Hydraulic analysis of an upflow sand filter: Tracer experiments, mathematical model and CFD computation

Chemical Engineering Science

Volumn 104, Issue , 2013, Pages 460-472

  Qi, Wei Kang ^a,b   Guo, Yi Ling ^b   Xue, Mei ^b   Li, Yu You ^a  

^a TOHOKU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b QINGDAO TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

CFD; Hydraulic characteristics; Mathematical model; Residence time distribution (RTD); Sand filter; Simulation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84885731062     PISSN: 00092509     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.09.035     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Alex J., Kolisch G., Krause K. Model structure identification for wastewater treatment simulation based on computational fluid dynamics. Water Science and Technology 2002, 45(4-5):325-334.
2. Ascuntar Ríos D., Toro Vélez A.F., Peña M.R., Madera Parra C.A. Changes of flow patterns in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater in tropical regions. Ecological Engineering 2009, 35(2):274-280.
3. Badkoubi A., Ganjidoust H., Ghaderi A., Rajabi A. Performance of a subsurface constructed wetland in Iran. Water Science and Technology 1998, 38(1):345-350.
4. Behin J., Aghajari M. Influence of water level on oil-water separation by residence time distribution curves investigations. Separation and Purification Technology 2008, 64(1):48-55.
5. Brannock M., Wang Y., Leslie G. Mixing characterisation of full-scale membrane bioreactors: CFD modelling with experimental validation. Water Research 2010, 44(10):3181-3191.
6. Buchberger S.G., Shaw G.B. An approach toward rational design of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Ecological Engineering 1995, 4(4):249-275.
7. Carleton J.N., Montas H.J. An analysis of performance models for free water surface wetlands. Water Research 2010, 44(12):3595-3606.
8. Chazarenc F., Merlin G., Gonthier Y. Hydrodynamics of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering 2003, 21(12):165-173.
9. Danckwerts P.V. Continuous flow systems: distribution of residence times. Chemical Engineering Science 1953, 2(1):1-13.
10. Davis M.E., Davis R.J. Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering 2003, McGraw-Hill, New York.
11. Digiano F.A., Zhang W.D., Travaglia A. Calculation of the mean residence time in distribution systems from tracer studies and models. Journal of Water Supply 2005, 54(1):1-14.
12. Din G.U., Chughtai I.R., Inayat M.H., Khan I.H., Qazi N.K. Modeling of a two-phase countercurrent pulsed sieve plate extraction column-a hybrid CFD and radiotracer RTD analysis approach. Separation and Purification Technology 2010, 73(2):302-309.
13. Fan L., Reti H., Wang W., Lu Z., Yang Z. Application of computational fluid dynamic to model the hydraulic performance of subsurface flow wetlands. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008, 20(12):1415-1422.
14. Fan L.W., Hai R.T., Lu Z.X. CFD study on hydraulic performance of subsurface flow constructed wetland: effect of distribution and catchment area. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 2009, 26(5):1272-1278.
15. Fogler H. Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering 2006, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
16. Furman L., Stegowski Z. CFD models of jet mixing and their validation by tracer experiments. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 2011, 50(3):300-304.
17. García J., Aguirre P., Barragán J., Mujeriego R., Matamoros V., Bayona J.M. Effect of key design parameters on the efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering 2005, 25(4):405-418.
18. García J., Chiva J., Aguirre P., Álvarez E., Sierra J.P., Mujeriego R. Hydraulic behaviour of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different aspect ratio and granular medium size. Ecological Engineering 2004, 23(3):177-187.
19. Giraldi D., Vitturi M.d.M., Zaramella M., Marion A., Iannelli R. Hydrodynamics of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands: tracer tests with rhodamine WT and numerical modelling. Ecological Engineering 2009, 35(2):265-273.
20. Hodgson C.J., Perkins J., Labadz J.C. The use of microbial tracers to monitor seasonal variations in effluent retention in a constructed wetland. Water Research 2004, 38(18):3833-3844.
21. Holland J.F., Martin J.F., Granata T., Bouchard V., Quigley M., Brown L. Effects of wetland depth and flow rate on residence time distribution characteristics. Ecological Engineering 2004, 23(3):189-203.
22. IAEA Radiotracer Residence Time Distribution Method for Industrial and Environmental Applications 2008, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
23. Kadlec R.H. Detention and mixing in free water wetlands. Ecological Engineering 1994, 3(4):345-380.
24. Kadlec R.H. The inadequacy of first-order treatment wetland models. Ecological Engineering 2000, 15(1-2):105-119.
25. Klusener P.A.A., Jonkers G., During F., Hollander E.D., Schellekens C.J., Ploemen I.H.J., Othman A., Bos A.N.R. Horizontal cross-flow bubble column reactors: CFD and validation by plant scale tracer experiments. Chemical Engineering Science 2007, 62(18-20):5495-5502.
26. Langergraber G., Giraldi D., Mena J., Meyer D., Peña M., Toscano A., Brovelli A., Korkusuz E.A. Recent developments in numerical modelling of subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Science of The Total Environment 2009, 407(13):3931-3943.
27. Lappalainen K., Gorshkova E., Manninen M., Alopaeus V. Characteristics of liquid and tracer dispersion in trickle-bed reactors: effect on CFD modeling and experimental analyses. Computers and Chemical Engineering 2011, 35(1):41-49.
28. Levenspiel, O. 1999. Chemical Reaction Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
29. Liem L.E., Stanley S.J., Smith D.W. Residence time distribution analysis as related to the effective contact time. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 1999, 26(2):135-144.
30. Liu M. Age distribution and the degree of mixing in continuous flow stirred tank reactors. Chemical Engineering Science 2012, 69(1):382-393.
31. Lopes J.M., Lemos F., Pinheiro C., Ribeiro F.R.A., ES F.D.M., MENDES A., COSTA C. Teaching residence time distributions in the laboratory. International Journal of Engineering Education 2002, 18(6):674-681.
32. Małoszewski P., Wachniew P., Czupryński P. Study of hydraulic parameters in heterogeneous gravel beds: constructed wetland in Nowa Słupia (Poland). Journal of Hydrology 2006, 331(3-4):630-642.
33. Marsili-Libelli S., Checchi N. Identification of dynamic models for horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands. Ecological Modelling 2005, 187(2-3):201-218.
34. Martinez C.J., Wise W.R. Analysis of constructed treatment wetland hydraulics with the transient storage model OTIS. Ecological Engineering 2003, 20(3):211-222.
35. Metcalf L., Eddy H. Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Reuse 2004, McGraw-Hill, New York.
36. Nemtsov D.A., Zabaniotou A. Mathematical modelling and simulation approaches of agricultural residues air gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Chemical Engineering Journal 2008, 143(1):10-31.
37. Olivet D., Valls J., Gordillo M.A., Freixo A., Sanchez A. Application of residence time distribution technique to the study of the hydrodynamic behaviour of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant plug-flow bioreactor. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 2005, 80(4):425-432.
38. Persson J., Somes N.L.G., Wong T.H.F. Hydraulics efficiency of constructed wetlands and ponds. Water Science and Technology 1999, 40(3):291-300.
39. Plugatyr A., Svishchev I.M. Residence time distribution measurements and flow modeling in a supercritical water oxidation reactor: application of transfer function concept. Journal of Supercritical Fluids 2008, 44(1):31-39.
40. Qi W.K., Guo Y.L. Design of hydrodynamic characteristics experiment and analysis method. Huaxue Gongcheng/Chemical Engineering (China) 2012, 40(5):36-40+49.
41. Salem A.I., Okoth G., Thöming J. An approach to improve the separation of solid-liquid suspensions in inclined plate settlers: CFD simulation and experimental validation. Water Research 2011, 45(11):3541-3549.
42. Su T.M., Yang S.C., Shih S.S., Lee H.Y. Optimal design for hydraulic efficiency performance of free-water-surface constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering 2009, 35(8):1200-1207.
43. Tanner C.C., Sukias J.P.S., Upsdell M.P. Organic matter accumulation during maturation of gravel-bed constructed wetlands treating farm dairy wastewaters. Water Research 1998, 32(10):3046-3054.
44. Tembhurkar A., Mhaisalkar V. Study of hydrodynamic behavior of a laboratory scale upflow anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor. Journal of Environmental Science & Engineering 2006, 48(2):75-80.
45. Toscano A., Langergraber G., Consoli S., Cirelli G.L. Modelling pollutant removal in a pilot-scale two-stage subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Ecological Engineering 2009, 35(2):281-289.
46. USEPA Manual: Constructed Wetlands Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters 2000, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
47. Wang H., Jawitz J.W. Hydraulic analysis of cell-network treatment wetlands. Journal of Hydrology 2006, 330(3-4):721-734.
48. Werner T.M., Kadlec R.H. Wetland residence time distribution modeling. Ecological Engineering 2000, 15(1-2):77-90.
49. Wilson J.M., Venayagamoorthy S.K. Evaluation of hydraulic efficiency of disinfection systems based on residence time distribution curves. Environmental Science & Technology 2010, 44(24):9377-9382.
50. Zahraeifard V., Deng Z. Hydraulic residence time computation for constructed wetland design. Ecological Engineering 2011, 37(12):2087-2091.