A national cholera epidemic with high case fatality rates-Kenya 2009

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 208, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2013, Pages

  Loharikar, Anagha ^a,b   Briere, Elizabeth ^a,b   Ope, Maurice ^c   Langat, Daniel ^c   Njeru, Ian ^c   Gathigi, Lucy ^d   Makayotto, Lyndah ^d   Ismail, Abdirizak M ^d   Thuranira, Martin ^d   Abade, Ahmed ^d   Amwayi, Samuel ^d   Omolo, Jared ^d   Oundo, Joe ^d,e   De Cock, Kevin M ^e   Breiman, Robert F ^e   Ayers, Tracy ^b   Mintz, Eric ^b   O'Reilly, Ciara E ^b  

^a CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR EMERGING AND ZOONOTIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^c Division of Disease Surveillance and Response   (United States)

^d Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation   (Kenya)

^e Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kenya   (Kenya)

Author keywords

cholera; Kenya; nomadic semi pastoral; outbreak; sanitation; water

Indexed keywords

CIPROFLOXACIN; INFUSION FLUID; ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION; TETRACYCLINE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; CASE MANAGEMENT; CHILD; CHOLERA; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE AVAILABILITY; HEALTH EDUCATION; HUMAN; KENYA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY; PATIENT TRANSPORT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; SOCIOECONOMICS; WATER AVAILABILITY; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TREATMENT;

CHOLERA; KENYA; NOMADIC/SEMI-PASTORAL; OUTBREAK; SANITATION; WATER;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHOLERA; EPIDEMICS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; KENYA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84885749615     PISSN: 00221899     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit220     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Sack DA, Sack RB, Nair GB, Siddique AK. Cholera. Lancet 2004; 363:223-33. (Pubitemid 38114723)
2. WHO. Cholera annual report 2009. Weekly Epidemiologic Record 2010; 85:293-308.
3. WHO. Cholera annual report 2008. Weekly Epidemiologic Record 2009; 84:309-24.
4. WHO. Cholera annual report 2007. Weekly Epidemiologic Record 2008; 83:261-84.
5. WHO. Cholera annual report 2006. Weekly Epidemiologic Record 2007; 82:273-84.
6. WHO. Cholera annual report 2005. Weekly Epidemiologic Record 2006; 81:297-308.
7. WHO. Cholera annual report 2004. Weekly Epidemiologic Record 2005; 80:261-8.
8. WHO. Cholera annual report 2003. Weekly Epidemiologic Record 2004; 79:281-8.
9. WHO. Cholera annual report 2002. Weekly Epidemiologic Record 2003; 78:269-76.
10. WHO. Cholera annual report 2001. Weekly Epidemiologic Record 2002; 77:257-68.
11. Cholera, 2010. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2011; 86:325-39.
12. WHO. Cholera, 2011.Weekly Epidemiologic Record 2012; 87:289-304.
13. Mintz ED, Guerrant RL. A lion in our village-the unconscionable tragedy of cholera in Africa. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:1060-3.
14. Gaffga NH, Tauxe RV, Mintz ED. Cholera: a new homeland in Africa? Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 77:705-13. (Pubitemid 351844296)
15. Griffith DC, Kelly-Hope LA, Miller MA. Review of reported cholera outbreaks worldwide, 1995-2005. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 75:973-7. (Pubitemid 351627552)
16. WHO C. Technical guidelines for integrated disease surveillance and response in the African region. In: Kasolo FK, Roungou JB, Perry H, eds. 2nd ed. WHO, CDC, 2010.
17. Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation. Guidelines on cholera control. Kenya: Division of Disease Surveillance and Response, 2002.
18. WHO. Cholera annual report 2000. Weekly Epidemiologic Record 2001; 76:233-40.
19. Mohamed AA, Oundo J, Kariuki SM, et al. Molecular epidemiology of geographically dispersed Vibrio cholerae, Kenya, January 2009-May 2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:925-31.
20. Dunkle SE, Mba-Jonas A, Loharikar A, et al. Epidemic cholera in a crowded urban environment, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:2143-6.
21. Gazin P, Louissaint M. [Response to the cholera epidemic at Port au Prince (Haiti) in December 2010]. Med Trop (Mars) 2011; 71:428-30.
22. Penrose K, de Castro MC, Werema J, Ryan ET. Informal urban settlements and cholera risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e631.
23. Quick RE, Gerber ML, Palacios AM, et al. Using a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey to supplement findings of an outbreak investigation: cholera prevention measures during the 1991 epidemic in Peru. Int J Epidemiol 1996; 25:872-8.
24. Siddique AK. Cholera epidemic among Rwandan refugees: experience of ICDDR,B in Goma, Zaire. Glimpse 1994; 16:3-4.
25. Siddique AK, Salam A, Islam MS, et al. Why treatment centres failed to prevent cholera deaths among Rwandan refugees in Goma, Zaire. Lancet 1995; 345:359-61.
26. Swerdlow DL, Malenga G, Begkoyian G, et al. Epidemic cholera among refugees in Malawi, Africa: treatment and transmission. Epidemiol Infect 1997; 118:207-14. (Pubitemid 27289126)
27. Quick RE, Vargas R, Moreno D, et al. Epidemic cholera in the Amazon: the challenge of preventing death. Am J TropMed Hyg 1993; 48:597-602. (Pubitemid 23187187)
28. Cummings MJ, Wamala JF, Eyura M, et al. A cholera outbreak among semi-nomadic pastoralists in northeastern Uganda: epidemiology and interventions. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 140:1376-85.
29. Cartwright EJ, Patel MK, Mbopi-Keou FX, et al. Recurrent epidemic cholera with high mortality in Cameroon: persistent challenges 40 years into the seventh pandemic. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 7:1-11.
30. Bordalo AA, Savva-Bordalo J. The quest for safe drinking water: an example from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa).Water Res 2007; 41:2978-86. (Pubitemid 46879885)
31. Garrett V, Ogutu P, Mabonga P, et al. Diarrhoea prevention in a highrisk rural Kenyan population through point-of-use chlorination, safe water storage, sanitation, and rainwater harvesting. Epidemiol Infect 2008; 136:1463-71.
32. Tauxe RV, Mintz ED, Quick RE. Epidemic cholera in the new world: translating field epidemiology into new prevention strategies. Emerg Infect Dis 1995; 1:141-6.
33. Routh JA, Loharikar A, Fouche MD, et al. Rapid assessment of cholerarelated deaths, Artibonite Department, Haiti, 2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:2139-42.
34. Forsberg BC, Petzold MG, Tomson G, Allebeck P. Diarrhoea case management in low-and middle-income countries-an unfinished agenda. BullWorld Health Organ 2007; 85:42-8.
35. Hilton AK, Pellegrino VA, Scheinkestel CD. Avoiding common problems associated with intravenous fluid therapy. Med J Aust 2008; 189: 509-13.
36. WHO. Guidelines for cholera control. Geneva, Switzerland, 1993.
37. Siddique AK, Nair GB, Alam M, et al. El Tor cholera with severe disease: a new threat to Asia and beyond. Epidemiol Infect 2010; 138: 347-52.
38. CDC. Antibiotic Treatment: Recommendations for the use of antibiotics for the treatment of cholera.
39. Taylor CE, Greenough WB 3rd. Control of diarrheal diseases. Annu Rev Public Health 1989; 10:221-44. (Pubitemid 19137980)
40. Banwell JG. Worldwide impact of oral rehydration therapy. Clin Ther 1990; 12(Suppl A):29-36; discussion 36-7.
41. George A, Menotti EP, Rivera D, Montes I, Reyes CM, Marsh DR. Community case management of childhood illness in Nicaragua: transforming health systems in underserved rural areas. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2009; 20:99-115.
42. Bosompra K. Dissemination of health information among rural dwellers in Africa: a Ghanaian experience. Soc Sci Med 1989; 29: 1133-40. (Pubitemid 19254587)
43. Shikanga OT, Mutonga D, Abade M, et al. High mortality in a cholera outbreak in western Kenya after post-election violence in 2008. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009; 81:1085-90.