메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue SEP, 2013, Pages

N-acetyl-aspartate level is decreased in the prefrontal cortex in subjects at-risk for schizophrenia

Author keywords

MRS; NAA; Prefrontal cortex; Risk; Schizophrenia; Vulnerability

Indexed keywords

CREATININE; N ACETYLASPARTIC ACID;

EID: 84885368950     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16640640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00099     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (41)
  • 1
    • 60249087534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive brain structural changes mapped as psychosis develops in 'at risk' individuals
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.11.026
    • Sun D, Phillips L, Velakoulis D, Yung A, McGorry PD, Wood SJ, et al. Progressive brain structural changes mapped as psychosis develops in 'at risk' individuals. Schizophr Res (2009) 108(1-3):85-92. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.11.026.
    • (2009) Schizophr Res , vol.108 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 85-92
    • Sun, D.1    Phillips, L.2    Velakoulis, D.3    Yung, A.4    McGorry, P.D.5    Wood, S.J.6
  • 2
    • 33751068452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in antipsychotic-naïve schizophreniform psychosis
    • doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.02.006
    • Harrison BJ, Yücel M, Shaw M, Brewer WJ, Nathan PJ, Strother SC, et al. Dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in antipsychotic-naïve schizophreniform psychosis. Psychiatry Res (2006) 148(1):23-31. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.02.006.
    • (2006) Psychiatry Res , vol.148 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-31
    • Harrison, B.J.1    Yücel, M.2    Shaw, M.3    Brewer, W.J.4    Nathan, P.J.5    Strother, S.C.6
  • 3
    • 28444454906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateral and medial hypofrontality in first-episode schizophrenia: functional activity in a medication-naive state and effects of short-term atypical antipsychotic treatment
    • doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2322
    • Snitz BE, MacDonald A, Cohen JD, Cho RY, Becker T, Carter CS. Lateral and medial hypofrontality in first-episode schizophrenia: functional activity in a medication-naive state and effects of short-term atypical antipsychotic treatment. Am J Psychiatry (2005) 162(12):2322-9. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2322.
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , Issue.12 , pp. 2322-2329
    • Snitz, B.E.1    MacDonald, A.2    Cohen, J.D.3    Cho, R.Y.4    Becker, T.5    Carter, C.S.6
  • 4
    • 0027450301 scopus 로고
    • Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy unambiguously identifies different neural cell types
    • Urenjak J, Williams SR, Gadian DG, Noble M. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy unambiguously identifies different neural cell types. J Neurosci (1993) 13(3):981-9.
    • (1993) J Neurosci , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 981-989
    • Urenjak, J.1    Williams, S.R.2    Gadian, D.G.3    Noble, M.4
  • 5
    • 30744443492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of brain metabolites by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300850
    • Steen RG, Hamer RM, Lieberman JA. Measurement of brain metabolites by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology (2005) 30:1949-62. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300850.
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 1949-1962
    • Steen, R.G.1    Hamer, R.M.2    Lieberman, J.A.3
  • 6
    • 0034054805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain in schizophrenia
    • Deicken RF, Johnson C, Pegues M. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain in schizophrenia. Rev Neurosci (2000) 11(2-3):147-58.
    • (2000) Rev Neurosci , vol.11 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 147-158
    • Deicken, R.F.1    Johnson, C.2    Pegues, M.3
  • 7
    • 7244220611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and glutamine in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects measured with 4.0-T proton MRS
    • doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.12.2231
    • Théberge J, Al-Semaan Y, Williamson PC, Menon RS, Neufeld RW, Rajakumar N, et al. Glutamate and glutamine in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects measured with 4.0-T proton MRS. Am J Psychiatry (2003) 160(12):2231-3. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.12.2231.
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , Issue.12 , pp. 2231-2233
    • Théberge, J.1    Al-Semaan, Y.2    Williamson, P.C.3    Menon, R.S.4    Neufeld, R.W.5    Rajakumar, N.6
  • 8
    • 11844304922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for glutamatergic neuronal dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex in chronic but not in first-episode patients with schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.08.021
    • Ohrmann P, Siegmund A, Suslow T, Spitzberg K, Kersting A, Arolt V, et al. Evidence for glutamatergic neuronal dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex in chronic but not in first-episode patients with schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Schizophr Res (2005) 73(2-3):153-7. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.08.021.
    • (2005) Schizophr Res , vol.73 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 153-157
    • Ohrmann, P.1    Siegmund, A.2    Suslow, T.3    Spitzberg, K.4    Kersting, A.5    Arolt, V.6
  • 9
    • 33748314539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of functional outcome 18 months after a first psychotic episode: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.9.969
    • Wood SJ, Berger GE, Lambert M, Conus P, Velakoulis D, Stuart GW, et al. Prediction of functional outcome 18 months after a first psychotic episode: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Arch Gen Psychiatry (2006) 63(9):969-76. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.9.969.
    • (2006) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.63 , Issue.9 , pp. 969-976
    • Wood, S.J.1    Berger, G.E.2    Lambert, M.3    Conus, P.4    Velakoulis, D.5    Stuart, G.W.6
  • 10
    • 0035062495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of treatment with antipsychotic drugs on brain N-acetylaspartate measures in patients with schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00997-5
    • Bertolino A, Callicott JH, Mattay VS, Weidenhammer KM, Rakow R, Egan MF, et al. The effect of treatment with antipsychotic drugs on brain N-acetylaspartate measures in patients with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry (2001) 49:39-46. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00997-5.
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 39-46
    • Bertolino, A.1    Callicott, J.H.2    Mattay, V.S.3    Weidenhammer, K.M.4    Rakow, R.5    Egan, M.F.6
  • 11
    • 0023215296 scopus 로고
    • Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800190080012
    • Weinberger DR. Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry (1987) 44(7):660-9. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800190080012.
    • (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.44 , Issue.7 , pp. 660-669
    • Weinberger, D.R.1
  • 12
    • 0027942724 scopus 로고
    • Information-processing abnormalities as neuropsychological vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05894.x
    • Nuechterlein KH, Dawson ME, Green MF. Information-processing abnormalities as neuropsychological vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand (1994) 90(384):71-9. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05894.x.
    • (1994) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.90 , Issue.384 , pp. 71-79
    • Nuechterlein, K.H.1    Dawson, M.E.2    Green, M.F.3
  • 13
    • 0033763181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological deficit in siblings discordant for schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033503
    • Saoud M, d'Amato T, Gutknecht C, Triboulet P, Bertaud JP, Marie-Cardine M, et al. Neuropsychological deficit in siblings discordant for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull (2000) 26(4):893-902. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033503.
    • (2000) Schizophr Bull , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 893-902
    • Saoud, M.1    d'Amato, T.2    Gutknecht, C.3    Triboulet, P.4    Bertaud, J.P.5    Marie-Cardine, M.6
  • 14
    • 0028047740 scopus 로고
    • A typological model of schizophrenia based on age at onset, sex and familial morbidity
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01501.x
    • Sham PC, MacLean CJ, Kendler KS. A typological model of schizophrenia based on age at onset, sex and familial morbidity. Acta Psychiatr Scand (1994) 89(2):135-41. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01501.x.
    • (1994) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.89 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-141
    • Sham, P.C.1    MacLean, C.J.2    Kendler, K.S.3
  • 16
    • 33845451221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired verbal source monitoring in schizophrenia: an intermediate trait vulnerability marker?
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.08.028
    • Brunelin J, d'Amato T, Brun P, Bediou B, Kallel L, Senn M, et al. Impaired verbal source monitoring in schizophrenia: an intermediate trait vulnerability marker? Schizophr Res (2007) 89:287-92. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.08.028.
    • (2007) Schizophr Res , vol.89 , pp. 287-292
    • Brunelin, J.1    d'Amato, T.2    Brun, P.3    Bediou, B.4    Kallel, L.5    Senn, M.6
  • 17
    • 70349568588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiological markers of illness onset in psychosis and schizophrenia: the search for a moving target
    • doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9114-1
    • Pantelis C, Yücel M, Bora E, Fornito A, Testa R, Brewer WJ, et al. Neurobiological markers of illness onset in psychosis and schizophrenia: the search for a moving target. Neuropsychol Rev (2009) 19:385-98. doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9114-1.
    • (2009) Neuropsychol Rev , vol.19 , pp. 385-398
    • Pantelis, C.1    Yücel, M.2    Bora, E.3    Fornito, A.4    Testa, R.5    Brewer, W.J.6
  • 18
    • 84869010512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transition to psychosis associated with prefrontal and subcortical dysfunction in ultra high-risk individuals
    • doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr194
    • Allen P, Luigjes J, Howes OD, Egerton A, Hirao K, Valli I, et al. Transition to psychosis associated with prefrontal and subcortical dysfunction in ultra high-risk individuals. Schizophr Bull (2012) 38(6):1268-76. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr194.
    • (2012) Schizophr Bull , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 1268-1276
    • Allen, P.1    Luigjes, J.2    Howes, O.D.3    Egerton, A.4    Hirao, K.5    Valli, I.6
  • 19
    • 33748888035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects at risk for schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.06.011
    • Jessen F, Scherk H, Träber F, Theyson S, Berning J, Tepest R, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects at risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res (2006) 87:81-8. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.06.011.
    • (2006) Schizophr Res , vol.87 , pp. 81-88
    • Jessen, F.1    Scherk, H.2    Träber, F.3    Theyson, S.4    Berning, J.5    Tepest, R.6
  • 21
    • 0031455534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in offspring at risk for schizophrenia: preliminary studies
    • doi:10.1016/S0278-5846(97)00164-4
    • Keshavan M, Montrose DM, Pierri JN, Dick EL, Rosenberg D, Talagala L, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in offspring at risk for schizophrenia: preliminary studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (1997) 21:1285-95. doi:10.1016/S0278-5846(97)00164-4.
    • (1997) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 1285-1295
    • Keshavan, M.1    Montrose, D.M.2    Pierri, J.N.3    Dick, E.L.4    Rosenberg, D.5    Talagala, L.6
  • 22
    • 0032533636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal N-acetyl aspartate in unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia: a possible intermediate neurobiological phenotype
    • doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00264-9
    • Callicott JH, Egan MF, Bertolino A, Mattay VS, Langheim FJ, Frank JA, et al. Hippocampal N-acetyl aspartate in unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia: a possible intermediate neurobiological phenotype. Biol Psychiatry (1998) 44:941-50. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00264-9.
    • (1998) Biol Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 941-950
    • Callicott, J.H.1    Egan, M.F.2    Bertolino, A.3    Mattay, V.S.4    Langheim, F.J.5    Frank, J.A.6
  • 23
    • 0032519999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobe of children with schizophrenia disorders: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study spectrum
    • doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00462-9
    • Brooks WM, Hodde-Vargas J, Vargas LA, Yeo RA, Ford CC, Hendren RL. Frontal lobe of children with schizophrenia disorders: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study spectrum. Biol Psychiatry (1998) 43:263-9. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00462-9.
    • (1998) Biol Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 263-269
    • Brooks, W.M.1    Hodde-Vargas, J.2    Vargas, L.A.3    Yeo, R.A.4    Ford, C.C.5    Hendren, R.L.6
  • 24
    • 0033921114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased frontal lobe ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to choline in familial schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01264-7
    • Block W, Bayer TA, Tepest R, Traber F, Rietschel M, Muller DJ, et al. Decreased frontal lobe ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to choline in familial schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neurosci Lett (2000) 289:147-51. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01264-7.
    • (2000) Neurosci Lett , vol.289 , pp. 147-151
    • Block, W.1    Bayer, T.A.2    Tepest, R.3    Traber, F.4    Rietschel, M.5    Muller, D.J.6
  • 25
    • 2942558677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-T Proton MRS investigation of glutamate and glutamine in adolescents at high genetic risk for schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.6.1116
    • Tibbo P, Hanstock C, Valiakalayil A, Allen P. 3-T Proton MRS investigation of glutamate and glutamine in adolescents at high genetic risk for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry (2004) 161:1116-8. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.6.1116.
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 1116-1118
    • Tibbo, P.1    Hanstock, C.2    Valiakalayil, A.3    Allen, P.4
  • 26
    • 39149114402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated 3T proton MRS glutamate levels associated with poor continuous performance test (CPT-0X) scores and genetic risk for schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.11.028
    • Purdon SE, Valiakalayil A, Hanstock CC, Seres P, Tibbo P. Elevated 3T proton MRS glutamate levels associated with poor continuous performance test (CPT-0X) scores and genetic risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res (2008) 99:218-24. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.11.028.
    • (2008) Schizophr Res , vol.99 , pp. 218-224
    • Purdon, S.E.1    Valiakalayil, A.2    Hanstock, C.C.3    Seres, P.4    Tibbo, P.5
  • 27
    • 67349088001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects with high genetic risk of schizophrenia: investigation of anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.036
    • Yoo SY, Yeon S, Choi CH, Kang DH, Lee JM, Shin NY, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects with high genetic risk of schizophrenia: investigation of anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus. Schizophr Res (2009) 111:86-93. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.036.
    • (2009) Schizophr Res , vol.111 , pp. 86-93
    • Yoo, S.Y.1    Yeon, S.2    Choi, C.H.3    Kang, D.H.4    Lee, J.M.5    Shin, N.Y.6
  • 31
  • 32
    • 79951682529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and illness stage in schizophrenia-a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.004
    • Brugger S, Davis JM, Leucht S, Stone JM. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and illness stage in schizophrenia-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry (2011) 69(5):495-503. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.004.
    • (2011) Biol Psychiatry , vol.69 , Issue.5 , pp. 495-503
    • Brugger, S.1    Davis, J.M.2    Leucht, S.3    Stone, J.M.4
  • 33
    • 0842300435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in first episode psychosis and ultra high-risk individuals
    • doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007049
    • Wood SJ, Berger G, Velakoulis D, Phillips LJ, McGorry PD, Yung AR, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in first episode psychosis and ultra high-risk individuals. Schizophr Bull (2003) 29:831-43. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007049.
    • (2003) Schizophr Bull , vol.29 , pp. 831-843
    • Wood, S.J.1    Berger, G.2    Velakoulis, D.3    Phillips, L.J.4    McGorry, P.D.5    Yung, A.R.6
  • 34
    • 36849067063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of the internal capsule in families affected with schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.02.026
    • Wobrock T, Kamer T, Roy A, Vogeley K, Schneider-Axmann T, Wagner M, et al. Reduction of the internal capsule in families affected with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry (2008) 63:65-71. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.02.026.
    • (2008) Biol Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 65-71
    • Wobrock, T.1    Kamer, T.2    Roy, A.3    Vogeley, K.4    Schneider-Axmann, T.5    Wagner, M.6
  • 35
    • 33748558782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 1.5T and 3T 1H MR spectroscopy for human brain tumors
    • doi:10.3348/kjr.2006.7.3.156
    • Kim JH, Chang KH, Na DG, Song IC, Kim SJ, Kwon BJ, et al. Comparison of 1.5T and 3T 1H MR spectroscopy for human brain tumors. Korean J Radiol (2006) 7(3):156-61. doi:10.3348/kjr.2006.7.3.156.
    • (2006) Korean J Radiol , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 156-161
    • Kim, J.H.1    Chang, K.H.2    Na, D.G.3    Song, I.C.4    Kim, S.J.5    Kwon, B.J.6
  • 36
    • 61849113737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain (1)H-MR spectroscopy in clinical neuroimaging at 3T
    • doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2008.04.001
    • Jissendi Tchofo P, Balériaux D. Brain (1)H-MR spectroscopy in clinical neuroimaging at 3T. J Neuroradiol (2009) 36(1):24-40. doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2008.04.001.
    • (2009) J Neuroradiol , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-40
    • Jissendi Tchofo, P.1    Balériaux, D.2
  • 37
    • 84877996044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy changes after antipsychotic treatment
    • doi:10.2174/092986713804870783
    • Szulc A, Galinska-Skok B, Waszkiewicz N, Bibulowicz D, Konarzewska B, Tarasow E. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy changes after antipsychotic treatment. Curr Med Chem (2013) 20(3):414-27. doi:10.2174/092986713804870783.
    • (2013) Curr Med Chem , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 414-427
    • Szulc, A.1    Galinska-Skok, B.2    Waszkiewicz, N.3    Bibulowicz, D.4    Konarzewska, B.5    Tarasow, E.6
  • 38
    • 34548473122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Findings of proton magnetic resonance spectrometry in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in adolescents with first episodes of psychosis
    • doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.12.016
    • Zabala A, Sánchez-González J, Parellada M, Moreno DM, Reig S, Burdalo MT, et al. Findings of proton magnetic resonance spectrometry in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in adolescents with first episodes of psychosis. Psychiatry Res (2007) 156(1):33-42. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.12.016.
    • (2007) Psychiatry Res , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-42
    • Zabala, A.1    Sánchez-González, J.2    Parellada, M.3    Moreno, D.M.4    Reig, S.5    Burdalo, M.T.6
  • 39
    • 19944428011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetyl-aspartate levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the early years of schizophrenia are inversely related to disease duration
    • doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.02.001
    • Molina V, Sánchez J, Reig S, Sanz J, Benito C, Santamarta C, et al. N-acetyl-aspartate levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the early years of schizophrenia are inversely related to disease duration. Schizophr Res (2005) 73(2-3):209-19. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.02.001.
    • (2005) Schizophr Res , vol.73 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 209-219
    • Molina, V.1    Sánchez, J.2    Reig, S.3    Sanz, J.4    Benito, C.5    Santamarta, C.6
  • 40
    • 0036456277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in schizophrenia: investigation of the right and left hippocampus, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex
    • doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006942
    • Delamillieure P, Constans JM, Fernandez J, Brazo P, Benali K, Courthéoux P, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in schizophrenia: investigation of the right and left hippocampus, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex. Schizophr Bull (2002) 28(2):329-39. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006942.
    • (2002) Schizophr Bull , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 329-339
    • Delamillieure, P.1    Constans, J.M.2    Fernandez, J.3    Brazo, P.4    Benali, K.5    Courthéoux, P.6
  • 41
    • 34547646311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging and emerging psychotic disorders: the Melbourne ultra-high risk studies
    • doi:10.1080/09540260701512079
    • Pantelis C, Velakoulis D, Wood SJ, Yücel M, Yung AR, Phillips LJ, et al. Neuroimaging and emerging psychotic disorders: the Melbourne ultra-high risk studies. Int Rev Psychiatry (2007) 19(4):371-81. doi:10.1080/09540260701512079.
    • (2007) Int Rev Psychiatry , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 371-381
    • Pantelis, C.1    Velakoulis, D.2    Wood, S.J.3    Yücel, M.4    Yung, A.R.5    Phillips, L.J.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.