directions, D. R. Bunker and E. D. Williams, Eds., Academy of Management, Atlanta, GA.
231. Wilpert, B., and Sorge, A. (1984), International Perspectives in Organizational Democracy, Wiley, Chichester, West Sussex, England.
232. Wilson, A. T. M., and Trist, E. L. (1951), The Bolsover System of Continuous Mining, Document 290, Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, London.
233. Windel, A., and Zimolong, B. (1998), "Nicht zum Nulltarif: Erfolgskonzept Gruppenarbeit," Rubin, Vol. 2, pp. 46-51.
234. Wiswede, G. (1980), Motivation und Arbeitsverhalten, E. Reinhardt, Munich.
235. Wofford, J. C., Goodwin, V. L., and Premack, S. (1992), "Meta-Analysis of the Antecedents of Personal Goal Level and of the Antecedents and Consequences of Goal Commitment," Journal of Management, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 595-615.
236. Yukl, G. A. (1990), Skills for Managers and Leaders, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
237. Zink, K. (1978), "Zur Begründung einer zielgruppenspezifischen Organisationsentwicklung," Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Vol. 32, pp. 42-48.
238. Zink, K. J. (1979), Begründung einer zielgruppenspezifischen Organisationsentwicklung auf der Basis von Untersuchungen von Arbeitszufriedenheit und Arbeitsmotivation, O. Schmidt, Köln, Germany.
239. Zülch, G., and Starringer, M. (1984), "Differentielle Arbeitsgestaltung in Fertigungen für elektronische Flachbaugruppen," Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft, Vol. 38, pp. 211-216.