Distributed energy resources: Policy implications of decentralization

Electricity Journal

Volumn 26, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 65-87

  Newcomb, James ^a   Lacy, Virginia ^a   Hansen, Lena ^a   Bell, Mathias ^a  

^a Bio Economic Research Associates   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENERGY RESOURCES; PUBLIC POLICY;

CENTRALIZED RESOURCES; DECENTRALISATION; DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES; DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES; ELECTRICITY FUTURES; LEVEL PLAYING FIELDS; POLICY IMPLICATIONS; RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY; RENEWABLE RESOURCE; RESOURCE POLICY;

ELECTRIC UTILITIES;

EID: 84885432740     PISSN: 10406190     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tej.2013.09.003     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Distributed resources include: energy efficiency, demand response, distributed generation and storage (both thermal and electric), and smart electric vehicle charging.
2. Flexibility resources allow electricity supply and demand to be balanced over time. With high penetrations of variable renewable generation, flexibility is especially important. Distributed flexibility resources include demand response, controlled electric vehicle charging, distributed storage, and dispatchable distributed generation.
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16. According to the Energy Policy Act of 2005, ''The term 'integrated resource planning' means, in the case of an electric utility, a planning and selection process for new energy resources that evaluates the full range of alternatives, including new generating capacity, power purchases, energy conservation and efficiency, cogeneration and district heating and cooling applications, and renewable energy resources, in order to provide adequate and reliable service to its electric customers at the lowest system cost. The process shall take into account necessary features for system operation, such as diversity, reliability, dispatchability, and other factors of risk; shall take into account the ability to verify energy savings achieved through energy conservation and efficiency and the projected durability of such savings measured over time; and shall treat demand and supply resources on a consistent and integrated basis.''
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33. A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. A microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both gridconnected or island-mode.
34. Virtual power plants are groups of distributed generation assets managed by one entity.
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36. Billion-market 40. Tom Stanton (2012), Are Smart Microgrids in Your Future? Exploring Challenges and Opportunities for State Public Utility Regulators, National Regulatory Research Institutehttp://www.secs.oakland.edu/ frick/Smart_Grid/Leidel_OU/ Are%20Smart%20Microgrids%20in% 20Your%20Future_Stanton_2012_ NRRI-12-15.pdf
37. Solar America Board for Codes and Standards.
38. Another important difference is that those vehicles are several times as efficient (thanks to ultralighting, better aerodynamics and tires, more-efficient accessories, and better-integrated design) as in RE Futures-a vital step in making electric vehicles rapidly affordable by eliminating half to twothirds of their costly batteries. DOE is adopting this fewer-batteries-beforecheaper- batteries strategy, and so are several influential automakers. The result will presumably be faster adoption of electric vehicles but with smaller charging loads, lower electricity consumption, and smaller sellback and regulation potential per vehicle than most analyses assume.
39. See Riley Allen and Dave Farnsworth, Creating New Opportunities for Non-Utility Business Partners, Regulatory Assistance Project discussion paper, June 7, 2013.