Salvage Therapy of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Leukemias: Principles and Practice of Therapy

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 217-227

  Gökbuget, Nicola ^a   Hoelzer, Dieter ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL FRANKFURT   (Germany)

^b Onkologikum am Museumsufer   (Germany)

Author keywords

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); Chemotherapy; Minimal residual disease; New drugs; Relapse; Salvage; Stem cell transplantation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84885565599     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444327359.ch17     Document Type: Chapter

References (61)

1. Gökbuget N, Hoelzer D. Treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sem Hematol 2009;46:64-75.
2. Szczepanski T. Why and how to quantify minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia? Leukemia 2007;21 :622-6.
3. Raff T, Gökbuget N, Luschen S, et al. Molecular relapse in adult standard-risk ALL patients detected by prospective MRD monitoring during and after maintenance treatment:data from the GMALL 06/99 and 07/03 trials. Blood 2007;109:910-15.
4. Tavernier E, Boiron JM, Huguet F, et al. Outcome of treatment after first relapse in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia initially treated by the LALA-94 trial. Leukemia 2007;21 :1907-14.
5. Fielding AK, Richards SM, Chopra R, et al. Outcome of 609 adults after relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); an MRC UKALL12/ECOG 2993 study. Blood 2007;109:944-50.
6. Oriol A, Vives S, Hernández-Rivas JM, et al. Outcome after relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult patients included in four consecutive risk-adapted trials by the PETHEMA Study Group. Haematologica 2010;95:589-96.
7. Thomas DA, Kantarjian H, Smith TL, et al. Primary refractory and relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia:characteristics, treatment results, and prognosis with salvage therapy. Cancer 1999;86:1216-30.
8. O'Brien S, Thomas D, Ravandi F, et al. Outcome of adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia after second salvage therapy. Cancer 2008;113:3186-91.
9. Koller CA, Kantarjian HM, Thomas D, et al. The hyper-CVAD regimen improves outcome in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. L eukemia 1997;11:2039-44.
10. Giona F, Annino L, Rondelli R, et al. Treatment of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first bone marrow relapse. Br J Haematol 1997;97:896-903.
11. Camera A, Annino L, Chiurazzi F, et al. GIMEMA ALL - Rescue 97:a salvage strategy for primary refractory or relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2004;89:145-53.
12. Giebel S, Krawczyk-Kulis M, Adamczyk-Cioch M, et al. Fludarabine, cytarabine, and mitoxantrone (FLAM) for the treatment of relapsed and refractory adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A phase study by the Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG). Ann Hematol 2006;85:717-22.
13. Martino R, Bellido M, Brunet S, et al. Intensive salvage chemotherapy for primary refractory or first relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia:results of a prospective trial. Haematologica 1999;84:505-10.
14. Welborn JL. Impact of reinduction regimens for relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Am J Hematol 1994;45:341-344.
15. Bassan R, Lerede T, Barbui T. Strategies for the treatment of recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Haematologica 1996;81:20-36.
16. Garcia-Manero G, Thomas DA. Salvage therapy for refractory or relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2001;15:163-205.
17. Hoelzer D. High-dose chemotherapy in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Semin Hematol 1991;28 (Suppl.4):84-9.
18. Arcese W, Meloni G, Giona F, et al. Idarubicin plus ARA-C followed by allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation in advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Bone Marrow Transplant 1991;2:38a.
19. Freund M, Heil G, Arnold R, et al. Treatment of relapsed ALL - studies of the German ALL Cooperative Group. Ann Hematol 1997;74:A15.
20. Montillo M, Tedeschi A, Discepoli G, et al. Fludarabine and cytosine arabinoside + G-CSF in the treatment of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia:preliminary results. Blood 1994;94:622a.
21. Visani G, Tosi P, Zinzani PL, et al. FLAG (fludarabine, cytarabine, G-CSF) as a second line therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia with myeloid antigen expression:in vitro and in vivo effects. Eur J Haematol 1996;56:308-12.
22. Montillo M, Tedeschi A, Centuriono R, Leoni P. Treatment of relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with fludarabine and cytosine arabinoside followed by granulocyte colony - stimulating factor (FLAG-GCSF). Leuk Lymphoma 1997;25 :579-82.
23. Specchia G, Pastore D, Carluccio P, et al. FLAG-IDA in the treatment of relapsed/refractory adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A nn Hematol 2005;84:792-5.
24. Yavuz S, Paydas S, Disel U, Sahin B. IDA-FLAG regimen for the therapy of primary refractory and relapse acute leukemia:a single-center experience. Am J Ther 2006;13:389-93.
25. Mazza JJ, Leong T, Rowe JM, Wiernik PH, Cassileth PA. Treatment of adult patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia in relapse. Leuk Lymphoma 1996;20:317-19.
26. Rosen PJ, Rankin C, Head DR, et al. A phase II study of high dose ARA-C and mitoxantrone for treatment of relapsed or refractory adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2000;24:183-7.
27. Reman O, Buzyn A, Lhéritier V, et al. Rescue therapy combining intermediate-dose cytarabine with amsacrine and etoposide in relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematol J 2004;5:123-9.
28. Hahn T, Wall D, Camitta B, et al. The role of cytotoxic therapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults:an evidence-based review. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006;12:1-30.
29. Loberiza F. Summary Slides 2003 - part III. IMBTR/ABMTR Newsletter 2006;10:6-9.
30. Chaidos A, Kanfer E, Apperley JF. Risk assessment in haemotopoietic stem cell transplantation:disease and disease stage. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2007;20:125-54.
31. Johny A, Song KW, Nantel SH et al. Early stem cell transplantation for refractory acute leukemia after salvage therapy with high-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide. Biol. Blood.Marrow. Transplant. 2006;12:480-489.
32. Cornelissen JJ, Carston M, Kollman C, et al. Unrelated marrow transplantation for adult patients with poor-risk acute lym phoblastic leukemia:strong graft-versus-leukemia effect and risk factors determining outcome. Blood 2001;97:1572-7.
33. Goulden N, Langlands K, Steward C, et al. PCR assessment of bone marrow status in 'isolated' extramedullary relapse of childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Br J Haematol 1994;87:282-5.
34. O'Reilly J, Meyer B, Baker D, et al. Correlation of bone marrow minimal residual disease and apparent isolated extramedullary relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 1995;15:624-7.
35. Neale GAM, Pui C-H, Mahmoud HH, et al. Molecular evidence for minimal residual bone marrow disease in children with 'isolated' extra-medullary relapse of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. L eukemia 1994;8:768-75.
36. Hagedorn N, Acquaviva C, Fronkova E, et al. Submicroscopic bone marrow involvement in isolated extramedullary relapses in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia:a more precise definition of "isolated" and its possible clinical implications, a collaborative study of the Resistant Disease Committee of the International BFM study group. Blood 2007;110:4022-9.
37. Frassoni F, Barrett AJ, Granena A, et al. Relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia:a survey by the E.B.M.T. of 117 cases. Br J Haematol 1988;70:317-20.
38. Kumar L. Leukemia:management of relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:1710-17.
39. Eckert C, Biondi A, Seeger K, et al. Prognostic value of minimal residual disease in relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. L ancet 2001;358:1239-41.
40. Knechtli CJC, Goulden NJ, Hancock JP, et al. Minimal residual disease status before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is an important determinant of successful outcome for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 1998;92:4072-9.
41. Bader P, Hancock J, Kreyenberg H, et al. Minimal residual disease (MRD) status prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a powerful predictor for post-transplant outcome in children with ALL. Leukemia 2002;16:1668-72.
42. Goulden N, Bader P, van der Velden V, et al. Minimal residual disease prior to stem cell transplant for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Br J Haematol 2003;122:24-9.
43. Bailey LC, Lange BJ, Rheingold SR, Bunin NJ. Bone-marrow relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Lancet Oncol 2008;9:873-83.
44. Pui CH, Jeha S. New therapeutic strategies for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007;6 :149-65.
45. Thomas X. Emerging drugs for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2005;10:591-617.
46. Gökbuget N, Hoelzer D. Treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2006;133-141.
47. Berg SL, Blaney SM, Devidas M, et al. Phase II study of nelarabine (compound 506U78) in children and young adults with refractory T-cell malignancies:a report from the Children' s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:3376-82.
48. Deangelo DJ, Yu D, Johnson JL, et al. Nelarabine induces complete remissions in adults with relapsed or refractory T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma:cancer and leukemia group B study 19801. Blood 2007. [Epub ahead of print.]
49. Jeha S, Gandhi V, Chan KW, et al. Clofarabine, a novel nucleoside analog, is active in pediatric patients with advanced leukemia. B lood 2004;103:784-9.
50. Hijiya N, Gaynon PS, Fernandez M, et al. Durable remissions observed in a Phase I/II study of clofarabine in combination with etoposide and cyclophosphamide in pediatric patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2008;112:2925.
51. Gandhi V, Kilpatrick JM, Plunkett W, et al. A proof-of-principle pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical study with purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor immucillin-H (BCX - 1777, forodesine). Blood 2005;106:4253-60.
52. Stelljes M, Kienast J, Berning B, et al. Forodesine in patients with refractory/relapsed T-ALL can induce prolonged stable remission with minimal toxicity before and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2006;108:5340.
53. Gökbuget N, Baumann A, Beck J, et al. PEG-asparaginase in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL):efficacy and feasibility analysis with increasing dose levels. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2008;112:302.
54. Bertrand Y, Thomas X, Baruchel A, et al. GRASPALL 2005.01 Clinical Study:l-Asparaginase loaded into red blood cells is effective at depleting serum asparagine in children and adults with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2008;112:306.
55. Offidani M, Corvatta L, Malerba L, et al. Comparison of two regimens for the treatment of elderly patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Leuk Lymphoma 2005;46:233-8.
56. Candoni A, Michelutti A, Simeone E, et al. Efficacy of liposomal daunorubicin and cytarabine as reinduction chemotherapy in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia despite expression of multidrug resistance-related proteins. Eur J Haematol 2006;77:293-9.
57. Thomas DA, Kantarjian HM, Stock W, et al. Phase 1 multicenter study of vincristine sulfate liposomes injection and dexamethasone in adults with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer 2009;115:5490-8.
58. Benesch M, Urban C. Liposomal cytarabine for leukemic and lymphomatous meningitis:recent developments. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008;9:301-9.
59. Raetz EA, Cairo MS, Borowitz MJ, et al. Chemoimmunotherapy reinduction with epratuzumab in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in marrow relapse:a Children' s Oncology Group Pilot Study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:3756-62.
60. Chevallier P, Mahe B, Garand R, et al. Combination of chemotherapy and gemtuzumab ozogamicin in adult Philadelphia positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient harboring CD33 expression. Int J Hematol 2008;88:209-11.
61. Crazzolara R, Bendall L. Emerging treatments in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2009;9:19-31.