Reflections on the peacekeeping doctrine

Journal of International Peacekeeping

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 181-196

  Sitkowski, Andrzej ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84885413884     PISSN: 18754104     EISSN: 18754112     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/187541101X00066     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. B. Urquhart, Hammarskjold (Harper Colophon Books, New York, 1984), p. 194.
2. T. Lie, In the Cause of Peace (The Macmillan Company, New York, 1954), p. 192-193.
3. UN Document A/50/60-S/1995. In the 'Agenda for Peace' Boutros-Ghali advanced proposals for more effective peacekeeping and also recognized the organisation's role in peace enforcement. In absence of any substantial support from the Member States Boutros-Ghali watered down his proposals in the 'Supplement to An Agenda for Peace' reproduced in the same document.
4. Urquhart, supra note 1, 230. Although the UN troops resorted to the use of force in their operation in the Congo's secessionist province of Katanga in the early 1960s, Hammarskjold did everything possible to avoid it.
5. United Nations Department of Public Information (ed), The Blue Helmets (New York, 1996), p. 156.
6. K. Waldheim, In the Eye of Storm (Weidenfels Nicholson, London, 1986), p. 86.
7. J. Perez de Cuellar, Pilgrimage for Peace (St. Martins Press,New York 1997), p. and p. 495.
8. B. Boutros-Ghali, Interview in Der Spiegel, No.29/1993.
9. B. Boutros-Ghali, Interview in Die Zeit, No.40/1995.
10. The Blue Helmets, supra note 5, 5. II UN Document A/50/60-S/1995, ibid, para.35. IZ The Blue Helmets, supra note 5, 60.
11. S.M. Hill/S.P. Malik, Peacekeeping and the United Nations (Aldershot Dartmouth, 1996), p. 175.
12. UN Document A/54/549 (1999).
13. The Blue Helmets, supra note 5, 557.
14. UN Document A/54/549, ibid, para. 480, 488 and 497. 17 'UN Intends To Open All Bosnian Roads Without A Fight', International Herald Tribune
15. September 1992.
16. UN Document S25130 (1993). The Commission was jointly headed by Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan (Special Representative of the UN Secretary-Gcneral for Western Sa hara) and by General Lars-Eric Wahlgren (Commander of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon).
17. P. Morillon, Croire et Oser (Bernard Grasset, Paris, 1993), pp. 141-149.
18. P. Morillon ibid, p. 144.
19. Assemblee Nationale, Commission des affaires 6trangeres, Rapport d'information No 1950. Sur la politique d'intervention dans les conflits, par M. Jean-Bernard Raimond, Depute (Paris, 1994), 112-118.
20. Sir M. Rose, Fighting For Peace (Wamer Books, London, 1999), p. 366. z3 Ibid, p.25.
21. Ibid, p. 52
22. and 361.
23. B. de la Presle, Operations des Nations Unies, Leçons de terrain (Foundation Pour les Etudes de Defense, Paris, 1995), p. 295-296.
24. Rose, supra note 22, 363-364.
25. P. Corwin, Dubious Mandate (Duke University Press, Durham 1999), p. 206. ze Ibid, p. 194-195.
26. Unless otherwise stated, all information and quotations reproduced in this section originate from the 'Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the United Nations During the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda' of
27. December 1999 released by the UN in digital form (http://www.un.org/news/ ossg/rwanda).
28. The Blue Helmets, supra note 5, 343.
29. Transcript of proceedings of
30. February 1998 of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Case No: ITCR-96-4-T. Arusha. Typescript, 105. Unpublished.
31. S. Buckley, 'General Accuses UN of Failure to Stem Rwanda Genocide', International Herald Tribune Feb I998, 27.
32. ITCR Transcript, ibid, I7I-173. 3a Ibid, 204. 3s UN Document A/55/305-S/2000/809 (2000).
33. Ibid, para.
34. and 53.
35. Ibid, para.55.
36. UN Document A/54/549, ibid, para. 498.
37. C. Lynch, 'In Sierra Leone UN Forces Robbed of Guns', International Herald Tribune February 2000.
38. A-B, Pour, 'Les Nations Unies tentent de sauver leur mission en Sierre Leone', Le Monde, decembre 2000.
39. W. Shawcross, 'UN Peacekeeping Lessons in Africa', International Herald Tribune, 16-17 December 2000. As Shawcross often accompanies Kofi Annan on his trips, his indiscretion on mercenaries might carry some weight. According to Broder, 'In 1995, Executive Outcomes, a private South African military firm hired by the embattled Freetown government, used no more than 300 men to restore order in the country over
40. months for a total cost of $35 million. By contrast, the UN maintains 11,500 UN peacekeepers in Sierra Leone, costing an estimated $260 every six months. Meanwhile, the rebellion ... is still raging with no sign of let-up.' J. Broder, 'Mercenaries: The Future of UN Peacekeeping, (2000) FoxNewsCom, updated
41. June. http://www.foxnews.com/world/062300/unbroder.sml).
42. Sir M. Rose, supra note 22, 354.