Disparities in health insurance among children with same-sex parents

Pediatrics

Volumn 132, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 703-711

  Gonzales, Gilbert ^a   Blewett, Lynn A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Disparities; Gay and lesbian parents; Health insurance; Same sex households

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOPTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CIVIL UNION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOMESTIC PARTNERSHIP; EDUCATION; FAMILY LIFE; FATHER; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH INSURANCE; HOMEMAKING AND THE FAMILY; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; LESBIAN; MALE; MALE HOMOSEXUAL; MOTHER; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARENTAL SCHOOLING; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE; SAME SEX PARENT; SAME-SEX MARRIAGE; SCHOOL CHILD; SECOND PARENT ADOPTION; SEXUAL ORIENTATION; SOCIOECONOMICS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84885098458     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 10984275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-0988     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Lofquist D, Lugailia T, O'Connell M, Feliz S. Households and Families. Washington, DC: US Bureaus of Census; April 2012. Publication C2010BR-14
2. Gates G. LGBT parenting in the United States. Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute; 2013. Available at: http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla. edu/wp-content/uploads/LGBT-Parenting.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2013
3. Institute of Medicine. The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2011
4. Heck JE, Sell RL, Gorin SS. Health care access among individuals involved in samesex relationships. Am J Public Health. 2006; 96(6):1111-1118
5. Ash M, Badgett L. Separate and unequal: the effect of unequal access to employmentbased health insurance on gay, lesbian, and bisexual people. Contemp Econ Policy. 2006;24(4):582-599
6. Buchmueller T, Carpenter CS. Disparities in health insurance coverage, access, and outcomes for individuals in same-sex versus different-sex relationships, 2000-2007. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(3):489-495
7. Ponce NA, Cochran SD, Pizer JC, Mays VM. The effects of unequal access to health insurance for same-sex couples in California. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29(8):1539-1548
8. Clift JB, Kirby J. Health care access and perceptions of provider care among individuals in same-sex couples: findings from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). J Homosex. 2012;59(6):839-850
9. Patterson CJ. Children of lesbian and gay parents. Child Dev. 1992;63(5):1025-1042
10. Lambert S. Gay and lesbian families: what we know and where to go from here. Fam J (Alex Va). 2005;13(1):43-51
11. Patterson CJ. Children of lesbian and gay parents. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2006;15(5): 241-244
12. Patterson CJ. Children of lesbian and gay parents: psychology, law, and policy. Am Psychol. 2009;64(8):727-736
13. Biblarz TJ, Savci E. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender families. J Marriage Fam. 2010;72(3):480-497
14. Currie J, Gruber J. Health insurance eligibility, utilization of medical care, and child health. Q J Econ. 1996;111(2):431-466
15. Levy H, Meltzer D. The impact of health insurance on health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2008;29:399-409
16. Janicki H. Employment-based health insurance: 2010. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Census; February 2013. Publication P70-134
17. DeNavas-Walt C, Proctor BD, Smith JC. Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2011. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Census; September 2012. Publication P60-243
18. Claxton G, Rae M, Panchel N, et al. Employer health benefits 2012 annual survey. Available at: http://ehbs.kff.org/pdf/2012/8345. pdf. Accessed January 23, 2013
19. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employee benefits in the United States: March 2011. Washington, DC: US Department of Labor; July 2011. Publication USDL-11-1112. Available at: www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ebs2-07262011.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2013
20. Internal Revenue Service. Tax treatment of health care benefits provided with respect to children under age 27. Washington, DC: Internal Revenue Service; April 2010. Notice 2010-38. Available at: www.irs.gov/pub/irsdrop/n-10-38.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2013
21. National Conference of State Legislatures. Defining marriage: Defense of Marriage Acts and same-sex marriage laws. Available at: www.ncsl.org/issues- research/humanservices/same-sex-marriage-overview.aspx. Accessed March 25, 2013
22. Badgett MVL. The economic value of marriage for same-sex couples. Drake Law Rev. 2010;58(4):1081-1116
23. Human Rights Campaign. Parenting laws: second parent adoption. Available at: www.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/parenting-secondparent-adoption-062013. pdf. Accessed July 26, 2013
24. US Census Bureau. American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) 3-Year File, 2008-2010. Prepared by the US Census Bureau; 2011
25. Lofquist D. Same-Sex Couple Households. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau; September 2011. Publication ACSBR/10-03
26. O'Connell M, Gooding G. Editing unmarried couples in Census Bureau Data. Paper presented at: Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America; March 30, 2012; Los Angeles, CA. Available at: www.census.gov/population/www/ documentation/twps07/twps07.pdf. Accessed July 26, 2013
27. US Census Bureau. Your Guide for the American Community Survey. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau. Publication ACS-30 (2009)(8-2008). Available at: www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/questionnaires/2010/Guide10.pdf. Accessed July 26, 2013
28. Gates G. Same-sex couples in US Census Bureau data: who gets counted and why. Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute; 2010. Available at: http://williamsinstitute. law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Who-Gets- Counted-Aug-2010.pdf. Accessed January 23, 2013
29. Buchmueller TC, Carpenter CS. The effect of requiring private employers to extend health benefit eligibility to same-sex partners of employees: evidence from California. J Policy Anal Manage. 2012;31(2):388-403
30. Manning WD, Lamb KA. Adolescent wellbeing in cohabitating, married, and singleparent families. J Marriage Fam. 2003;65 (4):876-893
31. Davern M, Quinn BC, Kenney GM, Blewett LA. The American Community Survey and health insurance coverage estimates: possibilities and challenges for health policy researchers. Health Serv Res. 2009;44(2 pt 1):593-605
32. US Census Bureau. ACS health insurance definitions. Available at: www.census.gov/hhes/www/hlthins/methodology/definitions/acs.html. Accessed January 23, 2013.
33. Aday LA, Andersen R. A framework for the study of access to medical care. Health Serv Res. 1974;9(3):208-220
34. Blewett LA, Davern M, Rodin H. Covering kids: variation in health insurance coverage trends by state, 1996-2002. Health Aff (Millwood). 2004;23(6):170-180
35. National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. Second-parent adoption in the U.S. Available at: www.outfront.org/files/pg332/Secondparentadoption.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2013
36. StataCorp. Stata: Release 12. Statistical Software. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2011
37. Perrin EC, Kulkin H. Pediatric care for children whose parents are gay or lesbian. Pediatrics. 1996;97(5):629-635
38. Shone LP, Dick AW, Klein JD, Zwanziger J, Szilagyi PG. Reduction in racial and ethnic disparities after enrollment in the state Children's Health Insurance Program. Pediatrics. 2005;115(6). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/ cgi/content/full/115/6/e697
39. Flores G, Olson L, Tomany-Korman SC. Racial and ethnic disparities in early childhood health and health care. Pediatrics. 2005;115(2). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/115/2/e183
40. Newacheck PW, Brindis CD, Cart CU, Marchi K, Irwin CE. Adolescent health insurance coverage: recent changes and access to care. Pediatrics. 1999;104(2 pt 1):195-202
41. Fairbrother GL, Carle AC, Cassedy A, Newacheck PW. The impact of parental job loss on children's health insurance coverage. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29(7):1343-1349
42. Guendelman S, Schauffler HH, Pearl M. Unfriendly shores: how immigrant children fare in the U.S. health system. Health Aff (Millwood). 2001;20(1):257-266
43. Acevedo-Garcia D, Stone LC. State variation in health insurance coverage for U.S. citizen children of immigrants. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008;27(2):434-446
44. Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. Coparent or second-parent adoption by same-sex parents. Pediatrics. 2002;109(2):339-340
45. Perrin EC; Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. Technical report: coparent or second-parent adoption by same-sex parents. Pediatrics. 2002;109(2):341-344
46. Hatzenbuehler ML, O'Cleirigh C, Grasso C, Mayer K, Safren S, Bradford J. Effect of same-sex marriage laws on health care use and expenditures in sexual minority men: a quasi-natural experiment. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(2):285-291
47. Wight RG, Leblanc AJ, Lee Badgett MV. Same-sex legal marriage and psychological well-being: findings from the California Health Interview Survey. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(2):339-346
48. Buffie WC. Public health implications of same-sex marriage. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(6):986-990
49. Pawelski JG, Perrin EC, Foy JM, et al. The effects of marriage, civil union, and domestic partnership laws on the health and well-being of children. Pediatrics. 2006;118(1):349-364
50. Garrett JR, Lantos JD. Marriage and the well-being of children. Pediatrics. 2013;131 (3):559-563
51. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. Promoting the well-being of children whose parents are gay or lesbian. Pediatrics. 2013;131(4):827-830
52. Perrin EC, Siegel BS; Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Promoting the well-being of children whose parents are gay or lesbian. Pediatrics. 2013;131(4). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/131/4/e1374
53. Gates G, Steinberger MD. Same-sex unmarried partner couples in the American Community Survey: the role of misreporting, miscoding and misallocation. Paper presented at: Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America; April 30, 2009; Detroit, MI. Available at: http://economicsfiles. pomona.edu/steinberger/research/Gates-Steinberger-ACS-Miscode-May2010.pdf. Accessed July 26, 2013