Perceived Perpetration During Traumatic Events: Clinical Suggestions From Experts in Prolonged Exposure Therapy

Cognitive and Behavioral Practice

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 461-470

  Smith, Erin R ^a,b   Duax, Jeanne M ^a   Rauch, Sheila A M ^a,b  

^a VA ANN ARBOR HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Perceived perpetration; Prolonged exposure; PTSD; Trauma

Indexed keywords

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; ARTICLE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EMOTIONAL PROCESSING THEORY; EMPATHY; GUILT; HOMICIDE; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MORALITY; NIGHTMARE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROLONGED EXPOSURE THERAPY; PSYCHOEDUCATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; PSYCHOTRAUMA; RAGE; SELF DEFENSE; SHAME; SOLDIER; VETERAN; VIOLENCE;

EID: 84885176240     PISSN: 10777229     EISSN: 1878187X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.12.002     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 2000, Author, Washington, DC, text revision. 4th ed.
2. Cahill S.P., Rauch S.A., Hembree E.A., Foa E.B. Effect of cognitive behavioral treatments for PTSD on anger. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 2003, 17:113-131. 10.1891/jcop.17.2.113.57434.
3. Foa E.B., Dancu C.V., Hembree E.A., Jaycox L.H., Meadows E.A., Street G.P. A comparison of exposure therapy, stress inoculation training, and their combination for reducing posttraumatic stress disorder in female assault victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1999, 67:194-200. 10.1037/0022-006X.67.2.194.
4. Foa E.B., Hembree E.A., Cahill S.P., Rauch S.A.M., Riggs D.S., Feeny N.C., et al. Randomized trial of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder with and without cognitive restructuring: Outcome at academic and community clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2005, 73:953-964. 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.953.
5. Foa E.B., Hembree E.A., Rothbaum B.O. Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD:Emotional processing of traumatic experiences: Therapist guide 2007, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
6. Foa E.B., Kozak M.J. Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychology Bulletin 1986, 99:20-35. 10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20.
7. Foa E.B., Rauch S.A.M. Cognitive changes during prolonged exposure versus prolonged exposure plus cognitive restructuring in female assault survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2004, 72(5):879-884. 10.1037/0022-006X.72.5.879.
8. Friedman M.J. Posttraumatic stress disorder among military returnees from Afghanistan and Iraq. American Journal of Psychiatry 2006, 163:586-593.
9. Hembree E.A., Cahill S.P., Rauch S.A.M., Foa E.B. Beyond the manual: The insider's guide to prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2003, 10:22-30. 10.1016/S1077-7229(03)80005-6.
10. Hembree E.A., Rauch S.A.M., Riggs D.S., Feeny N.C., et al. Randomized trial of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder with and without cognitive restructuring: Outcome at academic and community clinics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2005, 73:953-964. 10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.953.
11. Institute of Medicine Treatment of PTSD: An assessment of the evidence 2007, National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
12. Kubany E., Hayes S., Abueg F., Manke F., Brennan J., Stahura C. Development and validation of the trauma-related guilt inventory (TRGI). Psychological Assessment 1996, 8:428-444. 10.1037/1040-3590/96.
13. Kubany E., Manke F. Cognitive therapy for trauma-related guilt: Conceptual bases and treatment outlines. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 1995, 2:27-61. 10.1016/1077-7229/95/027-061.
14. Litz B., Stein N., Delany E., Lebowitz L., Nash W., Silva C., Maguen S. Moral injury and moral repair in war Veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy. Clinical Psychology Review 2009, 29:695-706. 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003.
15. MacNair R. Perpetration-induced traumatic stress in combat veterans. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 2002, 8:63-72. 10.1016/S0005-7894(89)80072-3.
16. Maguen S., Lucenko B.A., Reger M.A., Gahm G.A., Litz B.T., Seal K.H., ..., Marmar C.R. The impact of reported direct and indirect killing on mental health symptoms in Iraq war veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2010, 23. 10.1002/jts.20434.
17. Paunovic N., Öst L.G. Cognitive-behavior therapy vs exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2001, 39:1183-1197. 10.1016/S0005-7967(00)00093-0.
18. Rauch S., Defever E., Favorite T., Duroe A., Garrity C., Martis B., Liberzon I. Prolonged Exposure for PTSD in a Veterans Health Administration PTSD Clinic. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2009, 22:60-64. 10.1002/jts.20380.
19. Rauch S.A.M., Eftekhari A., Ruzek J. Review of exposure therapy: A gold standard for PTSD treatment. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 2012, 49:679-688. 10.1682/JRRD.2011.08.0152.
20. Rauch S.A.M., Foa E.B. Emotional Processing Theory (EPT) and Exposure therapy for PTSD. Journal of Contemporary Psychology 2006, 36:61-65. 10.1007/s10879-006-9008-y.
21. Resick P.A., Nishith P., Weaver T.L., Astin M.C., Feuer C.A. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting list condition for the treatment of chronic PTSD in female rape victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2002, 70:867-879. 10.1037/0022-006X.70.4.867.
22. Rothbaum B.O., Astin M.C., Marsteller F. Prolonged exposure versus eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) for PTSD rape victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2005, 18:607-616. 10.1002/jts.20069.
23. Schnurr P.P., Friedman M.J., Engel C.C., Foa E.B., Shea M.T., Chow B.K., ..., Bernardy N. Cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in women: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2007, 297:820-830. 10.1001/jama.297.8.820.
24. Steenkamp M.M., Litz B.T., Gray M.J., Lebowitz L., Nash W., Conoscenti L., Amidon A., Lang A. A brief exposure-based intervention for service members with PTSD. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2011, 18:98-107. 10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.08.006.
25. Tangney J.P., Stuewig J., Mashek D.J. Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology 2007, 58:345-372. 10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145.
26. Tilghman-Osborne C., Cole D.A., Felton J.W. Definition and measurement of guilt: Implications for clinical research and practice. Clinical Psychology Review 2010, 30:536-546. 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.007.
27. Tuerk P., Yoder M., Grubaugh A., Myrick H., Hamner M., Aciero R. Prolonged exposure therapy for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: An examination of treatment effectiveness for veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2011, 25(3):397-403. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.002.
28. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs & Department of Defense VA/DoD clinical practice guidelines for the management of post-traumatic stress 2010, Author, Washington, DC.
29. Zoellner L.A., Feeny N.C., Bittinger J.N., Bedard-Gilligan M.A., Slagle D.M., Post L.M., et al. Teaching trauma-focused exposure therapy for PTSD: Critical clinical lessons for novice exposure therapists. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 2011, 3:300-308. 10.1037/a0024642.