Factors associated with delayed entry into HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis in a resource-limited setting: Data froma cohort study in India

PeerJ

Volumn 2013, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Alvarez Uria, Gerardo ^a  

^a Rural Development Trust Hospital   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; ASYMPTOMATIC DISEASE; CITY; COMMUNITY; DEATH; DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CENTER; HEALTH PROGRAM; HOMELESSNESS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INDIA; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MARRIED PERSON; MEDICAL CARE; POVERTY; READING; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SINGLE MAN; SOCIAL STATUS; WIDOW;

EID: 84885155145     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21678359     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.90     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Adler A, Mounier-Jack S, Coker RJ. 2009. Late diagnosis of HIV in Europe: definitional and public health challenges. AIDS Care 21:284-293 DOI 10.1080/09540120802183537.
2. AlthoffKN, Gange SJ, Klein MB, Brooks JT, Hogg RS, Bosch RJ, Horberg MA, Saag MS, Kitahata MM, Justice AC, Gebo KA, Eron JJ, Rourke SB, Gill MJ, Rodriguez B, Sterling TR, Calzavara LM, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Rachlis AR, Napravnik S, Jacobson LP, Kirk GD, Collier AC, Benson CA, Silverberg MJ, Kushel M, Goedert JJ, McKaig RG, Van Rompaey SE, Zhang J, Moore RD. 2010. Late presentation for human immunodeficiency virus care in the United States and Canada. Clinical Infectious Diseases 50:1512-1520 DOI 10.1086/652650.
3. Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Naik PK. 2012a. Socio-demographic risk factors associated with HIV infection in patients seeking medical advice in a rural hospital of India. Journal of Public Health Research 1:e14 DOI 10.4081/jphr.2012.e14.
4. Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Bachu L, Naik PK. 2012b. Effect of formula feeding and breastfeeding on child growth, infant mortality, and HIV transmission in children born to HIV-infected pregnant women who received triple antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting: data from an HIV cohort study in India. ISRN Pediatrics 2012:9 pages, Article ID 763591 DOI 10.5402/2012/763591.
5. Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Kannan S, Bachu L, Naik PK. 2012c. Factors associated with late presentation of HIV and estimation of antiretroviral treatment need according to CD4 lymphocyte count in a resource-limited setting: data from an HIV cohort study in India. Interdisciplinary Perspect Infectious Diseases 2012:7 pages, Article ID 293795 DOI 10.1155/2012/293795.
6. Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Naik PK. 2012d. Gender differences, routes of transmission, socio-demographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV related infections of adults and children in an HIV cohort from a rural district of India. Infectious Diseases Reports 4:e19 DOI 10.4081/idr.2012.e19.
7. Bassett IV, Regan S, Chetty S, Giddy J, Uhler LM, Holst H, Ross D, Katz JN, Walensky RP, Freedberg KA, Losina E. 2010.Who starts antiretroviral therapy in Durban, South Africa?.. not everyone who should. AIDS 24(Suppl 1):S37-S44 DOI 10.1097/01.aids.0000366081.91192.1c.
8. Bradford JB, Coleman S, Cunningham W. 2007. HIV system navigation: an emerging model to improve HIV care access. AIDS Patient Care STDS 21(Suppl 1):S49-S58 DOI 10.1089/apc.2007.9987.
9. Cleves MA, Gould WW, Gutierrez RG. 2008. An introduction to survival analysis using Stata. Stata Corp.
10. Coviello V, Boggess M. 2004. Cumulative incidence estimation in the presence of competing risks. Stata Journal 4:103-112.
11. Dhillon PK, Jeemon P, Arora NK, Mathur P, Maskey M, Sukirna RD, Prabhakaran D. 2012. Status of epidemiology in the WHO South-East Asia region: burden of disease, determinants of health and epidemiological research, workforce and training capacity. International Journal of Epidemiology 41:847-860 DOI 10.1093/ije/dys046.
12. Farnham PG, Gopalappa C, SansomSL, Hutchinson AB, Brooks JT, Weidle PJ, Marconi VC, Rimland D. 2013. Updates of lifetime costs of care and quality of life estimates for HIV-infected persons in the United States: late versus early diagnosis and entry into care. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. Epub ahead of print April 22 2013. DOI 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182973966.
13. Fox MP, Larson B, Rosen S. 2012. Defining retention and attrition in pre-antiretroviral HIV care: proposals based on experience in Africa. Tropical Medicine & International Health 17:1235-1244 DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03055.x.
14. Gardner LI, Metsch LR, Anderson-Mahoney P, Loughlin AM, Del Rio C, Strathdee S, SansomSL, Siegal HA, Greenberg AE, Holmberg SD. 2005. Efficacy of a brief case management intervention to link recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons to care. AIDS 19:423-431 DOI 10.1097/01.aids.0000161772.51900.eb.
15. Girardi E, Sabin CA, Monforte AD. 2007. Late diagnosis of HIV infection: epidemiological features, consequences and strategies to encourage earlier testing. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 46(Suppl 1):S3-S8 DOI 10.1097/01.qai.0000286597.57066.2b.
16. Heckman TG, Somlai AM, Kalichman SC, Franzoi SL, Kelly JA. 1998. Psychosocial differences between urban and rural people living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Rural Health 14:138-145 DOI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.1998.tb00615.x.
17. Johnson LF, Mossong J, Dorrington RE, Schomaker M, Hoffmann CJ, Keiser O, Fox MP, Wood R, Prozesky H, Giddy J, Garone DB, Cornell M, Egger M, Boulle A. 2013. Life expectancies of South african adults starting antiretroviral treatment: collaborative analysis of cohort studies. PLoS Medicine 10:e1001418 DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001418.
18. Katz MH. 2011. Multivariable analysis: a practical guide for clinicians and public health researchers. Cambridge University Press.
19. Kranzer K, Zeinecker J, Ginsberg P, Orrell C, Kalawe NN, Lawn SD, Bekker L-G, Wood R. 2010. Linkage to HIV care and antiretroviral therapy in Cape Town, South Africa. PLoS ONE 5:e13801 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0013801.
20. Larson BA, Brennan A, McNamara L, Long L, Rosen S, Sanne I, Fox MP. 2010. Lost opportunities to complete CD4C lymphocyte testing among patients who tested positive for HIV in South Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 88:675-680 DOI 10.2471/BLT.09.068981.
21. Losina E, Bassett IV, Giddy J, Chetty S, Regan S, Walensky RP, Ross D, Scott CA, Uhler LM, Katz JN, Holst H, Freedberg KA. 2010. The "ART" of linkage: pre-treatment loss to care after HIV diagnosis at two PEPFAR sites in Durban, South Africa. PLoS ONE 5:e9538 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009538.
22. Mugglin C, Estill J, Wandeler G, Bender N, Egger M, Gsponer T, Keiser O. 2012. Loss to programme between HIV diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Tropical Medicine & International Health 17:1509-1520 DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03089.x.
23. Naar-King S, Bradford J, Coleman S, Green-Jones M, Cabral H, Tobias C. 2007. Retention in care of persons newly diagnosed with HIV: outcomes of the outreach initiative. AIDS Patient Care STDS 21(Suppl 1):S40-S48 DOI 10.1089/apc.2007.9988.
24. National AIDS Control Organisation. 2011. India HIV Estimates. Technical Report.
25. National AIDS Control Organisation. 2012. HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2010-11. A Technical Brief. Office of The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011. Census of India.
26. Rosen S, Fox MP. 2011. Retention in HIV care between testing and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. PLoS Medicine 8:e1001056 DOI 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001056.
27. Royston P. 2009. Multiple imputation of missing values: further update of ice, with an emphasis on categorical variables. Stata Journal 9:466-477.
28. StewardWT, Bharat S, Ramakrishna J, Heylen E, Ekstrand ML. 2013. Stigma is associated with delays in seeking care among HIV-infected people in India. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care 12(2):103-109 DOI 10.1177/1545109711432315.
29. Thompson MA, Mugavero MJ, Amico KR, Cargill VA, Chang LW, Gross R, Orrell C, Altice FL, Bangsberg DR, Bartlett JG, Beckwith CG, Dowshen N, Gordon CM, Horn T, Kumar P, Scott JD, Stirratt MJ, Remien RH, Simoni JM, Nachega JB. 2012. Guidelinesfor improving entry into and retention in care and antiretroviral adherence for persons with HIV: evidence-based recommendations from an International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care panel. Annals of Internal Medicine 156:817-833, W-284, W-285, W-286, W-287, W-288, W-289, W-290, W-291, W-292, W-293, W-294 DOI 10.7326/0003-4819-156-11-201206050-00419.
30. UNAIDS. 2012. 2012 UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.
31. UNAIDS/WHO. 2010. Country Progress Report. UNGASS. India, March 2010.
32. Vigneshwaran E, Padmanabhareddy Y, Devanna N, Alvarez Uria G. 2013. Gender differences in health related quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. North American Journal of Medical Sciences 5(2):102-107 DOI 10.4103/1947-2714.107526.
33. Zou G. 2004. A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data. American Journal of Epidemiology 159:702-706 DOI 10.1093/aje/kwh090.