Archaeobotanical results from Sarazm, Tajikistan, an Early Bronze Age Settlement on the edge: Agriculture and exchange

Environmental Archaeology

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 211-221

  Spengler, Robert N ^a   Willcox, George ^b  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITÉ LUMIÈRE LYON 2   (France)

Author keywords

Agriculture; Bronze Age; Exchange; Sarazm; Tajikistan

Indexed keywords

EID: 84885168679     PISSN: 14614103     EISSN: 17496314     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000008     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Besenval, R. 1987. Découvertes récentes à Sarazm (R.S.S. du Tadjikistan): Attestation des relations au IIIe Millénaire Entre l'Asie Centrale, l'Iran du Nord-Est et le Baluchistan. Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 131e année 2, 441-56.
2. Besenval, R. 2001. Brève notice sur la coopération Archéologique Franco-Tadjike. Cahiers d'Asie Centrale. [online, accessed February 27, 2012-http://asiecentrale.revues.org/index645. html]
3. Besenval, R. and Isakov, A. 1989. Sarazm et les débuts du peuplement agricole dans la Région de Samarkand. Arts Asiatiques 44, 5-20.
4. Carter, E. 1943. Excavations at Anshan (Tal-e Malyan): the Middle Elamite Period. Philadelphia: The University Museum University of Pennsylvania.
5. Chang, C., Benecke, N., Grigoriev, F. P., Rosen, A. M. and Tourtellotte, P. A. 2003. Iron Age society and chronology in South-east Kazakhstan. Antiquity 77(296), 298-312.
6. Costantini, L. 1984. The beginning of agriculture in the Kachi Plain: the evidence of Mehrgarh, pp. 29-33 in Allchin, B. B. (ed.), South Asian Archaeology 1981. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7. Crawford, H. 1992. An early dynastic trading network in North Mesopotamia, pp. 77-82 in Charpin, D. and Joannes, F. (eds.), La Circulation des Biens, des Personnes et des Idees dans le Proche-Orient Ancien. Paris: Recherche sur les Civilisations.
8. Flad, R., Li, S., Wu, X. and Zhao, Zh. 2010. Early wheat in China: results from new studies at Donghuishan in the Hexi Corridor. Holocene 17, 555-60.
9. Frachetti, M. D. 2008. Pastoralist Landscapes and Social Interaction in Bronze Age Eurasia. Berkley: University of California Press.
10. Frachetti, M. D. 2012. Multi-regional emergence of mobile pastoralism and non-uniform institutional complexity across Eurasia. Current Anthropology 53(1), 2-38.
11. Frachetti, M. D. and Mar'yashev, A. N. 2007. Long-term occupation and seasonal settlement of eastern Eurasian pastoralists at Begash, Kazakhstan. Journal of Field Archaeology 32(3), 221-42.
12. Frachetti, M. D., Spengler, R. N., Fritz, G. J. and Mar'yashev, A. N. 2010. Earliest direct evidence for broomcorn millet and wheat in the Central Eurasian steppe region. Antiquity 84, 993-1010.
13. Fritz, G. 2005. Palaeoethnobotanical methodology and applications, pp. 773-834 in Herbert, D., Maschner, G. and Chippindale, C. (eds.), Handbook of Archaeological Methods. Lanham, Maryland: AltaMira Press.
14. Fu, D. 2001. Discovery, identification and study of the remains of Neolithic cereals from the Changguogou site, Tibet [in Chinese]. Kaogu 3, 66-74.
15. Fuller,D. Q. 2009. Framing a Middle Asian Corridor of Crop Exchange and Agricultural Innovation. Kyoto, Japan: Harvard University Roundtable on Ethnogenesis of South and Central Asia.
16. Fuller, D. Q. and Stevens, C. J. 2009. Agriculture and the development of complex societies, ppp. 37-57 in Fairbairn, A. and Weiss, E. (eds.), From Foragers to Farmers: Papers in Honour of Gordon C. Hillman. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
17. Harris, D. 2010. Origins of Agriculture in Western Central Asia: An Environmental-Archaeological Study. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
18. Hastorf, C. A. andWright, M. F. 1998. Interpreting wild seeds from archaeological sites: A dung charring experiment from the Andes. Journal of Ethnobiology 18, 211-27.
19. Herrmann, G. and Kurbansakhatov, K. 1994. The international Merv Project preliminary report on the second season (1993). Iran 32, 53-75.
20. Hunt, H. V., Linden, M. V., Liu, X., Motuzaite-Matuzeviciute, G., Colledge, S. and Jones, M. K. 2008. Millets across Eurasia: chronology and context of early records of the genera Panicum and Setaria from archaeological sites in the Old World. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 17, S5-18.
21. Hunt, H. V., Campana,M. G., Lawes, M. C., Park, Y.-J., Bower, M. A., Howe, C. J. and Jones, M. K. 2011. Genetic diversity and phylogeography of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Across Eurasia. Molecular Ecology 20, 4756-71.
22. Isakov, A. 1980. Excavations of the Bronze Age settlement of Sarazm. Anthropology and Archaeology of Eurasia 19, 273-86.
23. Isakov, A., Kohl, P. L., Lamberg-Karlovsky, C. C. and Maddin, R. 1987. Metallurgical analysis from Sarazm, Tadjikistan SSR. Archaeometry 29(1), 90-102.
24. Jia, P. W., Betts, A. andWu, X. 2011. New evidence for Bronze Age agricultural settlements in the Zhunge'er (Junggar) basin, China. Journal of Field Archaeology 36(4), 269-80.
25. Kenoyer, J. M. 2011. Preface in Law, R. W. (ed.), Inter-Regional Interaction and Urbanism in the Ancient Indus Valley: A Geologic Provenience Study of Harappa's Rock and Mineral Assemblage (Occasional Paper 11: Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human Past). Kyoto: Indus Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature.
26. Kircho, L. B. 1980. The problems of the origin of the Early Bronze Age culture of Southern Turkmenia. Anthropology and Archaeology of Eurasia 19, 96-106.
27. Kohl, P. L. 1980. The Namazga civilization: An overview. Anthropology and Archaeology of Eurasia 19, 7-37.
28. Komatsuda, T., Mohammad, P., He, C., Perumal, A., Hiroyuki, K., Dragan, P., Stein, N., Graner, A., Wicker, T., Tagiri, A., Lundquist, U., Fujimura, T., Matsuoka, M., Matsumoto, T. and Yano, M. 2007. Six-rowed barley originated from a mutation in a homeodomain-leucine zipper l-class homeobox gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104(4), 1424-9.
29. Law, R. 2006. Moving mountains: the trade and transport of rocks and minerals within the Indus valley region, pp. 301-13 in Robertson, E. C., Seibert, J. D., Fernandez, D. C. and Zender, M. U. (eds.), Space and Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
30. Lyonnet, B. and Isakov, A. I. 1996. Sarazm (Tadjikistan) Céramiques: Chalcolithique et Bronze Ancien. Paris: De Boccard.
31. Masson, V. M. 1980. Altyn-depe during the Aeneolithic period. Anthropology and Archaeology of Eurasia 19, 63-95.
32. Mei, J. 2009. Early metallurgy and socio-cultural complexity: archaeological discoveries in Northwest China, pp. 215-34 in Hanks, B. K. and Linduff, K. M. (eds.) Social Complexity in Prehistoric Eurasia: Monuments, Metals, and Mobility. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
33. Mei, J. and Shell, C. 1999. The existence of Andronovo cultural influence in Xinjiang during the 2nd Millennium BC. Antiquity 73(281), 570-8.
34. Miller, N. F. 1985. Paleoethnobotanical evidence for deforestation in ancient Iran: a case study of urban Malyan. Journal of Ethnobiology 5(1), 1-19.
35. Miller, N. F. 1990. Godin Tepe, Iran: plant remains from period V, the Late Fourth Millennium B.C. Museum Applied Science Center for Archaeology Ethnobotanical Report 6, 1-12.
36. Miller, N. F. 1996. Seed eaters of the ancient Near East: Human or herbivore Current Anthropology 37(3), 521-8.
37. Miller, N. F. 1999. Agricultural development in Western Central Asia in the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 8, 13-9.
38. Moore, K., Miller, N. F., Heibert, F. T. and Meadow, R. H. 1994. Agriculture and herding in early oasis settlements of the Oxus Civilization. Antiquity 68, 418-27.
39. Morrell, P. L. and Clegg, M. T. 2007. Genetic evidence for a second domestication of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) east of the Fertile Crescent. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, 3289-94.
40. Parpola, S., Parpola, A. and Brunswig, R. H., Jr. 1977. The Meluhha village. Evidence of acculturation of Harappan traders in the Late Third Millennium Mesopotamia Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient XXII, 129-65.
41. Pearsall, D. M. 2000. Paleoethnobotany a Handbook of Procedures. San Diego: Academic Press.
42. Possehl, G. L. 2004. The Middle Asian interaction sphere: trade and contact in the 3rd Millennium BC. Expedition 49(1), 40-2.
43. Razzokov, A. 2008. Sarazm. Dushanbe: Institute of History, Archaeology, and Ethnography [in Russian]. Dushanbe, Tajikistan: Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan A. Danish History, Archaeology and Ethnographic Institute.
44. Rosen, A. M., Chang, C. and Grigoriev, F. P. 2000. Paleoenvironments and economy of Iron Age Saka-Wusun agro-pastoralists in Southeastern Kazakhstan. Antiquity 74, 611-23.
45. Salvatori, S. 2008. A new cylinder seal from ancient Margiana: cultural exchange and syncretism in a "world wide trade system" at the end of the 3rd Millennium BC, pp. 111-8 in Salvatori, S. and Tosi, M. (eds.), The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in the Margiana Lowlands Facts and Methodological Proposals for a Redefinition of the Research Strategies (British Archaeological Reports International Series 1806). Oxford: Archaeopress.
46. Salzman, P. C. 1971. Movement and resource extraction among pastoral nomads: the sase of the Shah Nawazi Baluch. Anthropological Quarterly 44(3), 185-97.
47. Salzman, P. C. 2004. Pastoralist: Equality, Hierarchy, and the State. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
48. Sarianidi, V. 1993. Excavations at Southern Gonur. Iran 31, 25-38.
49. Taketa, S., Amano, S., Tsujino, Y., Sato, T., Saisho, D., Kakeda, K., Nomura, M., Suzuki, T., Matsumoto, T., Sato, K., Kawasaki, S. and Takeda, K. 2008. Barley grain with adhering hulls is controlled by an ERF family transcription factor gene regulating a lipid biosynthesis pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105(10), 4062-7.
50. Tengberg, M. 1999. Crop husbandry at Miri Qalat, Makran, SW Pakistan (4000-2000 B.C.). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 8(1-2), 3-12.
51. Terekhova, N. N. 1980. The history of metalworking production among the ancient agriculturalists of Southern Turkmenia. Anthropology and Archaeology of Eurasia 19, 313-24.
52. Thiebault, S. 1988. Palaeoenvironment and ancient vegetation of Baluchistan based on charcoal analysis of archaeological sites. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 54(3), 501-9.
53. Thornton, C. and Schurr, T. G. 2004. Genes, language, and culture: an example from the Tarim Basin. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 23(1), 83-106.
54. Vainshtien, S. 1980. Nomads of South Siberia the Pastoral Economies of Tuva. Colenso, M. (transl.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
55. Watson, P.-Jo. 1976. In pursuit of prehistoric subsistence: a comparative account of some contemporary flotation techniques. Mid-Continental Journal of Archaeology 1, 77-100.
56. Willcox, G. 1991. Carbonized plant remains from Shortughai, Afghanistan, pp. 139-53 in Renfrew, J. M. (ed.), New Light on Early Farming: Recent Developments in Palaeoethnobotany. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Press.
57. Willcox, G. 2002. Evidence for ancient forest cover and deforestation from charcoal analysis of ten archaeological sites on the Euphrates, pp. 141-5 in Thiébault, S. (ed.), Charcoal Analysis. Methodological Approaches, Palaeoecological Results and Wood Uses (British Archaeological Reports International Series 1063). Oxford: Archaeopress.
58. Williams, D. 1973. Flotation at Siraf. Antiquity XLVII, 288-92.
59. Winkelmann, S. 2000. Intercultural relations between Iran, the Murghabo-Bactrian Archaeological Complex (BMAC), Northwest India and Failaka in the Field of Seals. East and West 50, 43-95.
60. Zohary, D., Hopf,M. andWeiss, E. 2012. Domestication of Plants in the Old World: the Origin and Spread of Domesticated Plants in Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.