Comprehensive assessment of biventricular function and aortic stiffness in athletes with different forms of training by three-dimensional echocardiography and strain imaging

European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging

Volumn 14, Issue 10, 2013, Pages 1010-1020

  Vitarelli, Antonio ^a   Capotosto, Lidia ^a   Placanica, Giuseppe ^a   Caranci, Fiorella ^a   Pergolini, Mario ^a   Zardo, Francesco ^a   Martino, Francesco ^a   De Chiara, Stefania ^a   Vitarelli, Massimo ^a  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

Aortic function; Athlete's heart; Echocardiography; Speckle tracking imaging; Three dimensional echocardiography; Tissue Doppler imaging; Ventricular function

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AORTA; ARTERIAL STIFFNESS; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; BICYCLE ERGOMETRY; CARDIAC IMAGING; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE ENDDIASTOLIC VOLUME; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEART RIGHT VENTRICLE ENDDIASTOLIC VOLUME; HEART RIGHT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MARATHON RUNNER; MARTIAL ART; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPECKLE TRACKING IMAGING; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; THREE DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING; TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; VOLUMETRY; YOUNG MODULUS;

AORTIC FUNCTION; ATHLETE'S HEART; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; SPECKLE TRACKING IMAGING; THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING; VENTRICULAR FUNCTION;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; AORTA; ATHLETES; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, DOPPLER, PULSED; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, THREE-DIMENSIONAL; ERGOMETRY; HUMANS; IMAGE INTERPRETATION, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MALE; MARTIAL ARTS; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; REFERENCE VALUES; RUNNING; SPORTS; STROKE VOLUME; VASCULAR STIFFNESS; VENTRICULAR FUNCTION, LEFT; VENTRICULAR FUNCTION, RIGHT; WEIGHT LIFTING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84885054208     PISSN: 20472404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jes298     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Maron BJ. Structural features of the athlete heart as defined by echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;7:190-203.
2. La Gerche A, Taylor AJ, Prior DL. Athlete's heart: the potential for multimodality imaging to address the critical remaining questions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2:350-63.
3. Bhella PS, Levine BD. The heart of a champion. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:1626-8.
4. Morganroth J, Maron BJ, Henry WL, Epstein SE. Comparative left ventricular dimensions in trained athletes. Ann Intern Med 1975;82:521-4.
5. Otsuki T, Maeda S, Iemitsu M, Saito Y, Tanimura Y, Ajisaka R et al. Vascular endothelium-derived factors and arterial stiffness in strength- and endurancetrained men. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007;292:H786-91.
6. D'Andrea A, Caso P, Scarafile R, Salerno G, De Corato G, Mita C et al. Biventricular myocardial adaptation to different training protocols in competitive master athletes. Int J Cardiol 2007;115:342-9.
7. Fagard RH. Athlete's heart: a meta-analysis of the echocardiographic experience. Int J Sports Med 1996;17(Suppl. 3):S140-4.
8. Pluim BM, Zwinderman AH, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE. The athlete's heart. A meta-analysis of cardiac structure and function. Circulation 2000; 101:336-44.
9. Naylor LH, George K, O'Driscoll G, Green DJ. The athlete's heart: a contemporary appraisal of the 'Morganroth hypothesis'. Sports Med 2008;38:69-90
10. Maron BJ, Pelliccia A. The heart of trained athletes: cardiac remodeling and the risks of sports, including sudden death. Circulation 2006;114:1633-44.
11. Fagard R, Van Den Broeke C, Bielen E, Vanhees L, Amery A. Assessment of stiffness of the hypertrophied left ventricle of bicyclists using left ventricular inflow Doppler velocimetry. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987;9:1250-4.
12. Lewis JF, Spirito P, Pelliccia A, Maron BJ. Usefulness of Doppler echocardiographic assessment of diastolic filling in distinguishing ''athlete's heart'' from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J 1992;68:296-300.
13. Palka P, Lange A, Fleming AD, Donnelly JE, Dutka DP, Starkey IR et al. Differences in myocardial velocity gradient measured throughout the cardiac cycle in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, athletes and patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:760-8.
14. Vinereanu D, Florescu N, Schulthorpe N, Tweddel AC, Stephens MR, Fraser AG. Differentiation between pathologic and physiologic left ventricular hypertrophy by tissue Doppler assessment of long-axis function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or systemic hypertension and in athletes. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88:53-8.
15. D'Andrea A, Caso P, Galderisi M, Di Maggio D, Cicala S, D'Andrea L et al. Assessment of myocardial response to physical exercise in endurance competitive athletes by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging. Am J Cardiol 2001;87:1226-30.
16. Butz T, van Buuren F, Mellwig KP, Langer C, Oldenburg O, Treusch KA et al. Systolic and early diastolic left ventricular velocities assessed by tissue Doppler imaging in 100 top-level handball players. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2010; 17:342-8.
17. Richand V, Lafitte S, Reant P, Serri K, Lafitte M, Brette S et al. An ultrasound speckle tracking (two-dimensional strain) analysis of myocardial deformation in professional soccer players compared with healthy subjects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2007;100:128-32.
18. Doucende G, Schuster I, Rupp T, Startun A, Dauzat M, Obert P et al. Kinetics of left ventricular strains and torsion during incremental exercise in healthy subjects: the key role of torsional mechanics for systolic-diastolic coupling. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2010;3:586-94.
19. Simsek Z, Gundogdu F, Alpaydin S, Gerek Z, Ercis S, Sen I et al. Analysis of athletes' heart by tissue Doppler and strain/strain rate imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2011;27:105-11.
20. Mor-Avi V, Jenkins C, Kuhl HP, Nesser HJ, Marwick T, Franke A et al. Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic quantification of left ventricular volumes: multicenter study for validation with magnetic resonance imaging and investigation of sources of error. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2008;1:413-23.
21. Caselli S, Di Paolo FM, Pisicchio C, Di Pietro R, Quattrini FM, Di Giacinto B et al. Three-dimensional echocardiographic characterization of left ventricular remodeling in Olympic athletes. Am J Cardiol 2011;108:141-7.
22. Oomah SR, Mousavi N, Bhullar N, Kumar K, Walker JR, Lytwyn M et al. The role of three-dimensional echocardiography in the assessment of right ventricular dysfunction after a half marathon: comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011;24:207-13.
23. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005;18:1440-63.
24. Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, Gottlieb GJ, Campo E, Sachs I et al. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 1986;57:450-8.
25. Quinones MA, Otto CM, Stoddard M, Waggoner A, Zoghbi WA. Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography: a report from the Doppler quantification task force of the nomenclature and standards committee of the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:167-84.
26. Nagueh SF, Appleton CP, Gillebert TC, Marino PN, Oh JK, Smiseth OA et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009;22:107-33.
27. Nagueh SF, Bhatt R, Vivo RP, Krim SR, Sarvari SI, Russell K et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with decompensated systolic heart failure. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011;4:220-7.
28. Park SJ, Miyazaki C, Bruce CJ, Ommen S, Miller FA, Oh JK. Left ventricular torsion by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with diastolic dysfunction and normal ejection fraction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008;21:1129-37.
29. Stefanadis C, Stratos C, Boudoulas H, Kourouklis C, Toutouzas P. Distensibility of the ascending aorta: comparison of invasive and non-invasive techniques in healthy men and in men with coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 1990;11:990-6.
30. Schmidt-Trucksass A, Grathwohl D, Schmid A, Boragk R, Upmeier C, Keul J et al. Assessment of carotid wall motion and stiffness with tissue Doppler imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998;24:639-46.
31. Mottram PM, Haluska BA, Leano R, Carlier S, Case C, Marwick TH. Relation of arterial stiffness to diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive heart disease. Heart 2005;91:1551-6.
32. Vitarelli A, Giordano M, Germano G, Pergolini M, Cicconetti P, Tomei F et al. Assessment of ascending aorta wall stiffness in hypertensive patients by tissue Doppler imaging and strain Doppler echocardiography. Heart 2010;96:1469-74.
33. Urhausen A, Monz T, Kindermann W. Echocardiographic criteria of physiological left ventricular hypertrophy in combined strength- and endurance-trained athletes. Int J Card Imaging 1997;13:43-52.
34. Galderisi M, Lomoriello VS, Santoro A, Esposito R, Olibet M, Raia R et al. Differences of myocardial systolic deformation and correlates of diastolic function in competitive rowers and young hypertensives: a speckle-tracking echocardiography study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010;23:1190-8.
35. Butz T, van Buuren F, Mellwig KP, Langer C, Plehn G, Meissner A et al. Twodimensional strain analysis of the global and regional myocardial function for the differentiation of pathologic and physiologic left ventricular hypertrophy: a study in athletes and in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2011;27:91-100.
36. Weiner RB, Hutter AM Jr, Wang F, Kim J, Weyman AE, Wood MJ et al. The impact of endurance exercise training on left ventricular torsion. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2010;3:1001-9.
37. Teske AJ, Prakken NH, De Boeck BW, Velthuis BK, Martens EP, Doevendans PA et al. Echocardiographic tissue deformation imaging of right ventricular systolic function in endurance athletes. Eur Heart J 2009;30:969-77.
38. Poh KK, Ton-Nu TT, Neilan TG, Tournoux FB, Picard MH, Wood MJ. Myocardial adaptation and efficiency in response to intensive physical training in elite speedskaters. Int J Cardiol 2008;126:346-51.
39. La Gerche A, Burns AT, D'Hooge J, Macisaac AI, Heidbuchel H, Prior DL. Exercise strain rate imaging demonstrates normal right ventricular contractile reserve and clarifies ambiguous resting measures in endurance athletes. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012;25:253-62.
40. Pratali L, Molinaro S, Corciu AI, Pasanisi EM, Scalese M, Sicari R. Feasibility of realtime three-dimensional stress echocardiography: pharmacological and semisupine exercise. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2010;8:10-8.
41. Schattke S,Wagner M, Hattasch R, Schroeckh S, Durmus T, Schimke I et al. Single beat 3D echocardiography for the assessment of right ventricular dimension and function after endurance exercise: Intraindividual comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2012;10:6-15.
42. Babaee Bigi MA, Aslani A. Aortic root size and prevalence of aortic regurgitation in elite strength trained athletes. Am J Cardiol 2007;100:528-30.
43. D'Andrea A, Cocchia R, Riegler L, Salerno G, Scarafile R, Citro R et al. Aortic stiffness and distensibility in top-level athletes. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2012; 25:561-7.
44. Green DJ, Spence A, Rowley N, Thijssen DH, Naylor LH. Vascular adaptation in athletes: is there an 'athlete's artery'? Exp Physiol 2012;97:295-304.
45. Vitarelli A, Sardella G, Di Roma A, Capotosto L, De Curtis G, D'Orazio S et al. Assessment of right ventricular function by three-dimensional echocardiography and myocardial strain imaging in adult atrial septal defect before and after percutaneous closure. Int J Cardiovasc Imag 2012;28:1905-16.
46. Kim HK, Sohn DW, Lee SE, Choi SY, Park JS, Kim YJ et al. Assessment of left ventricular rotation and torsion with two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007;20:45-53.