An Argument for a Consequentialist Epidemiology

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 178, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 1185-1191

  Galea, Sandro ^a  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

future; history; methods; philosophy

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC RESEARCH; DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH;

BEHAVIOR; CONSEQUENTIALIST EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE CONTROL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HUMAN; POPULATION; RESEARCH PRIORITY; REVIEW; SCIENCE;

FUTURE; HISTORY; METHODS; PHILOSOPHY;

EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HUMANS; PHILOSOPHY; PUBLIC HEALTH; SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY;

EID: 84885793439     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: 14766256     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt172     Document Type: Review

References (52)

1. Last JM, ed. A Dictionary of Epidemiology. 4th ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2001.
2. Aschengrau A, Seage GR. Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health. 2nd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2008.
3. Kestenbaum B. Epidemiology and Biostatistics: An Introduction to Clinical Research. New York, NY: Springer; 2009.
4. Gordis L. Epidemiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA:W.B. Saunders & Co.; 2008.
5. Saracci R. Epidemiology: AVery Short Introduction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2010.
6. Carr S, Unwin N, Pless-Mulloli T. An Introduction to Public Health and Epidemiology. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press; 2007.
7. Bhopal R. Concepts of Epidemiology: Integrating the Ideas, Theories, Principles and Methods of Epidemiology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2002.
8. Carneiro I, Howard N. Introduction to Epidemiology (Understanding Public Health). Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press; 2011.
9. Wassertheil-Smoller S. Biostatistics and Epidemiology: A Primer for Health and Biomedical Professionals. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2004.
10. Rothman KJ. Epidemiology: An Introduction. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2002.
11. Webb P, Bain C. Essential Epidemiology: An Introduction for Students and Health Professionals. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2011.
12. Merrill RM. Introduction to Epidemiology. 5th ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2009.
13. Gerstman B. Epidemiology Kept Simple: An Introduction to Traditional and Modern Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Liss; 2003.
14. Friis RH. Epidemiology 101. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2010.
15. WHO. Basic Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2006.
16. Johnson S. The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic-and How it Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World. New York City, NY: Riverhead Trade; 2007.
17. Morabia A. A History of Epidemiologic Methods and Concepts. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag; 2004.
18. Transactions of the Epidemiological Society of London: Sessions 1866 to 1876: Objects of the Epidemiological Society. London, UK: Epidemiological Society of London for the Investigation of Epidemic Diseases; 1876.
19. Dregan A, Gulliford MC. Is illicit drug use harmful to cognitive functioning in the midadult years? A cohort-based investigation. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175(3):218-227.
20. Relton CL, Davey Smith G. Two-step epigenetic Mendelian randomization: a strategy for establishing the causal role of epigenetic processes in pathways to disease. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41(1):161-176.
21. Hui LL, Leung GM, Lam TH, et al. Premature birth and age at onset of puberty. Epidemiology. 2012;23(3):415-422.
22. Grad YH, Miller JC, Lipsitch M. Cholera modeling: challenges to quantitative analysis and predicting the impact of interventions. Epidemiology. 2012;23(4):523-530.
23. Goldmann E, Calabrese JR, Prescott MR, et al. Potentially modifiable pre-, peri-, and postdeployment characteristics associated with deployment-related posttraumatic stress disorder among Ohio army national guard soldiers. Ann Epidemiol. 2012;22(2):71-78.
24. Lu PJ, Nuorti JP. Uptake of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination among working-age adults with underlying medical conditions, United States, 2009. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175(8):827-837.
25. Miettinen OS. Proportion of disease caused or prevented by a given exposure, trait or intervention. Am J Epidemiol. 1974; 99(5):325-332.
26. Rothman KJ. Causes. Am J Epidemiol. 1976;104(6):587-592.
27. Rothman K, Poole C. Science and policy making. Am J Public Health. 1985;75(4):340-341.
28. Susser M. What is a cause and how do we know one? A grammar for pragmatic epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;133(7):635-648.
29. National Institute of Mental Health. National Institute of Mental Health strategic plan. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health; 2008. (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/strategic-planning-reports/nimh-strategic-plan- 2008. pdf). (Accessed January 25, 2013).
30. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Strategic plan slide sets. Rockville, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2008. (http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/strategicplan/sp-powerpoint.htm). (Accessed January 25, 2013).
31. Waller BN. Consider Ethics: Theory, Readings, and Contemporary Issues. New York, NY: Pearson Longman; 2005.
32. Pojman LP, Fieser J. Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong. 6th ed. Belmont, CA:Wadsworth, Cengage Learning; 2009.
33. Scheffler S. Consequentialism and its Critics. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1988.
34. Galea S, Tracy M, Hoggatt KJ, et al. Estimated deaths attributable to social factors in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(8):1456-1465.
35. Woolf SH, Johnson RE, Phillips RL, et al. Giving everyone the health of the educated: an examination of whether social change would save more lives than medical advances. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(4):679-683. (Pubitemid 47280166)
36. World Health Organization. Health and human rights. Geneva, Switzerland:World Health Organization; 2012. (http://www. who.int/hhr/en/). (Accessed January 25, 2013).
37. Raz J. The Morality of Freedom. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press; 1986.
38. Williams B. A critique of utilitarianism. In: Smart J, Willians B, eds. Utilitarianism: For and Against. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1973:77-150.
39. Panel on Scientific Responsibility and the Conduct of Research, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine. Responsible Science, Volume I: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process.Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 1992.
40. Bossi E. Integrity in Scientific Research: Principles and Procedures. Bern, Switzerland: Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences; 2008.
41. Ness RB, Andrews EB, Gaudino JA Jr, et al. The future of epidemiology. Acad Med. 2009;84(11):1631-1637.
42. Kuller LH. Point: is there a future for innovative epidemiology? Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(7):279-280.
43. Auchincloss AH, Diez Roux AV. A new tool for epidemiology: the usefulness of dynamic-agent models in understanding place effects on health. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(1):1-8. (Pubitemid 351881895)
44. Galea S, Hall C, Kaplan GA. Social epidemiology and complex system dynamic modelling as applied to health behaviour and drug use research. Int J Drug Policy. 2009; 20(3):209-216.
45. Kuller LH. Invited commentary: the 21st century epidemiologist-a need for different training? Am J Epidemiol. 2012;176(8):668-671.
46. Ogino S, Beck AH, King EE, et al. Ogino et al. Respond to "the 21st century epidemiologist". Am J Epidemiol. 2012; 176(8):672-674.
47. El-Sayed AM, Seeman L, Scarborough P, et al. Are networkbased interventions a useful antiobesity strategy? An application of simulation models for causal inference in epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(2):287-295.
48. World Health Organization. Global Health Risks: Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva, Switzerland:World Health Organization; 2009. (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global-burden-disease/ GlobalHealthRisks-report-full.pdf ). (Accessed January 25, 2012).
49. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Population ageing and development: ten years after Madrid. December 2012. (http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/popfacts/popfacts-2012-4. pdf). (Accessed January 25, 2013).
50. Kruk ME, Prescott MR, de Pinho H, et al. Equity and the child health Millennium Development Goal: the role of pro-poor health policies. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011; 65(4):327-333.
51. Fogarty International Center. Implementation science information and resources. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2012. (http://www.fic.nih.gov/researchtopics/pages/implementationscience.aspx). (Accessed January 25, 2013).
52. Woolf SH. The meaning of translational research and why it matters. JAMA. 2008;299(2):211-213.