메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 62, Issue , 2013, Pages 419-430

Divergence in technical efficiency of electric utilities: Evidence from the SAPP

Author keywords

Divergence; Electricity; Technical efficiency

Indexed keywords

CONVERGENCE APPROACH; DIVERGENCE; DYNAMICS METHODS; NON-PARAMETRIC TECHNIQUES; POWER POOLS; SOUTH AFRICA POWER POOLS; STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS; TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY;

EID: 84884984485     PISSN: 03014215     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.113     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (60)
  • 2
    • 84883552105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drivers and barriers to rural electrification in Tanzania and Mozambique - grid-extension, off-grid, and renewable energy technologies
    • in press, 10.1016/j.renene.2012.09.057
    • Ahlborg H., Hammar L. Drivers and barriers to rural electrification in Tanzania and Mozambique - grid-extension, off-grid, and renewable energy technologies. Renewable Energy 2012, in press, 10.1016/j.renene.2012.09.057.
    • (2012) Renewable Energy
    • Ahlborg, H.1    Hammar, L.2
  • 3
    • 49449120922 scopus 로고
    • Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models
    • Aigner D.J., Lovell C.A.K., Schmidt P. Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometrics 1977, 6(1):21-37.
    • (1977) Journal of Econometrics , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-37
    • Aigner, D.J.1    Lovell, C.A.K.2    Schmidt, P.3
  • 4
    • 84881844837 scopus 로고
    • Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations
    • Arellano M., Bond S. Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies 1991, 58(2):277-297.
    • (1991) Review of Economic Studies , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 277-297
    • Arellano, M.1    Bond, S.2
  • 5
    • 58149364940 scopus 로고
    • Another look at the instrumental variables estimation of error-components models
    • Arellano M., Bover O. Another look at the instrumental variables estimation of error-components models. Journal of Econometrics 1995, 68(1):29-51.
    • (1995) Journal of Econometrics , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-51
    • Arellano, M.1    Bover, O.2
  • 6
    • 0026277597 scopus 로고
    • Economic growth in a cross section of countries
    • Barro R.J. Economic growth in a cross section of countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1991, 106(2):407-443.
    • (1991) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.106 , Issue.2 , pp. 407-443
    • Barro, R.J.1
  • 8
    • 45549120385 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of firm-level technical efficiencies with a generalised frontier production function and panel data
    • Battese G.E., Coelli T.J. Prediction of firm-level technical efficiencies with a generalised frontier production function and panel data. Journal of Econometrics 1988, 38:387-399.
    • (1988) Journal of Econometrics , vol.38 , pp. 387-399
    • Battese, G.E.1    Coelli, T.J.2
  • 9
    • 0003708108 scopus 로고
    • Convergence of International Output Movements
    • NBER Working Paper no. 3717. Online at
    • Bernard, A., Durlauf, S., 1991. Convergence of International Output Movements, NBER Working Paper no. 3717. Online at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w3717.
    • (1991)
    • Bernard, A.1    Durlauf, S.2
  • 10
    • 8644260884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing for convergence: evidence from non-parametric multimodality test
    • Bianchi M. Testing for convergence: evidence from non-parametric multimodality test. Journal of Applied Econometrics 1997, 12(4):393-409.
    • (1997) Journal of Applied Econometrics , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 393-409
    • Bianchi, M.1
  • 11
    • 0001438979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models
    • Blundell R., Bond S. Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics 1998, 87(1):115-143.
    • (1998) Journal of Econometrics , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-143
    • Blundell, R.1    Bond, S.2
  • 14
    • 33750405301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there Enough Evidence Against Absolute Convergence?
    • Working Paper.
    • Chumacero, R.A., 2002. Is there Enough Evidence Against Absolute Convergence? Working Paper. http://www.bcentral.cl/estudios/documentos-trabajo/pdf/dtbc176.pdf.
    • (2002)
    • Chumacero, R.A.1
  • 15
    • 0001115844 scopus 로고
    • Estimators and hypothesis tests for a stochastic frontier function: a Monte Carlo analysis
    • Coelli T.J. Estimators and hypothesis tests for a stochastic frontier function: a Monte Carlo analysis. Journal of Productivity Analysis 1995, 6:247-268.
    • (1995) Journal of Productivity Analysis , vol.6 , pp. 247-268
    • Coelli, T.J.1
  • 16
    • 33847762286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipating the expansion of power facilities in Africa to meet increasing demand for electricity
    • IEEE, 7-12. Online at: arnumber=01611777.
    • Davidson, I.E., 2005. Anticipating the expansion of power facilities in Africa to meet increasing demand for electricity. In: Proceedings of the Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa, IEEE, 7-12. Online at: arnumber=01611777. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?
    • (2005) Proceedings of the Power Engineering Society Inaugural Conference and Exposition in Africa
    • Davidson, I.E.1
  • 17
    • 19744377413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electricity access for the poor: a study of South Africa and Zimbabwe
    • Davidson O., Mwakasonda S.A. Electricity access for the poor: a study of South Africa and Zimbabwe. Energy for Sustainable Development 2004, 8(4):26-40.
    • (2004) Energy for Sustainable Development , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 26-40
    • Davidson, O.1    Mwakasonda, S.A.2
  • 18
    • 79960708210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emigration and democracy
    • Discussion Paper No. 5496. Online at
    • Docquier, F., Lodigiani, E., Rapoport, H. and Schiff, M. (2011) Emigration and democracy. Discussion Paper No. 5496. Online at: http://ftp.iza.org/dp5496.pdf.
    • (2011)
    • Docquier, F.1    Lodigiani, E.2    Rapoport, H.3    Schiff, M.4
  • 19
    • 4043092207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The case for international coordination of electricity regulation: evidence from the measurement of efficiency in South America
    • Estache A., Rossi M.A., Ruzzier C.A. The case for international coordination of electricity regulation: evidence from the measurement of efficiency in South America. Journal of Regulatory Economics 2004, 25(3):271-295.
    • (2004) Journal of Regulatory Economics , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-295
    • Estache, A.1    Rossi, M.A.2    Ruzzier, C.A.3
  • 20
    • 43149094183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How efficient are African electricity companies? Evidence from the Southern African countries
    • Estache A., Tovar B., Trujillo L. How efficient are African electricity companies? Evidence from the Southern African countries. Energy Policy 2008, 36(6):1969-1979.
    • (2008) Energy Policy , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1969-1979
    • Estache, A.1    Tovar, B.2    Trujillo, L.3
  • 22
    • 0042825258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the Slovenian electricity distribution companies
    • Filippini M., Hrovatin N., Zoric J. Regulation of the Slovenian electricity distribution companies. Energy Policy 2004, 32(3):335-344.
    • (2004) Energy Policy , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 335-344
    • Filippini, M.1    Hrovatin, N.2    Zoric, J.3
  • 23
    • 84885904101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afrizal Operational performance of regional electricity distribution in Indonesia
    • Fujii H., Kaneko S., Afrizal Operational performance of regional electricity distribution in Indonesia. Journal of International Development and Cooperation 2011, 18(1):23-30.
    • (2011) Journal of International Development and Cooperation , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-30
    • Fujii, H.1    Kaneko, S.2
  • 24
    • 0000414660 scopus 로고
    • Large sample properties of generalized method of moments estimators
    • Hansen L. Large sample properties of generalized method of moments estimators. Econometrica 1982, 50(3):1029-1054.
    • (1982) Econometrica , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 1029-1054
    • Hansen, L.1
  • 25
    • 33847649571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Comparison of UK and Japanese Electricity Distribution Performance 1985-1998: Lessons for Incentive Regulation
    • DAE Working Paper WP0212, University of Cambridge, UK. Online at
    • Hattori, T., Jamasb, T., Pollitt, M.G., 2003a. A Comparison of UK and Japanese Electricity Distribution Performance 1985-1998: Lessons for Incentive Regulation. DAE Working Paper WP0212, University of Cambridge, UK. Online at: http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/310/1/EP03.pdf.
    • (2003)
    • Hattori, T.1    Jamasb, T.2    Pollitt, M.G.3
  • 26
    • 33847649571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Comparison of UK and Japanese Electricity Distribution Performance 1985-1998: Lessons for Incentive Regulation
    • DAE Working Paper (University of Cambridge, UK). Online at
    • Hattori T., T. Jamasb and M. Pollit (2003b). A Comparison of UK and Japanese Electricity Distribution Performance 1985-1998: Lessons for Incentive Regulation. DAE Working Paper (University of Cambridge, UK) Online at: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/electricity/publications/wp/EP03.pdf.
    • (2003)
    • Hattori, T.1    Jamasb, T.2    Pollit, M.3
  • 27
    • 33751574448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficiency analysis of German electricity distribution utilities, nonparametric and parametric tests
    • Hirschhausen von C., Cullmann A., Kappeler A. Efficiency analysis of German electricity distribution utilities, nonparametric and parametric tests. Applied Economics 2006, 38(21):2553-2566.
    • (2006) Applied Economics , vol.38 , Issue.21 , pp. 2553-2566
    • Hirschhausen von, C.1    Cullmann, A.2    Kappeler, A.3
  • 28
    • 84959824913 scopus 로고
    • Growth empirics: a panel data approach
    • Islam N. Growth empirics: a panel data approach. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1995, 110(4):1127-1170.
    • (1995) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.110 , Issue.4 , pp. 1127-1170
    • Islam, N.1
  • 29
    • 0042567244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International benchmarking and regulation: an application to European electricity distribution utilities
    • Jamasb T., Pollitt M. International benchmarking and regulation: an application to European electricity distribution utilities. Energy Policy 2003, 31(15):1609-1622.
    • (2003) Energy Policy , vol.31 , Issue.15 , pp. 1609-1622
    • Jamasb, T.1    Pollitt, M.2
  • 30
    • 84885901742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergence in per capita electric power consumption: an African perspective
    • Jaunky V.C. Divergence in per capita electric power consumption: an African perspective. Applied Econometrics and International Development 2008, 8(2):137-151.
    • (2008) Applied Econometrics and International Development , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-151
    • Jaunky, V.C.1
  • 31
    • 84885929732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergence of electric power consumption: evidence from the SAPP
    • Jaunky V.C. Divergence of electric power consumption: evidence from the SAPP. Journal of Developing Areas 2010, 44(1):123-147.
    • (2010) Journal of Developing Areas , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 123-147
    • Jaunky, V.C.1
  • 32
    • 84884981598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electricity Productivity Convergence: A Study Based on Panel Data Model
    • Working Paper. Online at
    • Jiang, M.-H., Wu, Y.-M., 2008. Electricity Productivity Convergence: A Study Based on Panel Data Model. Working Paper. Online at: http://web.cenet.org.cn/upfile/108726.pdf.
    • (2008)
    • Jiang, M.-H.1    Wu, Y.-M.2
  • 33
    • 0003083292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating dynamic panel data models: a guide for macroeconomists
    • Judson R.A., Owen A.L. Estimating dynamic panel data models: a guide for macroeconomists. Economics Letters 1999, 65(1):9-15.
    • (1999) Economics Letters , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-15
    • Judson, R.A.1    Owen, A.L.2
  • 34
    • 79957754093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Club-convergence and polarization of states: a nonparametric analysis of post-reform India
    • Kar S., Jha D., Kateja A. Club-convergence and polarization of states: a nonparametric analysis of post-reform India. Indian Growth and Development Review 2011, 4(1):53-72.
    • (2011) Indian Growth and Development Review , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-72
    • Kar, S.1    Jha, D.2    Kateja, A.3
  • 35
    • 52149088619 scopus 로고
    • On bias, inconsistency and efficiency of various estimators in dynamic panel data models
    • Kiviet J.F. On bias, inconsistency and efficiency of various estimators in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics 1995, 68(1):53-78.
    • (1995) Journal of Econometrics , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-78
    • Kiviet, J.F.1
  • 36
    • 63149110032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electricity intensity convergence in IEA/OECD countries: aggregate and sectoral analysis
    • Liddle B. Electricity intensity convergence in IEA/OECD countries: aggregate and sectoral analysis. Energy Policy 2009, 37(4):1470-1478.
    • (2009) Energy Policy , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 1470-1478
    • Liddle, B.1
  • 37
    • 84884985430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy and Sustainable Development in Tanzania, Sustainable Energy Watch, HELIO International
    • Online at
    • Lyimo, B.M., 2006. Energy and Sustainable Development in Tanzania, Sustainable Energy Watch, HELIO International. Online at: http://www.helio-international.org/uploads/%20Tanzania-EN.pdf.
    • (2006)
    • Lyimo, B.M.1
  • 39
    • 53249097335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The world per capita electricity consumption distribution: signs of convergence?
    • Maza A., Villaverde J. The world per capita electricity consumption distribution: signs of convergence?. Energy Policy 2008, 36(11):4255-4261.
    • (2008) Energy Policy , vol.36 , Issue.11 , pp. 4255-4261
    • Maza, A.1    Villaverde, J.2
  • 40
    • 0003097488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficiency Considerations in the Electricity Supply Industry: the Case of Iran
    • Surrey Energy Economics Discussion Paper Series, SEEDS 95. Online at:
    • Meibodi, A.E., 1998. Efficiency Considerations in the Electricity Supply Industry: the Case of Iran, Surrey Energy Economics Discussion Paper Series, SEEDS 95. Online at: http://www.surrey.ac.uk/economics/files/apaperspdf/SEED%2095.pdf.
    • (1998)
    • Meibodi, A.E.1
  • 41
    • 84884989277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Case for Meeting the Millennium Development Goals through Access to Clean Electricity
    • Working Paper. Online at
    • Meisen, P., Akin, A., 2008. The Case for Meeting the Millennium Development Goals through Access to Clean Electricity. Working Paper. Online at: http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/research/meeting-mdgs-through-access-to-lectricity/MDG-abstract.pdf.
    • (2008)
    • Meisen, P.1    Akin, A.2
  • 42
    • 0001183404 scopus 로고
    • Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed error
    • Meeusen W., van den Broeck J. Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review 1977, 18(2):435-444.
    • (1977) International Economic Review , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 435-444
    • Meeusen, W.1    van den Broeck, J.2
  • 43
    • 77952841171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Arellano-Bond Dynamic Panel GMM Estimators in Stata
    • Economics Department, Fordham University, New York, at
    • Mileva, E., 2007. Using Arellano-Bond Dynamic Panel GMM Estimators in Stata. Economics Department, Fordham University, New York, at: http://www.fordham.edu/economics/mcleod/ElitzUsingArellano%E2%80%93BondGMMEstimators.pdf.
    • (2007)
    • Mileva, E.1
  • 44
    • 84884987592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Regulatory Benchmarking Techniques to Set Company Performance Targets: The Case of US Electricity
    • Cambridge Working Paper in Economics CWPE0834 / Electricity Policy Research Group EPRG0817, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge. Online at
    • Nillesen, P., Pollitt, M., 2008. Using Regulatory Benchmarking Techniques to Set Company Performance Targets: The Case of US Electricity, in Cambridge Working Paper in Economics CWPE0834 / Electricity Policy Research Group EPRG0817, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge. Online at: http://www.eprg.group.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/eprg0817.pdf.
    • (2008)
    • Nillesen, P.1    Pollitt, M.2
  • 46
    • 84884988049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical Evidence of Income Dynamics Across EU Regions
    • Working Paper. Online at:
    • Pittau, M.G., Zelli, R., 2002. Empirical Evidence of Income Dynamics Across EU Regions. Working Paper. Online at: http://economics.ucr.edu/seminars/spring06/econometrics/Grazia%20Pittau5-26-06.pdf.
    • (2002)
    • Pittau, M.G.1    Zelli, R.2
  • 48
    • 0030455464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirics for economic growth and convergence
    • Quah D. Empirics for economic growth and convergence. European Economic Review 1996, 40(6):1353-1375.
    • (1996) European Economic Review , vol.40 , Issue.6 , pp. 1353-1375
    • Quah, D.1
  • 49
    • 0003051404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirics for growth and distribution: stratification, polarization, and convergence clubs
    • Quah D. Empirics for growth and distribution: stratification, polarization, and convergence clubs. Journal of Economic Growth 1997, 2(1):27-59.
    • (1997) Journal of Economic Growth , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-59
    • Quah, D.1
  • 50
    • 34250888798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The convergence of electricity prices in Europe
    • Robinson T. The convergence of electricity prices in Europe. Applied Economics Letters 2007, 14(7):473-476.
    • (2007) Applied Economics Letters , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 473-476
    • Robinson, T.1
  • 51
    • 34547912306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to Do xtabond2: An Introduction to "Difference" and "System" GMM in Stata
    • Working Papers 103 Center for Global Development, at:
    • Roodman, D., 2006. How to Do xtabond2: An Introduction to "Difference" and "System" GMM in Stata, Working Papers 103 Center for Global Development, at: http://repec.org/nasug2006/howtodoxtabond2.cgdev.pdf.
    • (2006)
    • Roodman, D.1
  • 53
    • 0001755034 scopus 로고
    • The estimation of economic relationships using instrumental variables
    • Sargan J. The estimation of economic relationships using instrumental variables. Econometrica 1958, 26(3):393-415.
    • (1958) Econometrica , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 393-415
    • Sargan, J.1
  • 55
    • 84959849294 scopus 로고
    • A contribution to the theory of economic growth
    • Solow R.M. A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1956, 70(1):65-94.
    • (1956) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-94
    • Solow, R.M.1
  • 56
    • 84884990344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Southern African Power Pool Annual Report (various issues). Online at
    • Southern African Power Pool Annual Report (various issues). Online at: http://www.sapp.co.zw/viewinfo.cfm?id=71&linkid=2&siteid=1.
  • 57
    • 84979188382 scopus 로고
    • Economic growth and capital accumulation
    • Swan T. Economic growth and capital accumulation. Economic Record 1956, 32(2):334-361.
    • (1956) Economic Record , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 334-361
    • Swan, T.1
  • 58
    • 84884974918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. Assessment of Power Pooling Arrangements in Africa. Online at:
    • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2009. Assessment of Power Pooling Arrangements in Africa. Online at: http://new.uneca.org/Portals/15/CrossArticle/1/Documents/PowerPooling_AssessmentReport.pdf.
    • (2009)
  • 59
    • 10444289824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A finite sample correction for the variance of linear efficient two-step GMM estimators
    • Windmeijer F. A finite sample correction for the variance of linear efficient two-step GMM estimators. Journal of Econometrics 2005, 126(1):25-51.
    • (2005) Journal of Econometrics , vol.126 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-51
    • Windmeijer, F.1
  • 60
    • 43449093434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electricity wholesale market prices in Europe: convergence?
    • Zachmann G. Electricity wholesale market prices in Europe: convergence?. Energy Economics 2008, 30(4):1659-1671.
    • (2008) Energy Economics , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 1659-1671
    • Zachmann, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.