Squiggle evidence: The child, the canvas, and the "negative labor" of history

History and Memory

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 5-39

  Farley, Lisa ^a  

^a YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84885424917     PISSN: 0935560X     EISSN: 15271994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/ham.2011.0007     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. D. W. Winnicott, "The Squiggle Game" (1968), in idem, Psychoanalytic Explorations, ed. Clare Winnicott, Ray Shepherd and Madeleine Davis (London: Karnac Books, 1989), 301-2.
2. Adam Phillips, Winnicott (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988), 15.
3. Winnicott, "The Squiggle Game", 302.
4. Michael Günter, Playing the Unconscious: Psychoanalytic Interviews with Children Using Winnicott's Squiggle Technique (London: Karnac Books, 2007).
5. Sigmund Freud, "An Outline of Psychoanalysis" (1940), in The Penguin Freud Reader, trans. Helena Ragg-Kirkby, ed. Adam Phillips (London: Penguin, 2006), 21.
6. Robert Jay Lifton, "On Psychohistory", in R. J. Lifton and Roy Olson eds., Explorations in Psychohistory: The Wellfeet Papers (New york: Simon and Schuster, 1974).
7. See also Peter Gay, Freud for Historians (Oxford: Oxford university Press, 1985).
8. Lifton, "On Psychohistory", 31.
9. Deborah Britzman, The Very Thought of Education: Psychoanalysis and the Impossible Professions (Albany: State university of New york Press, 2009), 104.
10. André Green, The Work of the Negative, trans. Andrew Weller (London: Free Association Books, 1999);
11. Christopher Bollas, The Shadow of the Object: Psychoanalysis of the Unthought Known (New york: Columbia University Press, 1987).
12. Cathy Caruth, Trauma: Explorations in Memory (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1995), 10.
13. D. W. Winnicott, Therapeutic Consultations in Child Psychiatry (New york: Basic Books, 1971), 4.
14. D. W. Winnicott, "Interrelating apart from Instinctual Drive", in idem, Playing and Reality (London: Tavistock, 1971), 130.
15. D. W. Winnicott, "Psychiatric Disorder in Terms of Infantile Maturational Processes", in idem, The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment: Studies in the Theory of Emotional Development (1963; London: Karnac Books, 1990), 241.
16. Green, The Work of the Negative, 16.
17. Winnicott, "Creativity and Its Origins", in idem, Playing and Reality, 71.
18. Adam Phillips, Going Sane: Maps of Happiness (New york: Fourth Estate, 2005).
19. Winnicott, Therapeutic Consultations, 125.
20. Winnicott mentions the number 285 in a paper given at a meeting of the Medical Section of the British Psychological Society on February 27, 1946, as cited in Winnicott, "Children's Hostels in War and Peace" (1948), in idem, Deprivation and Delinquency, ed. Clare Winnicott, Ray Shepherd and Madeleine Davis (London: Tavistock, 1984), 73.
21. Winnicott: Life and Work (Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 2003), 90.
22. While Winnicott had perhaps always had an interest in the mother-baby dyad, Winnicott's biographers, Rodman and Phillips, comment on the consolidation of this thinking in the decade of the 1940s, both during and after his wartime work with hostel youth. This context had given him ample opportunity to witness the effects of maternal bonding and separation in healthy environments and those of ill health. Perhaps the best evidence of this shift toward the maternal environment (rather than the child's internal state alone) can be found in an undated paper that is estimated to have been published in the early 1940s: Winnicott, "The Delinquent and the Habitual Offender", in idem, Thinking about Children, ed. Ray Shepherd, Jennifer Johns and Helen Taylor (New york: DaCapo Press, 1996), 51-53.
23. Lifton, "On Psychohistory", 36.
24. John Bowlby, Emanuel Miller and D. W. Winnicott, "Evacuation of Small Children" (1939), in Winnicott, Deprivation and Delinquency, 14.
25. Phillips, Winnicott, 62.
26. Winnicott, "Aggression" (c. 1939), in idem, Deprivation and Delinquency, 88.
27. Winnicott, "Children in the War" (1940), in idem, Deprivation and Delinquency, 29-30.
28. Winnicott, "Aggression", 89.
29. Winnicott, "Why Children Play" (1942)", in idem, The Child and the Outside World (London: Tavistock, 1957).
30. Winnicott, "Aggression", 85.
31. Winnicott, "Roots of Aggression" (1964), in idem, Deprivation and Delinquency, 94-95.
32. "Notes Made on a Train Part 2", in Winnicott, Psychoanalytic Explorations, 231-33.
33. Winnicott, "Aggression", 87.
34. Clare Winnicott, "Introduction" in Winnicott, Deprivation and Delinquency, 2.
35. Winnicott, "The Evacuated Child" (1945), in ibid., 42.
36. Winnicott, "Residential Management for Difficult Children" (1947), in ibid., 56.
37. Clare Winnicott, "Introduction", in ibid., 3.
38. See D. W. Winnicott and Clare Britton, "The Problem of Homeless Children" (1944), in Joel Kanter ed., Face to Face with Children: The Life and Work of Clare Winnicott (London: Karnac Books, 2004), 104, 107.
39. See Winnicott's essay, "Hate in the Countertransference" in idem, Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis: Collected Papers (New york: Brunner-Routledge, 1992), 199.
40. D. W. Winnicott, "Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena: A Study of the First Not-Me Possession", International Journal of Psychoanalysis 34(1953):89-97.
41. Winnicott's "A Clinical Study of the Effects of a Failure of the Average Expectable Environment on a Child's Mental Functioning", International Journal of Psychoanalysis 46(1965):81-87.
42. Jacques Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression, trans. Eric Prenowitz (Chicago: university of Chicago Press, 1996), 68.
43. John Welshman, Churchill's Children: The Evacuee Experience in Wartime Britain (Oxford: Oxford university Press, 2010), 6.
44. Winnicott, "Roots of Aggression", 95.
45. Marion Milner, The Human Problem in Schools: A Psychological Study Carried out on Behalf of the Girls' Public Day School Trust (London: Methuen, 1938), 114.
46. Janet Sayers, "Marion Milner, Mysticism and Psychoanalysis", International Journal of Psychoanalysis 83(2002):105-20.
47. Rodman, Winnicott, 140.
48. Winnicott, Therapeutic Consultations, 5.
49. See Lyndsey Stonebridge, "Bombs, Birth, and Trauma: Henry Moore's and D. W. Winnicott's Pre-History Figments", Cultural Critique 46(Fall 2000):92.
50. Winnicott, "The Evacuated Child", 41.
51. Winnicott, Therapeutic Consultations, 42.
52. Winnicott, "Letter to L. Joseph Stone", in F. Robert Rodman, ed., The Spontaneous Gesture: Selected Letters of D. W. Winnicott (London: Karnac Books, 1999), 178.
53. Winnicott, "The Squiggle Game", 301.
54. Winnicott, Therapeutic Consultations, 44.
55. Sigmund Freud, "Screen Memories" (1899), in idem, The Uncanny, ed. Adam Phillips, trans. David McClintock (London: Penguin Books, 2003), 1-22.
56. Winnicott, Therapeutic Consultations, 43, 52, 55.
57. Winnicott, "The Squiggle Game", 303.
58. Jan Abram, The Language of Winnicott: A Dictionary of Winnicott's Use of Words (London: Karnac Books, 2007), 335.
59. Winnicott, "The Squiggle Game", 302.
60. Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), trans. and ed. J. A. underwood (London: Penguin Books, 2006), 563-64.
61. Ernst Kris, Psychoanalytic Explorations in Art (Madison: International universities Press, 1952), 200.
62. Winnicott, Therapeutic Consultations, 55.
63. Sigmund Freud, "Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-year-old Boy ['Little Hans']" (1909), in idem, The "Wolfman" and Other Cases, ed. Adam Phillips, trans. Louise Adey Huish (London: Hogarth Press, 2002), 87.
64. Winnicott, Therapeutic Consultations, 56.
65. Adam Phillips, "Close-ups", History Workshop Journal 57(Spring 2004):146.
66. see his lecture, "The Intuition of the Negative", in Jan Abram, ed., André Green at the Squiggle Foundation (London: Karnac Books, 2000), 94.
67. André Green, "Experience and Thinking in Analytic Practice", in ibid., 2-3.
68. My construction here is inspired by Deborah Britzman's playful use of Green's list in her paper, "Little Hans, Fritz and Ludo: On the Curious History of Gender in the Psychoanalytic Archive", Studies in Gender and Sexuality 7, no. 2(2006):139.
69. Joan Scott, "Fantasy Echo: History and the Construction of Identity", Critical Inquiry 27, no. 2(2001):289.
70. Adam Phillips, "Bombs Away", in idem, Promises, Promises: Essays on Psychoanalysis and Literature (New york: Basic Books, 2000), 49.
71. "A Clinical Study of the Effect of a Failure of the Average Expectable Environment on a Child's Mental Functioning", International Journal of Psychoanalysis 46(1965):81-87.
72. Quotes here come from its reprinted iteration in Winnicott, Therapeutic Consultations, 82.
73. All quotes in this paragraph are from Winnicott, Therapeutic Consultations, 59.
74. Green, The Work of the Negative, 16.
75. Carolyn Steedman, Strange Dislocations: Childhood and the Idea of Human Interiority, 1780-1930 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard university Press, 1995).
76. Winnicott, Therapeutic Consultations, 60.
77. Carolyn Steedman, Dust: In the Archive (Oxford: Manchester university Press, 2001), 77.
78. Phillips, "Close-ups", 143.