메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 280, Issue 1772, 2013, Pages

Global warming triggers the loss of a key Arctic refugium

Author keywords

Climate change; Diatoms; Palaeolimnology; Subarctic; Threshold response

Indexed keywords

ALGA; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; GLOBAL WARMING; NATIVE SPECIES; PERMAFROST; REFUGIUM; SEA ICE; SEDIMENT CORE; SURVIVAL;

EID: 84885196290     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712954     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1887     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (76)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 0026292864 scopus 로고
    • Impacts of Hudson Bay on terrestrial climate of the Hudson Bay Lowlands
    • doi:10.2307/1551433)
    • Rouse WR. 1991 Impacts of Hudson Bay on terrestrial climate of the Hudson Bay Lowlands. Arct. Alp. Res. 23, 24-30. (doi:10.2307/1551433)
    • (1991) Arct. Alp. Res , vol.23 , pp. 24-30
    • Rouse, W.R.1
  • 2
    • 0027829853 scopus 로고
    • Recent variations of sea ice and air temperature in high latitudes
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074,0033:RVOSIA.2.0.CO;2)
    • Chapman WL, Walsh JE. 1993 Recent variations of sea ice and air temperature in high latitudes. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 74, 33-47. (doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074,0033:RVOSIA.2.0.CO;2)
    • (1993) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc , vol.74 , pp. 33-47
    • Chapman, W.L.1    Walsh, J.E.2
  • 3
    • 77953602824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric forcing of sea ice in Hudson Bay during the fall period, 1980-2005
    • doi:10.1029/2009JC005334)
    • Hochheim KP, Barber DG. 2010 Atmospheric forcing of sea ice in Hudson Bay during the fall period, 1980-2005. J. Geophys. Res. 115, C05009. (doi:10.1029/2009JC005334)
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res , vol.115
    • Hochheim, K.P.1    Barber, D.G.2
  • 4
    • 20144373283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-driven regime shifts in the biological communities of Arctic lakes
    • doi:10.1073/pnas. 0500245102)
    • Smol JP et al. 2005 Climate-driven regime shifts in the biological communities of Arctic lakes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 4397-4402. (doi:10.1073/pnas. 0500245102)
    • (2005) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 4397-4402
    • Smol, J.P.1
  • 5
    • 0036869383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of limnological responses to recent environmental change and caribou activity in the Rivière George Region, northern Québec
    • doi:10.2307/1552204)
    • Laing TE, Pienitz R, Payette S. 2002 Evaluation of limnological responses to recent environmental change and caribou activity in the Rivière George Region, northern Québec, Canada. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. 34, 454-464. (doi:10.2307/1552204)
    • (2002) Canada. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res , vol.34 , pp. 454-464
    • Laing, T.E.1    Pienitz, R.2    Payette, S.3
  • 6
    • 0038137176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diatom and chrysophyte algal response to longterm PCB contamination from a point-source in northern Labrador
    • doi:10.1023/A:1023654105342)
    • Paterson AM, Betts AA, Smol JP, Zeeb BA. 2003 Diatom and chrysophyte algal response to longterm PCB contamination from a point-source in northern Labrador, Canada. Water Air Soil Poll. 145, 377-393. (doi:10.1023/A:1023654105342)
    • (2003) Canada. Water Air Soil Poll , vol.145 , pp. 377-393
    • Paterson, A.M.1    Betts, A.A.2    Smol, J.P.3    Zeeb, B.A.4
  • 7
    • 0036086546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limnological conditions in a subarctic lake (northern Québec, Canada) during the late Holocene: Analyses based on fossil diatoms
    • doi:10.1023/A:1016033028144)
    • Ponader K, Pienitz R, Vincent W, Gajewski K. 2002 Limnological conditions in a subarctic lake (northern Québec, Canada) during the late Holocene: analyses based on fossil diatoms. J. Paleolimnol. 27, 353-366. (doi:10.1023/A:1016033028144)
    • (2002) J. Paleolimnol , vol.27 , pp. 353-366
    • Ponader, K.1    Pienitz, R.2    Vincent, W.3    Gajewski, K.4
  • 8
    • 10344262100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleolimnology of a shrub-tundra lake and response of aquatic and terrestrial indicators to climatic change in arctic Québec, Canada
    • doi:10. 1016/j.palaeo.2004.07.006)
    • Fallu MA, Pienitz R, Walker IR, Lavoie M. 2005 Paleolimnology of a shrub-tundra lake and response of aquatic and terrestrial indicators to climatic change in arctic Québec, Canada. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 215, 183-203. (doi:10. 1016/j.palaeo.2004.07.006)
    • (2005) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol , vol.215 , pp. 183-203
    • Fallu, M.A.1    Pienitz, R.2    Walker, I.R.3    Lavoie, M.4
  • 9
    • 0028995495 scopus 로고
    • Recent advance of the arctic treeline along the eastern coast of Hudson Bay
    • doi:10.2307/ 2261175)
    • Lescop-Sinclair K, Payette S. 1995 Recent advance of the arctic treeline along the eastern coast of Hudson Bay. J. Ecol. 83, 929-936. (doi:10.2307/ 2261175)
    • (1995) J. Ecol , vol.83 , pp. 929-936
    • Lescop-Sinclair, K.1    Payette, S.2
  • 10
    • 69949124821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent warming reverses long-term Arctic cooling
    • doi:10.1126/science.1173983)
    • Kaufman DS et al. 2009 Recent warming reverses long-term Arctic cooling. Science 325, 1236-1239. (doi:10.1126/science.1173983)
    • (2009) Science , vol.325 , pp. 1236-1239
    • Kaufman, D.S.1
  • 11
    • 18744389539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change scenarios for the Hudson Bay region: An intermodal comparison
    • doi:10. 1007/s10584-005-1815-8)
    • Gagnon AS, Gough WA. 2005 Climate change scenarios for the Hudson Bay region: an intermodal comparison. Clim. Change 69, 269-297. (doi:10. 1007/s10584-005-1815-8)
    • (2005) Clim. Change , vol.69 , pp. 269-297
    • Gagnon, A.S.1    Gough, W.A.2
  • 14
    • 33845951268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change effects on hydroecology of Arctic freshwater ecosystems
    • doi:10.1579/0044-7447(2006)35 [347:CCEOHO]2.0.CO;2)
    • Prowse TD et al. 2006 Climate change effects on hydroecology of Arctic freshwater ecosystems. Ambio 35, 347-358. (doi:10.1579/0044-7447(2006)35 [347:CCEOHO]2.0.CO;2)
    • (2006) Ambio , vol.35 , pp. 347-358
    • Prowse, T.D.1
  • 15
    • 77953963095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brook charr mortalities during extreme temperature events in Sutton River, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada
    • doi:10.1007/s10750-010-0201-3)
    • Gunn J, Snucins E. 2010 Brook charr mortalities during extreme temperature events in Sutton River, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada. Hydrobiologia 650, 79-84. (doi:10.1007/s10750-010-0201-3)
    • (2010) Hydrobiologia , vol.650 , pp. 79-84
    • Gunn, J.1    Snucins, E.2
  • 16
    • 33748782574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are current rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition influencing lakes in the eastern Canadian Arctic?
    • doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[465:ACROAN]2.0.CO;2)
    • Wolfe AP, Cooke CA, Hobbs WA. 2006 Are current rates of atmospheric nitrogen deposition influencing lakes in the eastern Canadian Arctic? Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. 38, 465-476. (doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[465:ACROAN]2.0.CO;2)
    • (2006) Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res , vol.38 , pp. 465-476
    • Wolfe, A.P.1    Cooke, C.A.2    Hobbs, W.A.3
  • 20
    • 0028519357 scopus 로고
    • Marked post-18th century environmental change in high Arctic ecosystems
    • doi:10. 1126/science.266.5184.416)
    • Douglas MSV, Smol JP, Blake Jr W. 1994 Marked post-18th century environmental change in high Arctic ecosystems. Science 266, 416-419. (doi:10. 1126/science.266.5184.416)
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 416-419
    • Douglas, M.S.V.1    Smol, J.P.2    Blake, W.3
  • 21
    • 53249101041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemispheric-scale patterns of climate-related shifts in planktonic diatoms from North American and European lakes
    • Rühland KM, Paterson AM, Smol JP. 2008 Hemispheric-scale patterns of climate-related shifts in planktonic diatoms from North American and European lakes. Glob. Change Biol. 14, 2740-2754.
    • (2008) Glob. Change Biol , vol.14 , pp. 2740-2754
    • Rühland, K.M.1    Paterson, A.M.2    Smol, J.P.3
  • 22
    • 58149136571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lake warming favours small-sized planktonic diatom species
    • doi:10. 1098/rspb.2008.1200)
    • Winder M, Reuter JE, Schladow SG. 2009 Lake warming favours small-sized planktonic diatom species. Proc. R. Soc. B 276, 427-435. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2008.1200)
    • (2009) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.276 , pp. 427-435
    • Winder, M.1    Reuter, J.E.2    Schladow, S.G.3
  • 23
    • 66349084492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental control of diatom community size structure varies across aquatic ecosystems
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1610)
    • Finkel ZV, Vaillancourt CJ, Irwin AJ, Reavie ED, Smol JP. 2009 Environmental control of diatom community size structure varies across aquatic ecosystems. Proc. R. Soc. B 276, 1627-1634. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1610)
    • (2009) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.276 , pp. 1627-1634
    • Finkel, Z.V.1    Vaillancourt, C.J.2    Irwin, A.J.3    Reavie, E.D.4    Smol, J.P.5
  • 24
    • 35948932939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From controversy to consensus: Making the case for recent climatic change in the Arctic using lake sediments
    • doi:10.1890/060162)
    • Smol JP, Douglas MSV. 2007 From controversy to consensus: making the case for recent climatic change in the Arctic using lake sediments. Front. Ecol. Environ. 5, 466-474. (doi:10.1890/060162)
    • (2007) Front. Ecol. Environ , vol.5 , pp. 466-474
    • Smol, J.P.1    Douglas, M.S.V.2
  • 25
    • 84994392319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive nitrogen and the world: 200 years of change
    • Galloway JN, Cowling EB. 2008 Reactive nitrogen and the world: 200 years of change. AMBIO 31, 4-71.
    • (2008) AMBIO , vol.31 , pp. 4-71
    • Galloway, J.N.1    Cowling, E.B.2
  • 26
    • 34249972102 scopus 로고
    • A new trigger mechanism for sediment samplers
    • doi:10.1007/BF00195474)
    • Glew JR. 1989 A new trigger mechanism for sediment samplers. J. Paleolimnol. 2, 241-243. (doi:10.1007/BF00195474)
    • (1989) J. Paleolimnol , vol.2 , pp. 241-243
    • Glew, J.R.1
  • 28
    • 0348157335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronostratigraphic techniques in recent sediments
    • (eds WM Last, JP Smol, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer
    • Appleby PG. 2001 Chronostratigraphic techniques in recent sediments. In Tracking environmental change using lake sediments, vol. 1 (eds WM Last, JP Smol), pp. 171-203. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
    • (2001) Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments , vol.1 , pp. 171-203
    • Appleby, P.G.1
  • 29
    • 77952429994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do spectrally-inferred determinations of chlorophyll a reflect trends in lake trophic status
    • doi:10.1007/s10933-009-9325-8)
    • Michelutti N, Blais JM, Cumming BF, Paterson AM, Ruhland K, Wolfe AP, Smol JP. 2010 Do spectrally-inferred determinations of chlorophyll a reflect trends in lake trophic status? J. Paleolimnol. 43, 205-217. (doi:10.1007/s10933-009-9325-8)
    • (2010) J. Paleolimnol , vol.43 , pp. 205-217
    • Michelutti, N.1    Blais, J.M.2    Cumming, B.F.3    Paterson, A.M.4    Ruhland, K.5    Wolfe, A.P.6    Smol, J.P.7
  • 30
    • 0038267769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diatoms
    • (eds JP Smol, HJB Birks, WM Last, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer
    • Battarbee RW et al. 2001 Diatoms. In Tracking environmental change using lake sediments, vol. 3 (eds JP Smol, HJB Birks, WM Last), pp. 155-202. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
    • (2001) Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments , vol.3 , pp. 155-202
    • Battarbee, R.W.1
  • 31
    • 0000006498 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and evenness: A unifying notation and its consequences
    • doi:10.2307/1934352)
    • Hill MO. 1973 Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 54, 427-432. (doi:10.2307/1934352)
    • (1973) Ecology , vol.54 , pp. 427-432
    • Hill, M.O.1
  • 33
    • 57649200696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological thresholds and regime shifts: Approaches to identification
    • doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.014)
    • Andersen T, Carstensen J, Hernández-García E, Duarte CM. 2008 Ecological thresholds and regime shifts: approaches to identification. Trends Ecol. Evol. 24, 49-57. (doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.014)
    • (2008) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.24 , pp. 49-57
    • Andersen, T.1    Carstensen, J.2    Hernández-García, E.3    Duarte, C.M.4
  • 34
    • 0344585295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piecewise regression: A tool for identifying ecological thresholds
    • doi:10.1890/02-0472)
    • Toms JD, Lesperance ML. 2003 Piecewise regression: a tool for identifying ecological thresholds. Ecology 84, 2034-2041. (doi:10.1890/02-0472)
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 2034-2041
    • Toms, J.D.1    Lesperance, M.L.2
  • 35
    • 0031788154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent diatom assemblage change in subarctic Lake Saanajärvi, NW Finnish Lapland
    • doi:10.1023/A:1007953515620)
    • Sorvari S, Korhola A. 1998 Recent diatom assemblage change in subarctic Lake Saanajärvi, NW Finnish Lapland. J. Paleolimnol. 20, 205-215. (doi:10.1023/A:1007953515620)
    • (1998) J. Paleolimnol , vol.20 , pp. 205-215
    • Sorvari, S.1    Korhola, A.2
  • 36
    • 0033861908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do diatoms in the Swiss Alps reflect the length of ice-cover?
    • doi:10.1007/s000270050002)
    • Lotter AF, Bigler C. 2000 Do diatoms in the Swiss Alps reflect the length of ice-cover? Aquat. Sci. 62, 125-141. (doi:10.1007/s000270050002)
    • (2000) Aquat. Sci , vol.62 , pp. 125-141
    • Lotter, A.F.1    Bigler, C.2
  • 37
    • 0036592256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lake Redó ecosystem response to an increasing warming in the Pyrenees during the twentieth century
    • doi:10.1023/A:1020380104031)
    • Catalan J et al. 2002 Lake Redó ecosystem response to an increasing warming in the Pyrenees during the twentieth century. J. Paleolimnol. 28, 129-145. (doi:10.1023/A:1020380104031)
    • (2002) J. Paleolimnol , vol.28 , pp. 129-145
    • Catalan, J.1
  • 38
    • 0034458606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diatom and crustacean zooplankton communities, their seasonal variability and representation in the sediments of subarctic Lake Saanajärvi
    • doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2000.s1.81)
    • Rautio M, Sorvari S, Korhola A. 2000 Diatom and crustacean zooplankton communities, their seasonal variability and representation in the sediments of subarctic Lake Saanajärvi. J. Limnol. 59, 81-96. (doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2000.s1.81)
    • (2000) J. Limnol , vol.59 , pp. 81-96
    • Rautio, M.1    Sorvari, S.2    Korhola, A.3
  • 39
    • 70349281944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice cover on lakes and rivers: Climate trends inferred from historical records
    • Livingstone DM. 2005 Ice cover on lakes and rivers: climate trends inferred from historical records. Eawag News Swiss Fed. Inst. Aquat. Sci. Technol. 58e, 19-22.
    • (2005) Eawag News Swiss Fed Inst. Aquat. Sci. Technol , vol.58 e , pp. 19-22
    • Livingstone, D.M.1
  • 40
    • 84866943487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytoplankton response to a changing climate
    • (doi:10.1007/s10750-012-1149-2)
    • Winder M, Sommer U. 2012 Phytoplankton response to a changing climate. Hydrobiol. 698, 5-16. (doi:10.1007/s10750-012-1149-2)
    • (2012) Hydrobiol , vol.698 , pp. 5-16
    • Winder, M.1    Sommer, U.2
  • 41
    • 33645470854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-history traits of lake plankton species may govern their phonological response to climate warming
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01125.x)
    • Adrian R, Wilhelm S, Gerten D. 2006 Life-history traits of lake plankton species may govern their phonological response to climate warming. Glob. Change Biol. 12, 652-661. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01125.x)
    • (2006) Glob. Change Biol , vol.12 , pp. 652-661
    • Adrian, R.1    Wilhelm, S.2    Gerten, D.3
  • 42
    • 0001748325 scopus 로고
    • Paleoclimate proxy data from freshwater Arctic diatoms
    • Smol JP. 1988 Paleoclimate proxy data from freshwater Arctic diatoms. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 23, 837-844.
    • (1988) Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol , vol.23 , pp. 837-844
    • Smol, J.P.1
  • 43
    • 24344448569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diatom shifts as evidence for recent subarctic warming in a remote tundra lake, NWT, Canada
    • doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005. 05.001)
    • Rühland K, Smol JP. 2005 Diatom shifts as evidence for recent subarctic warming in a remote tundra lake, NWT, Canada. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. 7 Palaeoecol. 226, 1-16. (doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005. 05.001)
    • (2005) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. 7 Palaeoecol , vol.226 , pp. 1-16
    • Rühland, K.1    Smol, J.P.2
  • 44
    • 84875590771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global change revealed by palaeolimnological records from remote lakes: A review
    • doi:10.1007/ s10933-013-9681-2)
    • Catalan J et al. 2013 Global change revealed by palaeolimnological records from remote lakes: a review. J. Paleolimnol. 49, 513-535. (doi:10.1007/ s10933-013-9681-2)
    • (2013) J. Paleolimnol , vol.49 , pp. 513-535
    • Catalan, J.1
  • 45
    • 13644267074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fragilaria and Staurosira (Bacillariophyceae) from sediment surfaces of 40 lakes in the Austrian Alps in relation to environmental variables, and their potential for palaeoclimatology
    • doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2004.171)
    • Schmidt R, Kamenik C, Lange-Bertalot H, Klee R. 2004 Fragilaria and Staurosira (Bacillariophyceae) from sediment surfaces of 40 lakes in the Austrian Alps in relation to environmental variables, and their potential for palaeoclimatology. J. Limnol. 63, 171-189. (doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2004.171)
    • (2004) J. Limnol , vol.63 , pp. 171-189
    • Schmidt, R.1    Kamenik, C.2    Lange-Bertalot, H.3    Klee, R.4
  • 46
    • 52549111862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of Fragilarioid-dominated diatom assemblages in a small Arctic lake to Holocene climatic changes, Russell Island, Nunavut, Canada
    • Finkelstein SA, Gajewski K. 2008 Responses of Fragilarioid-dominated diatom assemblages in a small Arctic lake to Holocene climatic changes, Russell Island, Nunavut, Canada. J. Paleolimnol. 40, 1079-1095.
    • (2008) J. Paleolimnol , vol.40 , pp. 1079-1095
    • Finkelstein, S.A.1    Gajewski, K.2
  • 47
    • 77954675793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between freshwater sedimentary diatoms and environmental variables in Subarctic Icelandic lakes
    • doi:10.1127/1863-9135/ 2009/0175-0001)
    • Karst-Riddoch TL, Malmquist HJ, Smol JP. 2009 Relationships between freshwater sedimentary diatoms and environmental variables in Subarctic Icelandic lakes. Fundam. Appl. Limnol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 175, 1-28. (doi:10.1127/1863-9135/ 2009/0175-0001)
    • (2009) Fundam. Appl. Limnol. Arch. Hydrobiol , vol.175 , pp. 1-28
    • Karst-Riddoch, T.L.1    Malmquist, H.J.2    Smol, J.P.3
  • 49
    • 80052050700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeochemical responses of two alpine lakes to climate change and atmospheric deposition, Jasper and Banff National parks, Canadian Rocky Mountains
    • doi:10.1139/f2011-058)
    • Hobbs WO, Vinebrooke RD, Wolfe AP. 2011 Biogeochemical responses of two alpine lakes to climate change and atmospheric deposition, Jasper and Banff National parks, Canadian Rocky Mountains. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 68, 1480-1494. (doi:10.1139/f2011-058)
    • (2011) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci , vol.68 , pp. 1480-1494
    • Hobbs, W.O.1    Vinebrooke, R.D.2    Wolfe, A.P.3
  • 50
    • 33745910229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of anthropogenic sources of nitrogen and their effects on Canadian aquatic ecosystems
    • doi:10.1007/s10533-006-9001-2)
    • Schindler DW, Dillon PJ, Schreier H. 2006 A review of anthropogenic sources of nitrogen and their effects on Canadian aquatic ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 79, 25-44. (doi:10.1007/s10533-006-9001-2)
    • (2006) Biogeochemistry , vol.79 , pp. 25-44
    • Schindler, D.W.1    Dillon, P.J.2    Schreier, H.3
  • 52
    • 0030301985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N & P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human influences
    • doi:10. 1007/BF02179825)
    • Howarth RW et al. 2006 Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N & P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: natural and human influences. Biogeochemistry 35, 75-139. (doi:10. 1007/BF02179825)
    • (2006) Biogeochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 75-139
    • Howarth, R.W.1
  • 53
    • 0037424941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Base cation and nitrogen budgets for seven forested catchments in central Ontario 1983-1999
    • doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(02) 00320-1)
    • Watmough SA, Dillon PJ. 2003 Base cation and nitrogen budgets for seven forested catchments in central Ontario 1983-1999. Forest Ecol. Manag. 177, 155-177. (doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(02) 00320-1)
    • (2003) Forest Ecol. Manag , vol.177 , pp. 155-177
    • Watmough, S.A.1    Dillon, P.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.