Optimizing Surgical and Imatinib Therapy for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

Volumn 17, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1997-2006

  Sicklick, Jason K ^a   Lopez, Nicole E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; GIST; Imatinib; Outcomes; Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVE; IMATINIB; PIPERAZINE DERIVATIVE; PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE;

ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; ADJUVANT THERAPY; ARTICLE; GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR; GASTROINTESTINAL TUMOR; HUMAN; METASTASIS; PATHOLOGY; TUMOR RECURRENCE;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; BENZAMIDES; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; GASTROINTESTINAL NEOPLASMS; GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS; HUMANS; NEOADJUVANT THERAPY; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; PIPERAZINES; PYRIMIDINES;

EID: 84885950644     PISSN: 1091255X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2243-0     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Goettsch WG, Bos SD, Breekveldt-Postma N, Casparie M, Herings RM, Hogendoorn PC. Incidence of gastrointestinal stromal tumours is underestimated: results of a nation-wide study. Eur J Cancer 2005;41: 2868-2872.
2. Reddy P, Boci K, Charbonneau C. The epidemiologic, health-related quality of life, and economic burden of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. J Clin Pharm Ther 2007;32: 557-565.
3. Rubin BP, Heinrich MC, Corless CL. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Lancet 2007;369: 1731-1741.
4. Corless CL, Barnett CM, Heinrich MC. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: origin and molecular oncology. Nat Rev Cancer 2011;11: 865-878.
5. Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Antonescu CR, DeMatteo RP, Ganjoo KN, Maki RG, Pisters PWT. NCCN Task Force report: update on the management of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2010;8: S1-S41.
6. DeMatteo RP, Lewis JJ, Leung D, Mudan SS, Woodruff JM, Brennan MF. Two hundred gastrointestinal stromal tumors: recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival. Ann Surg 2000;231: 51-58.
7. Eisenberg BL, Judson I. Surgery and imatinib in the management of GIST: emerging approaches to adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2004;11: 465-475.
8. Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Blanke CD, van den Abbeele AD, Eisenberg B, Roberts PJ, Heinrich MC, Tuveson DA, Singer S, Janicek M, Fletcher JA, Silverman SG, Silberman SL, Capdeville R, Kiese B, Peng B, Dimitrijevic S, Druker BJ, Corless C, Fletcher CD, Joensuu H. Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. N Engl J Med 2002;347: 472-480.
9. van Oosterom AT, Judson I, Verweij J, Stroobants S, Donato di Paola E, Dimitrijevic S, Martens M, Webb A, Sciot R, van Glabbeke M, Silberman S, Nielsen OS. Safety and efficacy of imatinib (STI571) in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a phase I study. Lancet 2001;358: 1421-1423.
10. Verweij J, Casali PG, Zalcberg J, LeCesne A, Reichardt P, Blay JY, Issels R, van Oosterom A, Hogendoorn PC, van Glabbeke M, Bertulli R, Judson I. Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumours with high-dose imatinib: randomised trial. Lancet 2004;364: 1127-1134.
11. Blanke CD, Rankin C, Demetri GD, Ryan CW, von Mehren M, Benjamin RS, Raymond AK, Bramwell VH, Baker LH, Maki RG, Tanaka M, Hecht JR, Heinrich MC, Fletcher CD, Crowley JJ, Borden EC. Phase III randomized, intergroup trial assessing imatinib mesylate at two dose levels in patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors expressing the kit receptor tyrosine kinase: S0033. J Clin Oncol 2008;26: 626-632.
12. DeMatteo RP, Ballman KV, Antonescu CR, Maki RG, Pisters PW, Demetri GD, Blackstein ME, Blanke CD, von Mehren M, Brennan MF, Patel S, McCarter MD, Polikoff JA, Tan BR, Owzar K. Adjuvant imatinib mesylate after resection of localised, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2009;373: 1097-1104.
13. Joensuu H, Eriksson M, Sundby Hall K, Hartmann JT, Pink D, Schutte J, Ramadori G, Hohenberger P, Duyster J, Al-Batran SE, Schlemmer M, Bauer S, Wardelmann E, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Nilsson B, Sihto H, Monge OR, Bono P, Kallio R, Vehtari A, Leinonen M, Alvegård T, Reichardt P. One vs three years of adjuvant imatinib for operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a randomized trial. JAMA 2012;307: 1265-1272.
14. National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN) (2012) NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology™: Soft Tissue Sarcoma. National Comprehensive Cancer Network®. http://www. nccn. org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/sarcoma. pdf. Accessed February 29, 2012.
15. Miettinen M, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: review on morphology, molecular pathology, prognosis, and differential diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006;130: 1466-1478.
16. Chourmouzi D, Sinakos E, Papalavrentios L, Akriviadis E, Drevelegas A. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a pictorial review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2009;18: 379-383.
17. Nilsson B, Bümming P, Meis-Kindblom JM, Odén A, Dortok A, Gustavsson B, Sablinska K, Kindblom LG. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the incidence, prevalence, clinical course, and prognostication in the preimatinib mesylate era-a population-based study in western Sweden. Cancer 2005;103: 821-829.
18. Hersh MR, Choi J, Garrett C, Clark R. Imaging gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Control 2005;12: 111-115.
19. Rutkowski P, Bylina E, Wozniak A, Nowecki ZI, Osuch C, Matlok M, Switaj T, Michej W, Wronski M, Gluszek S, Kroc J, Nasierowska-Guttmejer A, Joensuu H. Validation of the Joensuu risk criteria for primary resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumour-the impact of tumour rupture on patient outcomes. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011;37: 890-896.
20. Kang YN, Jung HR, Hwang I. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of gastointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Res Treat 2010;42: 135-143.
21. Emile JF, Scoazec JY, Coindre JM. [Gastrointestinal stroma tumors (GIST): what is new in 2009?]. Ann Pathol 2009;29: 20-23.
22. Sepe PS, Brugge WR. A guide for the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;6: 363-371.
23. Hwang JH, Saunders MD, Rulyak SJ, Shaw S, Nietsch H, Kimmey MB. A prospective study comparing endoscopy and EUS in the evaluation of GI subepithelial masses. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62: 202-208.
24. Brand B, Oesterhelweg L, Binmoeller KF, Sriram PV, Bohnacker S, Seewald S, De Weerth A, Soehendra N. Impact of endoscopic ultrasound for evaluation of submucosal lesions in gastrointestinal tract. Dig Liver Dis 2002;34: 290-297.
25. Palazzo L, Landi B, Cellier C, Cuillerier E, Roseau G, Barbier JP. Endosonographic features predictive of benign and malignant gastrointestinal stromal cell tumours. Gut 2000;46: 88-92.
26. The ESMO/European Sarcoma Network Working Group. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2012;23: vii49-vii55.
27. Faigel DO, Abulhawa S. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the role of the gastroenterologist in diagnosis and risk stratification. J Clin Gastroenterol 2012;46: 629-636.
28. Sepe PS, Moparty B, Pitman MB, Saltzman JR, Brugge WR. EUS-guided FNA for the diagnosis of GI stromal cell tumors: sensitivity and cytologic yield. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;70: 254-261.
29. Hoda KM, Rodriguez SA, Faigel DO. EUS-guided sampling of suspected GI stromal tumors. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69: 1218-1223.
30. Casali PG, Blay JY. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2010;21 Suppl 5: v98-v102.
31. Chu YY, Lien JM, Ng SC, Chen TC, Chen PC, Chiu CT. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided Tru-Cut biopsy for diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Hepatogastroenterology 2010;57: 1157-1160.
32. Chaudhry UI, DeMatteo RP. Advances in the surgical management of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Adv Surg 2011;45: 197-209.
33. Ghanem N, Altehoefer C, Furtwängler A, Winterer J, Schäfer O, Springer O, Kotter E, Langer M. Computed tomography in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Eur Radiol 2003;13: 1669-1678.
34. Kalkmann J, Zeile M, Antoch G, Berger F, Diederich S, Dinter D, Fink C, Janka R, Stattaus J. Consensus report on the radiological management of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST): recommendations of the German GIST Imaging Working Group. Cancer Imaging 2012;12: 126-135.
35. Yang BL, Gu YF, Shao WJ, Chen HJ, Sun GD, Jin HY, Zhu X. Retrorectal tumors in adults: magnetic resonance imaging findings. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16: 5822-5829.
36. Watabe T, Tatsumi M, Watabe H, Isohashi K, Kato H, Yanagawa M, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J. Intratumoral heterogeneity of F-18 FDG uptake differentiates between gastrointestinal stromal tumors and abdominal malignant lymphomas on PET/CT. Ann Nucl Med 2012;26: 222-227.
37. Otomi Y, Otsuka H, Morita N, Terazawa K, Furutani K, Harada M, Nishitani H. Relationship between FDG uptake and the pathological risk category in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Med Invest 2010;57: 270-274.
38. van den Abbeele AD, Gatsonis C, de Vries DJ, Melenevsky Y, Szot-Barnes A, Yap JT, Godwin AK, Rink L, Huang M, Blevins M, Sicks J, Eisenberg B, Siegel BA. ACRIN 6665/RTOG 0132 phase II trial of neoadjuvant imatinib mesylate for operable malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor: monitoring with 18F-FDG PET and correlation with genotype and GLUT4 expression. J Nucl Med 2012;53: 567-574.
39. McAuliffe JC, Hunt KK, Lazar AJ, Choi H, Qiao W, Thall P, Pollock RE, Benjamin RS, Trent JC. A randomized, phase II study of preoperative plus postoperative imatinib in GIST: evidence of rapid radiographic response and temporal induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2009;16: 910-919.
40. Miettinen M, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: pathology and prognosis at different sites. Semin Diagn Pathol 2006;23: 70-83.
41. Joensuu H, Vehtari A, Riihimaki J, Nishida T, Steigen SE, Brabec P, Plank L, Nilsson B, Cirilli C, Braconi C, Bordoni A, Magnusson MK, Linke Z, Sufliarsky J, Federico M, Jonasson JG, Dei Tos AP, Rutkowski P. Risk of recurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumour after surgery: an analysis of pooled population-based cohorts. Lancet Oncol 2012;13: 265-274.
42. Novitsky YW, Kercher KW, Sing RF, Heniford BT. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic resection of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Ann Surg 2006;243: 738-745; discussion 745-737.
43. Sexton JA, Pierce RA, Halpin VJ, Eagon JC, Hawkins WG, Linehan DC, Brunt LM, Frisella MM, Matthews BD. Laparoscopic gastric resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Surg Endosc 2008;22: 2583-2587.
44. Sokolich J, Galanopoulos C, Dunn E, Linder JD, Jeyarajah DR. Expanding the indications for laparoscopic gastric resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumors. JSLS 2009;13: 165-169.
45. Lee IL, Lin PY, Tung SY, Shen CH, Wei KL, Wu CS. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of intraluminal gastric subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer. Endoscopy 2006;38: 1024-1028.
46. Park YS, Park SW, Kim TI, Song SY, Choi EH, Chung JB, Kang JK. Endoscopic enucleation of upper-GI submucosal tumors by using an insulated-tip electrosurgical knife. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59: 409-415.
47. Sun S, Ge N, Wang C, Wang M, Lü Q. Endoscopic band ligation of small gastric stromal tumors and follow-up by endoscopic ultrasonography. Surg Endosc 2007;21: 574-578.
48. Jeong IH, Kim JH, Lee SR, Kim JH, Hwang JC, Shin SJ, Lee KM, Hur H, Han SU. Minimally invasive treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: laparoscopic and endoscopic approach. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2012;22: 244-250.
49. Zhou PH, Yao LQ, Qin XY, Cai MY, Xu MD, Zhong YS, Chen WF, Zhang YQ, Qin WZ, Hu JW, Liu JZ. Endoscopic full-thickness resection without laparoscopic assistance for gastric submucosal tumors originated from the muscularis propria. Surg Endosc 2011;25: 2926-2931.
50. McCarter MD, Antonescu CR, Ballman KV, Maki RG, Pisters PW, Demetri GD, Blanke CD, von Mehren M, Brennan MF, McCall L, Ota DM, DeMatteo RP. Microscopically positive margins for primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors: analysis of risk factors and tumor recurrence. J Am Coll Surg 2012;215: 53-59; discussion 59-60.
51. Cheng HL, Lee WJ, Lai IR, Yuan RH, Yu SC. Laparoscopic wedge resection of benign gastric tumor. Hepatogastroenterology 1999;46: 2100-2104.
52. Nguyen NT, Jim J, Nguyen A, Lee J, Chang K. Laparoscopic resection of gastric stromal tumor: a tailored approach. Am Surg 2003;69: 946-950.
53. Otani Y, Furukawa T, Yoshida M, Saikawa Y, Wada N, Ueda M, Kubota T, Mukai M, Kameyama K, Sugino Y, Kumai K, Kitajima M. Operative indications for relatively small (2-5 cm) gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach based on analysis of 60 operated cases. Surgery 2006;139: 484-492.
54. Catena F, Di Battista M, Fusaroli P, Ansaloni L, Di Scioscio V, Santini D, Pantaleo M, Biasco G, Caletti G, Pinna A. Laparoscopic treatment of gastric GIST: report of 21 cases and literature's review. J Gastrointest Surg 2008;12: 561-568.
55. Lai IR, Lee WJ, Yu SC. Minimally invasive surgery for gastric stromal cell tumors: intermediate follow-up results. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10: 563-566.
56. Nguyen SQ, Divino CM, Wang JL, Dikman SH. Laparoscopic management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Surg Endosc 2006;20: 713-716.
57. De Vogelaere K, van Loo I, Peters O, Hoorens A, Haentjens P, Delvaux G. Laparoscopic resection of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is safe and effective, irrespective of tumor size. Surg Endosc 2012;26: 2339-2345.
58. Heinrich MC, Corless CL. Gastric GI stromal tumors (GISTs): the role of surgery in the era of targeted therapy. J Surg Oncol 2005;90: 195-207; discussion 207.
59. Kato M, Nakajima K, Nishida T, Yamasaki M, Nishida T, Tsutsui S, Ogiyama H, Yamamoto S, Yamada T, Mori M, Doki Y, Hayashi N. Local resection by combined laparoendoscopic surgery for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Diagn Ther Endosc 2011;2011: 645609.
60. Henckens T, van de Putte D, van Renterghem K, Ceelen W, Pattyn P, van Nieuwenhove Y. Laparoendoscopic single-site gastrectomy for a gastric GIST using double-bended instruments. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2010;20: 469-471.
61. Hirano Y, Watanabe T, Uchida T, Yoshida S, Kato H, Hosokawa O. Laparoendoscopic single site partial resection of the stomach for gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2010;20: 262-264.
62. Melstrom LG, Phillips JD, Bentrem DJ, Wayne JD. Laparoscopic versus open resection of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Am J Clin Oncol 2012;35: 451-454.
63. Pitsinis V, Khan AZ, Cranshaw I, Allum WH. Single center experience of laparoscopic vs. open resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach. Hepatogastroenterology 2007;54: 606-608.
64. Nishimura J, Nakajima K, Omori T, Takahashi T, Nishitani A, Ito T, Nishida T. Surgical strategy for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: laparoscopic vs. open resection. Surg Endosc 2007;21: 875-878.
65. Gold JS, Gönen M, Gutiérrez A, Broto JM, García-del-Muro X, Smyrk TC, Maki RG, Singer S, Brennan MF, Antonescu CR, Donohue JH, DeMatteo RP. Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for recurrence-free survival after complete surgical resection of localised primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol 2009;10: 1045-1052.
66. Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, Gorstein F, Lasota J, Longley BJ, Miettinen M, O'Leary TJ, Remotti H, Rubin BP, Shmookler B, Sobin LH, Weiss SW. Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach. Hum Pathol 2002;33: 459-465.
67. Miettinen M, Makhlouf H, Sobin LH, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the jejunum and ileum: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 906 cases before imatinib with long-term follow-up. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30: 477-489.
68. Joensuu H. Risk stratification of patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Hum Pathol 2008;39: 1411-1419.
69. (CAP) CoAP (2012) Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Based on AJCC/UICC TNM, 7th edition. http://www. cap. org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2012/GIST_12protocol_3021. pdf.
70. Tielen R, Verhoef C, van Coevorden F, Gelderblom H, Sleijfer S, Hartgrink HH, Bonenkamp JJ, van der Graaf WT, de Wilt JH. Surgical treatment of locally advanced, non-metastatic, gastrointestinal stromal tumours after treatment with imatinib. Eur J Surg Oncol 2013;39: 150-155.
71. Doyon C, Sidéris L, Leblanc G, Leclerc YE, Boudreau D, Dubé P. Prolonged therapy with imatinib mesylate before surgery for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor results of a phase II trial. Int J Surg Oncol 2012;2012: 761576.
72. Koontz MZ, Visser BM, Kunz PL. Neoadjuvant imatinib for borderline resectable GIST. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2012;10: 1477-1482.
73. Tielen R, Verhoef C, van Coevorden F, Gelderblom H, Sleijfer S, Hartgrink HH, Bonenkamp JJ, van der Graaf WT, de Wilt JH. Surgery after treatment with imatinib and/or sunitinib in patients with metastasized gastrointestinal stromal tumors: is it worthwhile? World J Surg Oncol 2012;10: 111.
74. Turley RS, Peng PD, Reddy SK, Barbas AS, Geller DA, Marsh JW, Tsung A, Pawlik TM, Clary BM. Hepatic resection for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor era. Cancer 2012;118: 3571-3578.
75. Nannini M, Pantaleo MA, Maleddu A, Saponara M, Mandrioli A, Lolli C, Pallotti MC, Gatto L, Santini D, Paterini P, Di Scioscio V, Catena F, Fusaroli P, Pinna AD, Tos AP, Biasco G. Duration of adjuvant treatment following radical resection of metastases from gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Oncol Lett 2012;3: 677-681.
76. Rutkowski P, Nowecki Z, Nyckowski P, Dziewirski W, Grzesiakowska U, Nasierowska-Guttmejer A, Krawczyk M, Ruka W. Surgical treatment of patients with initially inoperable and/or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) during therapy with imatinib mesylate. J Surg Oncol 2006;93: 304-311.
77. DeMatteo RP, Maki RG, Singer S, Gonen M, Brennan MF, Antonescu CR. Results of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy followed by surgical resection for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Ann Surg 2007;245: 347-352.
78. Bauer S, Gronchi A, van Coervorden F, Hohenberger P, Fumagalli E, Siedlecki J, Casali PG, Treckmann J, Rutkowski P, Nyckowski P, Hoiczyk M, Cats A, Casali PG. Long-term follow-up of patients with GIST undergoing metastasectomy in the era of imatinib-an EORTC-STBSG collaborative analysis of prognostic factors. Eur J Cancer 2011;CTOS Suppl: abstract 23.
79. Eisenberg BL, Harris J, Blanke CD, Demetri GD, Heinrich MC, Watson JC, Hoffman JP, Okuno S, Kane JM, von Mehren M. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate (IM) for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): early results of RTOG 0132/ACRIN 6665. J Surg Oncol 2009;99: 42-47.
80. Wang D, Zhang Q, Blanke CD, Demetri GD, Heinrich MC, Watson JC, Hoffman JP. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumors: long-term follow-up results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0132. Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19: 1074-1080.
81. Park S, Ryu M-H, Ryoo B-Y, Sohn B, Kim K-H, Oh S, Yu C, Yook J, Kim B, Kang Y-K. The role of surgical resection following imatinib treatment in patients with metastatic or recurrent GIST. J Clin Oncol 2012;30: abstract 62.
82. Clancy TV, Moore PM, Ramshaw DG, Kays CR. Laparoscopic excision of a benign gastric tumor. J Laparoendosc Surg 1994;4: 277-280.
83. Wolfsohn DM, Savides TJ, Easter DW, Lyche KD. Laparoscopy-assisted endoscopic removal of a stromal-cell tumor of the stomach. Endoscopy 1997;29: 679-682.
84. Cueto J, Vázquez-Frias JA, Castañeda-Leeder P, Baquera-Heredia J, Weber-Sánchez A. Laparoscopic-assisted resection of a bleeding gastrointestinal stromal tumor. JSLS 1999;3: 225-228.
85. Otani Y, Ohgami M, Igarashi N, Kimata M, Kubota T, Kumai K, Kitajima M, Mukai M. Laparoscopic wedge resection of gastric submucosal tumors. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2000;10: 19-23.
86. Karakousis GC, Singer S, Zheng J, Gonen M, Coit D, DeMatteo RP, Strong VE. Laparoscopic versus open gastric resections for primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): a size-matched comparison. Ann Surg Oncol 2011;18: 1599-1605.
87. Moriyama H, Ishikawa N, Kawaguchi M, Hirose K, Watanabe G. Robot-assisted laparoscopic resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2012;22: e155-156.
88. Buchs NC, Bucher P, Pugin F, Hagen ME, Morel P. Robot-assisted oncologic resection for large gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a preliminary case series. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2010;20: 411-415.
89. Liao JM, Mayer WA, Kim MM, Link RE. Robot-assisted laparoscopic excision of a pelvic extragastrointestinal stromal tumor: a case report and literature review. Can J Urol 2011;18: 5731-5734.
90. Atallah S, Albert M, Larach S. Transanal minimally invasive surgery: a giant leap forward. Surg Endosc 2010;24: 2200-2205.
91. Tang CM, Metildi C, Kaushal S, Leonard SY, Magistri P, Horgan S, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M, Sicklick JK. First method for in vivo fluorescent visualization of GIST. Ann Surg Oncol 2013;1: abstr S69.