Telomeres and human health

Journal of Internal Medicine

Volumn 274, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 399-413

  Bojesen, S E ^a,b,c  

^a GENTOFTE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b FREDERIKSBERG HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Biomarker; Epidemiology; Mortality; Telomere length

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DNA FRAGMENT; TELOMERASE; TELOMERASE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE;

APOPTOSIS; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CELL DIVISION; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DNA SEQUENCE; DYSKERATOSIS CONGENITA; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HEALTH; HUMAN; LUNG DISEASE; LUNG FUNCTION; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION ANALYSIS; METAPHASE; MITOSIS; MORTALITY; OBESITY; OVARY CANCER; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REDUCED INTENSITY CONDITIONING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOUTHERN BLOTTING; TANDEM REPEAT; TELOMERE; TELOMERE HOMEOSTASIS; TELOMERE SHORTENING;

BIOMARKER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; TELOMERE LENGTH;

AGE FACTORS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; MORTALITY; RISK FACTORS; TELOMERE; TELOMERE HOMEOSTASIS;

EID: 84885761535     PISSN: 09546820     EISSN: 13652796     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/joim.12083     Document Type: Review

References (151)

1. Friedrich U, Griese E, Schwab M, Fritz P, Thon K, Klotz U. Telomere length in different tissues of elderly patients. Mech Ageing Dev 2000; 119: 89-99.
2. Takubo K, Izumiyama-Shimomura N, Honma N et al. Telomere lengths are characteristic in each human individual. Exp Gerontol 2002; 37: 523-31.
3. Thibeault SL, Glade RS, Li W. Comparison of telomere length of vocal folds with different tissues: a physiological measurement of vocal senescence. J Voice 2006; 20: 165-70.
4. Gadalla SM, Cawthon R, Giri N, Alter BP, Savage SA. Telomere length in blood, buccal cells, and fibroblasts from patients with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Aging (Albany NY) 2010; 2: 867-74.
5. Cassidy A, De V, I et al. Associations between diet, lifestyle factors, and telomere length in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 1273-80.
6. Sun Q, Shi L, Prescott J et al. Healthy lifestyle and leukocyte telomere length in U.S. women. PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e38374.
7. Weischer M, Bojesen SE, Cawthon RM, Freiberg JJ, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Short telomere length, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and early death. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32: 822-9.
8. Njajou OT, Cawthon RM, Blackburn EH et al. Shorter telomeres are associated with obesity and weight gain in the elderly. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 36: 1176-9.
9. Fitzpatrick AL, Kronmal RA, Kimura M et al. Leukocyte Telomere Length and Mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66: 421-9.
10. Hastie ND, Dempster M, Dunlop MG, Thompson AM, Green DK, Allshire RC. Telomere reduction in human colorectal carcinoma and with ageing. Nature 1990; 346: 866-8.
11. Njajou OT, Cawthon RM, Damcott CM et al. Telomere length is paternally inherited and is associated with parental lifespan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104: 12135-9.
12. Slagboom PE, Droog S, Boomsma DI. Genetic determination of telomere size in humans: a twin study of three age groups. Am J Hum Genet 1994; 55: 876-82.
13. Vasa-Nicotera M, Brouilette S, Mangino M et al. Mapping of a major locus that determines telomere length in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76: 147-51.
14. Andrew T, Aviv A, Falchi M et al. Mapping genetic loci that determine leukocyte telomere length in a large sample of unselected female sibling pairs. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78: 480-6.
15. Bakaysa SL, Mucci LA, Slagboom PE et al. Telomere length predicts survival independent of genetic influences. Aging Cell 2007; 6: 769-74.
16. Atzmon G, Cho M, Cawthon RM et al. Evolution in health and medicine Sackler colloquium: genetic variation in human telomerase is associated with telomere length in Ashkenazi centenarians. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107(Suppl 1): 1710-17.
17. de Lange T. Shelterin: the protein complex that shapes and safeguards human telomeres. Genes Dev 2005; 19: 2100-10.
18. Degerman S, Siwicki JK, Osterman P, Lafferty-Whyte K, Keith WN, Roos G. Telomerase upregulation is a postcrisis event during senescence bypass and immortalization of two Nijmegen breakage syndrome T cell cultures. Aging Cell 2010; 9: 220-35.
19. Kishi S, Lu KP. A critical role for Pin2/TRF1 in ATM-dependent regulation. Inhibition of Pin2/TRF1 function complements telomere shortening, radiosensitivity, and the G(2)/M checkpoint defect of ataxia-telangiectasia cells. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 7420-9.
20. Nitta E, Yamashita M, Hosokawa K et al. Telomerase reverse transcriptase protects ATM-deficient hematopoietic stem cells from ROS-induced apoptosis through a telomere-independent mechanism. Blood 2011; 117: 4169-80.
21. Counter CM, Avilion AA, LeFeuvre CE et al. Telomere shortening associated with chromosome instability is arrested in immortal cells which express telomerase activity. EMBO J 1992; 11: 1921-9.
22. Hiyama E, Gollahon L, Kataoka T et al. Telomerase activity in human breast tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88: 116-22.
23. Hiyama E, Hiyama K. Telomere and telomerase in stem cells. Br J Cancer 2007; 96: 1020-4.
24. Stampfer MR, Yaswen P. Human epithelial cell immortalization as a step in carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2003; 194: 199-208.
25. Savage SA, Bertuch AA. The genetics and clinical manifestations of telomere biology disorders. Genet Med 2010; 12: 753-64.
26. Calado RT, Young NS. Telomere diseases. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 2353-65.
27. Armanios MY, Chen JJ, Cogan JD et al. Telomerase mutations in families with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1317-26.
28. Vera E, Blasco MA. Beyond average: potential for measurement of short telomeres. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 4: 379-92.
29. Lansdorp PM, Verwoerd NP, van de Rijke FM et al. Heterogeneity in telomere length of human chromosomes. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5: 685-91.
30. Canela A, Vera E, Klatt P, Blasco MA. High-throughput telomere length quantification by FISH and its application to human population studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104: 5300-5.
31. Cawthon RM. Telomere measurement by quantitative PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30: e47.
32. Cawthon RM. Telomere length measurement by a novel monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37: e21.
33. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 2011; 144: 646-74.
34. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000; 100: 57-70.
35. Campisi J, Kim SH, Lim CS, Rubio M. Cellular senescence, cancer and aging: the telomere connection. Exp Gerontol 2001; 36: 1619-37.
36. Hou L, Zhang X, Gawron AJ, Liu J. Surrogate tissue telomere length and cancer risk: shorter or longer? Cancer Lett 2012; 319: 130-5.
37. Ma H, Zhou Z, Wei S et al. Shortened telomere length is associated with increased risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2011; 6: e20466.
38. Wentzensen IM, Mirabello L, Pfeiffer RM, Savage SA. The association of telomere length and cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20: 1238-50.
39. Weischer M, Nordestgaard BG, Cawthon R, Freiberg JJ, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Bojesen SE. Short telomere length, cancer survival, and cancer risk in 47, 102 individuals. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105: 459-68.
40. Atturu G, Brouilette S, Samani NJ, London NJ, Sayers RD, Bown MJ. Short leukocyte telomere length is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 39: 559-64.
41. Balistreri CR, Pisano C, Merlo D et al. Is the mean blood leukocyte telomere length a predictor for sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm? Data from a preliminary study. Rejuvenation Res 2012; 15: 170-3.
42. Barcelo A, Pierola J, Lopez-Escribano H et al. Telomere shortening in sleep apnea syndrome. Respir Med 2010; 104: 1225-9.
43. Ding H, Chen C, Shaffer JR et al. Telomere length and risk of stroke in Chinese. Stroke 2012; 43: 658-63.
44. Farrag W, Eid M, El-Shazly S, Abdallah M. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism and telomere shortening in essential hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 351: 13-18.
45. Kurz DJ, Kloeckener-Gruissem B, Akhmedov A et al. Degenerative aortic valve stenosis, but not coronary disease, is associated with shorter telomere length in the elderly. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26: e114-17.
46. Maubaret CG, Salpea KD, Jain A et al. Telomeres are shorter in myocardial infarction patients compared to healthy subjects: correlation with environmental risk factors. J Mol Med 2010; 88: 785-94.
47. Zee RY, Michaud SE, Germer S, Ridker PM. Association of shorter mean telomere length with risk of incident myocardial infarction: a prospective, nested case-control approach. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 403: 139-41.
48. Zee RY, Castonguay AJ, Barton NS, Ridker PM. Relative leukocyte telomere length and risk of incident ischemic stroke in men: a prospective, nested case-control approach. Rejuvenation Res 2010; 13: 411-14.
49. Rode L, Bojesen SE, Weischer M, Vestbo J, Nordestgaard BG. Short telomere length, lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 46 396 individuals. Thorax 2012; 68: 429-35.
50. Ahmad S, Heraclides A, Sun Q et al. Telomere length in blood and skeletal muscle in relation to measures of glycaemia and insulinaemia. Diabet Med 2012; 29: e777-81.
51. Al-Attas OS, Al-Daghri NM, Alokail MS et al. Adiposity and insulin resistance correlate with telomere length in middle-aged Arabs: the influence of circulating adiponectin. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 163: 601-7.
52. Balasubramanyam M, Adaikalakoteswari A, Monickaraj SF, Mohan V. Telomere shortening & metabolic/vascular diseases. Indian J Med Res 2007; 125: 441-50.
53. Cross JA, Brennan C, Gray T et al. Absence of telomere shortening and oxidative DNA damage in the young adult offspring of women with pre-gestational type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 226-34.
54. Guo N, Parry EM, Li LS et al. Short telomeres compromise beta-cell signaling and survival. PLoS ONE 2011; 6: e17858.
55. Harte AL, da Silva NF, Miller MA et al. Telomere length attrition, a marker of biological senescence, is inversely correlated with triglycerides and cholesterol in South Asian males with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Diabetes Res 2012; 2012: 895185.
56. Hovatta I, de Mello VD, Kananen L et al. Leukocyte telomere length in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e34948.
57. Kejariwal D, Stepien KM, Smith T, Kennedy H, Hughes DA, Sampson MJ. Lack of association of colonic epithelium telomere length and oxidative DNA damage in Type 2 diabetes under good metabolic control. BMC Endocr Disord 2008; 8: 12.
58. Kuhlow D, Florian S, von FG et al. Telomerase deficiency impairs glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Aging (Albany NY) 2010; 2: 650-8.
59. Monickaraj F, Aravind S, Gokulakrishnan K et al. Accelerated aging as evidenced by increased telomere shortening and mitochondrial DNA depletion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365: 343-50.
60. Murillo-Ortiz B, Albarran-Tamayo F, Arenas-Aranda D et al. Telomere length and type 2 diabetes in males, a premature aging syndrome. Aging Male 2012; 15: 54-8.
61. Olivieri F, Lorenzi M, Antonicelli R et al. Leukocyte telomere shortening in elderly Type2DM patients with previous myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2009; 206: 588-93.
62. Salpea KD, Talmud PJ, Cooper JA et al. Association of telomere length with type 2 diabetes, oxidative stress and UCP2 gene variation. Atherosclerosis 2010; 209: 42-50.
63. Sampson MJ, Winterbone MS, Hughes JC, Dozio N, Hughes DA. Monocyte telomere shortening and oxidative DNA damage in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 283-9.
64. Shen Q, Zhao X, Yu L et al. Association of leukocyte telomere length with type 2 diabetes in mainland Chinese populations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97: 1371-4.
65. Tentolouris N, Nzietchueng R, Cattan V et al. White blood cells telomere length is shorter in males with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 2909-15.
66. Testa R, Olivieri F, Sirolla C et al. Leukocyte telomere length is associated with complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2011; 28: 1388-94.
67. You NC, Chen BH, Song Y et al. A prospective study of leukocyte telomere length and risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women. Diabetes 2012; 61: 2998-3004.
68. Zee RY, Castonguay AJ, Barton NS, Germer S, Martin M. Mean leukocyte telomere length shortening and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. Transl Res 2010; 155: 166-9.
69. Adaikalakoteswari A, Balasubramanyam M, Ravikumar R, Deepa R, Mohan V. Association of telomere shortening with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetic macroangiopathy. Atherosclerosis 2007; 195: 83-9.
70. Astrup AS, Tarnow L, Jorsal A et al. Telomere length predicts all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2010; 53: 45-8.
71. Fyhrquist F, Tiitu A, Saijonmaa O, Forsblom C, Groop PH. Telomere length and progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Intern Med 2010; 267: 278-86.
72. Lee J, Sandford AJ, Connett JE et al. The relationship between telomere length and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e35567.
73. Rocha V, Devergie A, Socie G et al. Unusual complications after bone marrow transplantation for dyskeratosis congenita. Br J Haematol 1998; 103: 243-8.
74. Nobili B, Rossi G, De SP et al. Successful umbilical cord blood transplantation in a child with dyskeratosis congenita after a fludarabine-based reduced-intensity conditioning regimen. Br J Haematol 2002; 119: 573-4.
75. Dror Y, Freedman MH, Leaker M et al. Low-intensity hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation across human leucocyte antigen barriers in dyskeratosis congenita. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31: 847-50.
76. Gungor T, Corbacioglu S, Storb R, Seger RA. Nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of Dyskeratosis congenita. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003; 31: 407-10.
77. Amarasinghe K, Dalley C, Dokal I, Laurie A, Gupta V, Marsh J. Late death after unrelated-BMT for dyskeratosis congenita following conditioning with alemtuzumab, fludarabine and melphalan. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 40: 913-14.
78. Vuong LG, Hemmati PG, Neuburger S et al. Reduced-intensity conditioning using fludarabine and antithymocyte globulin alone allows stable engraftment in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita. Acta Haematol 2010; 124: 200-3.
79. Dietz AC, Orchard PJ, Baker KS et al. Disease-specific hematopoietic cell transplantation: nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen for dyskeratosis congenita. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 46: 98-104.
80. Nishio N, Takahashi Y, Ohashi H et al. Reduced-intensity conditioning for alternative donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with dyskeratosis congenita. Pediatr Transplant 2011; 15: 161-6.
81. Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Otrock ZK, Bacigalupo A, Mahfouz RA, Geara F, Bazarbachi A. A reduced intensity conditioning regimen of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, antithymocyte globulin, plus 2 Gy TBI facilitates successful hematopoietic cell engraftment in an adult with dyskeratosis congenita. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 47: 1254-5.
82. Allin KH, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard BG. Baseline C-reactive protein is associated with incident cancer and survival in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 2217-24.
83. Bojesen SE, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Integrin beta3 Leu33Pro homozygosity and risk of cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95: 1150-7.
84. Ørsted DD, Bojesen SE, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Tumor suppressor p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and longevity, cancer survival, and risk of cancer in the general population. J Exp Med 2007; 204: 1295-301.
85. Kaur-Knudsen D, Nordestgaard BG, Bojesen SE. CYP2C9 genotype does not affect risk of tobacco-related cancer in the general population. Cancer Epidemiol 2010; 34: 178-83.
86. Allin KH, Nordestgaard BG, Zacho J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Bojesen SE. C-reactive protein and the risk of cancer: a mendelian randomization study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102: 202-6.
87. Codd V, Mangino M, van der Harst P et al. Common variants near TERC are associated with mean telomere length. Nat Genet 2010; 42: 197-9.
88. Levy D, Neuhausen SL, Hunt SC et al. Genome-wide association identifies OBFC1 as a locus involved in human leukocyte telomere biology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107: 9293-8.
89. Mangino M, Hwang SJ, Spector TD et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis points to CTC1 and ZNF676 as genes regulating telomere homeostasis in humans. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21: 5385-94.
90. Bojesen SE, Pooley K, Johnatty SE et al. Multiple independent TERT variants associated with telomere length and risks of breast and ovarian cancer. Nat Genet 2013; 45: 371-84.
91. Kote-Jarai Z, Saunders EJ, Leongamornlert DA et al. Fine-mapping identifies multiple prostate cancer risk loci on 5p15, one of which associates with TERT expression. Hum Mol Genet 2013 [Epub ahead of print].
92. Greider CW, Blackburn EH. Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts. Cell 1985; 43: 405-13.
93. Mukherjee S, Firpo EJ, Wang Y, Roberts JM. Separation of telomerase functions by reverse genetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108: E1363-71.
94. Choi J, Southworth LK, Sarin KY et al. TERT promotes epithelial proliferation through transcriptional control of a Myc- and Wnt-related developmental program. PLoS Genet 2008; 4: e10.
95. Park JI, Venteicher AS, Hong JY et al. Telomerase modulates Wnt signalling by association with target gene chromatin. Nature 2009; 460: 66-72.
96. Smith GD, Ebrahim S. Mendelian randomization: prospects, potentials, and limitations. Int J Epidemiol 2004; 33: 30-42.
97. Pooley KA, Sandhu MS, Tyrer J et al. Telomere length in prospective and retrospective cancer case-control studies. Cancer Res 2010; 70: 3170-6.
98. Pooley KA, Tyrer J, Shah M et al. No association between TERT-CLPTM1L single nucleotide polymorphism rs401681 and mean telomere length or cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19: 1862-5.
99. Michailidou K, Hall P, Gonzalez-Neira A et al. Large-scale genotyping identifies 41 new loci associated with breast cancer risk. Nat Genet 2013; 45:353-61.
100. Surtees PG, Wainwright NW, Pooley KA et al. Educational attainment and mean leukocyte telomere length in women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk population study. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26: 414-18.
101. Prescott J, Du M, Wong JY, Han J, De V, I. Paternal age at birth is associated with offspring leukocyte telomere length in the nurses' health study. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 3622-31.
102. Brydon L, Lin J, Butcher L et al. Hostility and cellular aging in men from the Whitehall II cohort. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 71: 767-73.
103. Okereke OI, Prescott J, Wong JY, Han J, Rexrode KM, De V. I. High phobic anxiety is related to lower leukocyte telomere length in women. PLoS ONE 2012; 7: e40516.
104. Du M, Prescott J, Kraft P et al. I. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and leukocyte telomere length in women. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 175: 414-22.
105. Moverare-Skrtic S, Johansson P, Mattsson N et al. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is reduced in stable mild cognitive impairment but low LTL is not associated with conversion to Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47: 179-82.
106. Hochstrasser T, Marksteiner J, Humpel C. Telomere length is age-dependent and reduced in monocytes of Alzheimer patients. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47: 160-3.
107. Elvsåshagen T, Vera E, Boen E et al. The load of short telomeres is increased and associated with lifetime number of depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder. J Affect Disord 2011; 135: 43-50.
108. Mainous AG III, Everett CJ, Diaz VA et al. Leukocyte telomere length and marital status among middle-aged adults. Age Ageing 2011; 40: 73-8.
109. Entringer S, Epel ES, Kumsta R et al. Stress exposure in intrauterine life is associated with shorter telomere length in young adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108: E513-18.
110. Rollison DE, Epling-Burnette PK, Park JY et al. Telomere length in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52: 1528-36.
111. Betjes MG, Langerak AW, van der Spek A, de Wit EA, Litjens NH. Premature aging of circulating T cells in patients with end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 2011; 80: 208-17.
112. Wolkowitz OM, Mellon SH, Epel ES et al. Leukocyte telomere length in major depression: correlations with chronicity, inflammation and oxidative stress-preliminary findings. PLoS ONE 2011; 6: e17837.
113. Liu J, Yang Y, Zhang H et al. Longer leukocyte telomere length predicts increased risk of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control analysis. Cancer 2011; 117: 4247-56.
114. Humphreys J, Epel ES, Cooper BA, Lin J, Blackburn EH, Lee KA. Telomere shortening in formerly abused and never abused women. Biol Res Nurs 2012; 14: 115-23.
115. Pavanello S, Hoxha M, Dioni L et al. Shortened telomeres in individuals with abuse in alcohol consumption. Int J Cancer 2011; 129: 983-92.
116. O'Donovan A, Epel E, Lin J et al. Childhood trauma associated with short leukocyte telomere length in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70: 465-71.
117. Buxton JL, Walters RG, Visvikis-Siest S, Meyre D, Froguel P, Blakemore AI. Childhood Obesity Is Associated with Shorter Leukocyte Telomere Length. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96: 1500-5.
118. Masi S, Salpea KD, Li K et al. Oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and telomere length in patients with periodontitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50: 730-5.
119. Kananen L, Surakka I, Pirkola S et al. Childhood adversities are associated with shorter telomere length at adult age both in individuals with an anxiety disorder and controls. PLoS ONE 2010; 5: e10826.
120. Wong LS, Huzen J, van der Harst P et al. Anaemia is associated with shorter leucocyte telomere length in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2010; 12: 348-53.
121. Risques RA, Arbeev KG, Yashin AI et al. Leukocyte telomere length is associated with disability in older U.S. Population. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010; 58: 1289-98.
122. Pavanello S, Pesatori AC, Dioni L et al. Shorter telomere length in peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31: 216-21.
123. Tamayo M, Mosquera A, Rego JI, Fernandez-Sueiro JL, Blanco FJ, Fernandez JL. Differing patterns of peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length in rheumatologic diseases. Mutat Res 2010; 683: 68-73.
124. Christensen K, Thinggaard M, McGue M et al. Perceived age as clinically useful biomarker of ageing: cohort study. BMJ 2009; 339: b5262.
125. O'Donovan A, Lin J, Dhabhar FS et al. Pessimism correlates with leukocyte telomere shortness and elevated interleukin-6 in post-menopausal women. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23: 446-9.
126. Mirabello L, Huang WY, Wong JY et al. The association between leukocyte telomere length and cigarette smoking, dietary and physical variables, and risk of prostate cancer. Aging Cell 2009; 8: 405-13.
127. Savale L, Chaouat A, Bastuji-Garin S et al. Shortened telomeres in circulating leukocytes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179: 566-71.
128. Nordfjäll K, Eliasson M, Stegmayr B, Lundin S, Roos G, Nilsson PM. Increased abdominal obesity, adverse psychosocial factors and shorter telomere length in subjects reporting early ageing; the MONICA Northern Sweden Study. Scand J Public Health 2008; 36: 744-52.
129. van der Harst P, van der Steege G, de Boer RA et al. Telomere length of circulating leukocytes is decreased in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 1459-64.
130. Brouilette SW, Moore JS, McMahon AD et al. Telomere length, risk of coronary heart disease, and statin treatment in the West of Scotland Primary Prevention Study: a nested case-control study. Lancet 2007; 369: 107-14.
131. Simon NM, Smoller JW, McNamara KL et al. Telomere shortening and mood disorders: preliminary support for a chronic stress model of accelerated aging. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60: 432-5.
132. Honig LS, Kang MS, Schupf N, Lee JH, Mayeux R. Association of shorter leukocyte telomere repeat length with dementia and mortality. Arch Neurol 2012; 69: 1332-9.
133. Zekry D, Krause KH, Irminger-Finger I et al. Telomere length, comorbidity, functional, nutritional and cognitive status as predictors of 5 years post hospital discharge survival in the oldest old. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16: 225-30.
134. Martin-Ruiz C, Jagger C, Kingston A et al. Assessment of a large panel of candidate biomarkers of ageing in the Newcastle 85 + study. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132: 496-502.
135. Willeit P, Willeit J, Kloss-Brandstatter A, Kronenberg F, Kiechl S. Fifteen-year follow-up of association between telomere length and incident cancer and cancer mortality. JAMA 2011; 306: 42-4.
136. Strandberg TE, Saijonmaa O, Tilvis RS et al. Association of telomere length in older men with mortality and midlife body mass index and smoking. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66: 815-20.
137. Houben JM, Giltay EJ, Rius-Ottenheim N, Hageman GJ, Kromhout D. Telomere length and mortality in elderly men: the Zutphen Elderly Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66: 38-44.
138. Valls C, Pinol C, Rene JM, Buenestado J, Vinas J. Telomere length is a prognostic factor for overall survival in colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13: 1265-72.
139. Willeit P, Willeit J, Mayr A et al. Telomere length and risk of incident cancer and cancer mortality. JAMA 2010; 304: 69-75.
140. Njajou OT, Hsueh WC, Blackburn EH et al. Association between telomere length, specific causes of death, and years of healthy life in health, aging, and body composition, a population-based cohort study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64: 860-4.
141. Svenson U, Ljungberg B, Roos G. Telomere length in peripheral blood predicts survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 2896-901.
142. Epel ES, Merkin SS, Cawthon R et al. The rate of leukocyte telomere shortening predicts mortality from cardiovascular disease in elderly men. Aging (Albany NY) 2009; 1: 81-8.
143. Svenson U, Nordfjall K, Stegmayr B et al. Breast cancer survival is associated with telomere length in peripheral blood cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68: 3618-23.
144. Farzaneh-Far R, Cawthon RM, Na B, Browner WS, Schiller NB, Whooley MA. Prognostic value of leukocyte telomere length in patients with stable coronary artery disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28: 1379-84.
145. Kimura M, Hjelmborg JV, Gardner JP et al. Telomere length and mortality: a study of leukocytes in elderly Danish twins. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167: 799-806.
146. Harris SE, Deary IJ, MacIntyre A et al. The association between telomere length, physical health, cognitive ageing, and mortality in non-demented older people. Neurosci Lett 2006; 406: 260-4.
147. Honig LS, Schupf N, Lee JH, Tang MX, Mayeux R. Shorter telomeres are associated with mortality in those with APOE epsilon4 and dementia. Ann Neurol 2006; 60: 181-7.
148. Martin-Ruiz C, Dickinson HO, Keys B, Rowan E, Kenny RA, von ZT. Telomere length predicts poststroke mortality, dementia, and cognitive decline. Ann Neurol 2006; 60: 174-80.
149. Bischoff C, Petersen HC, Graakjaer J et al. No association between telomere length and survival among the elderly and oldest old. Epidemiology 2006; 17: 190-4.
150. Martin-Ruiz CM, Gussekloo J, van HD, von ZT, Westendorp RG. Telomere length in white blood cells is not associated with morbidity or mortality in the oldest old: a population-based study. Aging Cell 2005; 4: 287-90.
151. Cawthon RM, Smith KR, O'Brien E, Sivatchenko A, Kerber RA. Association between telomere length in blood and mortality in people aged 60 years or older. Lancet 2003; 361: 393-5.