Using the mehlich-3 soil test as an inexpensive screening tool to estimate total and bioaccessible lead in urban soils

Journal of Environmental Quality

Volumn 42, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 1518-1526

  Minca, K K ^a   Basta, N T ^a   Scheckel, K G ^b  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADDITIONAL SAMPLES; BIOACCESSIBILITY; LEACHING PROCEDURES; PLANT-AVAILABLE NUTRIENTS; SCREENING PROTOCOL; SCREENING TOOL; URBAN AGRICULTURES; URBAN SOILS;

ESTIMATION; HOUSING; SOIL TESTING; SOILS; TOOLS;

LEAD;

LEAD; SOIL; SOIL POLLUTANT;

ARTICLE; FOOD INDUSTRY; LEACHING; MEHLICH 3 SOIL TEST; PH; RISK; SCREENING; SOIL; SOIL ANALYSIS; CITY; PLANT; SOIL POLLUTANT;

CITIES; LEAD; PLANTS; SOIL; SOIL POLLUTANTS;

EID: 84884964157     PISSN: 00472425     EISSN: 15372537     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0450     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. ATSDR. 2000. Lead toxicity. Publ. ATSDR-HE-CS-2001-0001. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine Applied Toxicology Branch. http://www.atsdr. cdc.gov/csem/csem.asp?csem=7&po=0 (accessed 12 December 2011).
2. ATSDR. 2007. Toxicological profile for lead. Publ. 7439-92-1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine Applied Toxicology Branch. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ toxprofiles/tp13.pdf (accessed 12 December 2011).
3. Brady, N.C., and R.R. Weil. 2008. The nature and properties of soils. Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
4. Casteel, S.W., R.P. Cowart, and C.P. Weis. 1997. Bioavailability of lead to juvenile swine dosed with soil from the Smuggler Mountain NPL site of Aspen, Colorado. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 36:177-187. doi:10.1006/ faat.1997.2296
5. Chaney, R.L., S.B. Sterrett, and H.W. Mielke. 1984. The potential for heavy metal exposure from urban gardens and soils. In: J.R. Preer, editor, Proceedings of the symposium on heavy metals in urban gardens. Univ. of the District of Columbia Extension Service, Washington, DC. p. 37-84.
6. Chaney, R.L., M.H. Zia, and E.E. Codling. 2011. Simplified urban soil bioaccessible Pb test correlated with bioavailability of soil-Pb to humans in untreated and phosphate-treated Joplin soils. In: International Symposium on Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements Proceedings. 4 July. [CD.]
7. Clark, H.F., D.J. Brabander, and R.M. Erdil. 2006. Sources, sinks, and exposure pathways of lead in urban garden soil. J. Environ. Qual. 35:2066-2074. doi:10.2134/jeq2005.0464
8. Cotter-Howells, J. 1996. Lead phosphate formation in soils. Environ. Pollut. 93:9-16. doi:10.1016/0269-7491(96)00020-6
9. Cotter-Howells, J., and I. Thornton. 1991. Sources and pathways of environmental lead to children in a Derbyshire mining village. Environ. Geochem. Health 13:127-135. doi:10.1007/BF01734304
10. Cuyahoga County Board of Health (CCBH). 2010. Confirmed elevated blood lead levels (EBLs) for children six years of age. Ohio Department of Health. http://ccbhpreview.squarespace.com/storage/lead-poisoning/eblreports/ Lead2010Cleveland.pdf (accessed 12 Oct. 2011).
11. Davies, B.E., and L.J. Roberts. 1978. The distribution of heavy metal contaminated soils in northeast Clwyd, Wales. Water Air Soil Pollut. 9:507-518.
12. Day, J.P., J.E. Fergusson, and T.M. Chee. 1979. Solubility and potential toxicity of lead in urban street dust. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 23:497-502. doi:10.1007/BF01769994
13. Drexler, J.W., and W.J. Brattin. 2007. An in vitro procedure for estimation of lead relative bioavailability: With validation. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 13:383- 401. doi:10.1080/10807030701226350
14. Elliott, H.A., M.R. Liberati, and C.P. Huang. 1986. Competitive adsorption of heavy metals by soils. J. Environ. Qual. 15:214-219. doi:10.2134/ jeq1986.00472425001500030002x
15. Elrashidi, M.A., M.D. Mays, and C.W. Lee. 2003. Assessment of Mehlich 3 and ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA extraction for simultaneous measurement of fifteen elements in soils. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 34:2817-2838. doi:10.1081/CSS-120025208
16. Filippelli, G.M., M.A.S. Laidlaw, J.C. Latimer, and R. Raftis. 2005. Urban lead poisoning and medical geology: An unfinished story. GSA Today 15:4-11. doi:10.1130/1052-5173(2005)0154:ULPAMG>2.0.CO;2
17. Freeman, G.B., J.D. Johnson, and J.M. Killinger. 1993. Bioavailability of arsenic in soil impacted by smelter activities following oral administration in rabbits. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 21:83-88. doi:10.1006/faat.1993.1075
18. Gee, G.W., and J.W. Bauder. 1982. Particle-size analysis. In: A.L. Page, editor, Methods of soil analysis. Part 4. Physical methods. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. p. 650.
19. Hamel, S.C., J.R. Heckman, K.L. Shilke-Gartley, and B. Hoskins. 2003. Lead extraction using three soil fertility tests and Environmental Protection Agency Method 3050. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 34:2853-2873. doi:10.1081/CSS-120025211
20. Heanes, D.L. 1984. Determination of total organic-C in soils by an improved chromic acid digestion and spectrophotometric procedure. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 15:1191-1213. doi:10.1080/00103628409367551
21. Holmgren, G.G.S., M.W. Meyer, R.L. Chaney, and R.B. Daniels. 1993. Cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, and nickel in agricultural soils in the United States of America. J. Environ. Qual. 22:335-348. doi:10.2134/ jeq1993.00472425002200020015x
22. Hooda, P.S. 2010. Assessing bioavailability of soil trace elements. In: P. Hooda, editor, Trace elements in soils. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK. p. 231-232.
23. Jennings, A.A., A.N. Cox, S.J. Hise, and E.J. Petersen. 2002. Heavy metal contamination in the brownfield soils of Cleveland. Soil Sediment Contam. 11:719-750. doi:10.1080/20025891107069
24. Malinowski, E.R. 1991. Factor analysis in chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
25. Mehlich, A. 1984. Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 15:1409-1416. doi:10.1080/00103628409367568
26. Mielke, H.W. 1994. Lead in New Orleans soils: New images of an urban environment. Environ. Geochem. Health 16:123-128. doi:10.1007/ BF01747908
27. Mielke, H.W., J.C. Anderson, K.J. Berry, P.W. Mielke, R.L. Chaney, and M. Leech. 1983. Lead concentrations in inner-city soils as a factor in the child lead problem. Am. J. Public Health 73:1366-1369. doi:10.2105/ AJPH.73.12.1366
28. Minca, K., and N.T. Basta. 2013. Comparison of plant nutrient and environmental soil tests to predict Pb in urban soils. Sci. Total Environ. 445-446:57-63. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.008
29. Nelson, D.W., and L.E. Sommers. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: D.L. Sparks, editor, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3. Chemical Methods. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI. p. 961.
30. Petersen, E.J., A.A. Jennings, and J. Ma. 2006. Screening level risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in Cleveland Area Commons. J. Environ. Eng. 132:392-405. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:3(392)
31. Pichtel, J., B. Vine, P. Kuula-Väisänen, and P. Niskanen. 2001. Lead extraction from soils as affected by lead chemical and mineral forms. Environ. Eng. Sci. 18:91-98. doi:10.1089/10928750151132276
32. Ramsey, F., and D. Schafer. 2002. The statistical sleuth: A course in methods of data analysis. 2nd ed. Duxbury Press, Pacific Grove, CA.
33. Ravel, B., and M. Newville. 2005. ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: Data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 12:537-541. doi:10.1107/S0909049505012719
34. Roberts, S.M., J.W. Munson, and Y.W. Lowney. 2007. Relative oral bioavailability of arsenic from contaminated soils measured in the cynomolgus monkey. Toxicol. Sci. 95:281-288. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfl117
35. Ruby, M.V., R. Schoof, and W. Brattin. 1999. Advances in evaluating the oral bioavailability of inorganics in soil for use in human health risk assessment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33:3697-3705. doi:10.1021/es990479z
36. Ryan, J.A., K.G. Scheckel, W.R. Berti, S.L. Brown, S.W. Casteel, R.L. Chaney, J. Hallfrisch, M. Doolan, P. Grevatt, M. Maddaloni, and D. Mosby. 2004. Reducing children's risk from lead in soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38:18A-24A. doi:10.1021/es040337r
37. Scheckel, K.G., R.L. Chaney, N.T. Basta, and J.A. Ryan. 2009. Advances in assessing bioavailability of metal(loid)s in contaminated soils. Adv. Agron. 104:1-52. doi:10.1016/S0065-2113(09)04001-2
38. Scheckel, K.G., and J.A. Ryan. 2003. In vitro formation of pyromorphite via reaction of Pb sources with soft-drink phosphoric acid. Sci. Total Environ. 302:253-265. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00350-9
39. Segre, C.U., N.E. Leyarovska, L.D. Chapman, W.M. Lavender, P.W. Plag, A.S. King, A.J. Kropf, B.A. Bunker, K.M. Kemner, P. Dutta, R.S. Duran, and J. Kaduk. 2000. The MRCAT insertion device beamline at the advanced photon source. In: Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation: Eleventh U.S. National Conference. 13-15 Oct 1999. American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY. p. 419-422.
40. Sims, J.T., E. Igo, and Y. Skeans. 1991. Comparison of routine soil tests and EPA method 3050 as extractants for heavy metals in Delaware soils. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 22:1031-1045. doi:10.1080/00103629109368472
41. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. Method 3051a: Microwave assisted acid dissolution of sediments, sludges, soils, and oils. 2nd ed. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
42. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2011. Reusing potentially contaminated landscapes: Growing gardens in urban soils. USEPA, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Washington, DC.
43. Webb, S.M. 2005. SIXpack: A graphical user interface for XAS analysis using IFEFFIT. Phys. Scr. T 115:1011-1014. doi:10.1238/Physica. Topical.115a01011
44. Witzling, L., M. Wander, and E. Phillips. 2011. Testing and educating on urban soil lead: A case of Chicago community gardens. J. Agric. Food Systems Community Dev. 1:1-19.
45. Wolf, A., and D. Beegle. 2011. Recommended tests for macro and micronutrients. In: J.T. Sims and A. Wolf, editors, Recommended soil testing procedures for the Northeastern United States. 3rd ed. The Northeast Coordinating Committee for Soil Testing (NEC-67), Univ. of Delaware, Newark. p. 39-48.