Community monitoring for REDD+: International promises and field realities

Ecology and Society

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2013, Pages

  Danielsen, Finn ^a   Adrian, Teis ^a   Brofeldt, Søren ^b   van Noordwijk, Meine ^c   Poulsen, Michael K ^d   Rahayu, Subekti ^c   Rutishauser, Ervan ^e   Theilade, Ida ^b   Widayati, Atiek ^c   An, Ngo The ^f   Bang, Tran Nguyen ^f   Budiman, Arif ^g   Enghoff, Martin ^d   Jensen, Arne E ^d   Kurniawan, Yuyun ^g   Li, Qiaohong ^h   Mingxu, Zhao ^h   Schmidt Vogt, Dietrich ^h   Prixa, Suoksompong ⁱ   Thoumtone, Vongvisouk ⁱ   Warta, Zulfira ^g   Burgess, Neil ^b,j   more..

^a Nordisk Fond for Miljø og Udvikling   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^c WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE ICRAF   (Kenya)

^d NORDECO ^*  (France)

^e CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH   (Indonesia)

^f VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE   (Viet Nam)

^g WWF Indonesia   (Indonesia)

^h INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

ⁱ NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAOS   (Laos)

^j UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

more..

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Climate, community and biodiversity alliance standard; Forest carbon; Governance; Livelihood; Monitoring; Payment for ecosystem service programs; REDD+; Southeast Asia

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CARBON; DEFORESTATION; EMISSION CONTROL; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; LOCAL PARTICIPATION; STANDARD (REGULATION); UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE;

SOUTHEAST ASIA;

EID: 84884924005     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17083087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5751/ES-05464-180341     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Acharya, K. P. 2002. Twenty-four years of community forestry in Nepal. International Forestry Review 4(2):149-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/IFOR.4.2.149.17447
2. Agrawal, A., A. Chhatre, and R. Hardin. 2008. Changing governance of the world's forests. Science 320:1460-1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1155369
3. Agrawal, A., D. Nepstad, and A. Chhatre. 2011. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 36:373-396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-042009-094508
4. Agrawal, A., and E. Ostrom. 2008. Decentralization and community based forestry: learning from experience. Pages 44-67 in E. L. Webb and G. Shivakoti, editors. Decentralization, forests and rural communities: policy outcomes in South and Southeast Asia. SAGE, New Delhi, India.
5. Andrianandrasana, H. T., J. Randriamahefasoa, J. Durbin, R. E. Lewis, and J. H. Ratsimbazafy. 2005. Participatory ecological monitoring of the Alaotra wetland in Madagascar. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:2757-2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-005-8413-y
6. Angelsen, A., D. Boucher, S. Brown., V. Merckx., V. C. Steck, and Z. Darin. 2011. Modalities for REDD+ reference levels: technical and procedural issues. The Meridian Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.
7. Angelsen, A., M. Brockhaus, M. Kanninen, E. Sills, W. D. Sunderlin, and S. Wertz-Kanounnikoff, editors. 2009. Realising REDD+: national strategy and policy options. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia.
8. Anon. 2012a. Population data, Nepal. [online] URL: http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?lang=EN&option=pays&pid=149&nom=nepal
9. Anon. 2012b. Database. Department of Forest, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Nepal. [online] URL: http://dof.gov.np/division/community-forest-division/community-forestry
10. Asner, G. P., G. V. N. Powell, J. Mascaro, D. E. Knapp, J. K. Clark, J. Jacobson, T. Kennedy-Bowdoin, A. Balaji, G. Paez-Acosta, E. Victoria, L. Secada, M. Valqui, and R. F. Hughes. 2010. High-resolution forest carbon stocks and emissions in the Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 107(38):16738-16742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1004875107
11. Brockington, D. 2007. Forests, community conservation, and local government performance: the village forest reserves of Tanzania. Society & Natural Resources 20:835-848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920701460366
12. Brown, S. 1997. Estimating biomass and biomass change of tropical forests: a primer. FAO Forestry Paper 134, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
13. Carter, J., and J. Gronow. 2005. Recent experience in collaborative forest management: a review paper. CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 43. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jakarta, Indonesia.
14. Chhatre, A., and A. Agrawal. 2008. Forest commons and local enforcement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105(36):13286-13291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803399105
15. Chhatre, A., and A. Agrawal. 2009. Trade-offs and synergies between carbon storage and livelihood benefits from forest commons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106(42):17667-17670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0905308106
16. Clark, W. C., T. P. Tomich, M. van Noordwijk, D. Guston, D. Catacutan, N. M. Dickson, and E. McNie. 2011. Boundary work for sustainable development: natural resource management at the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 10:1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900231108
17. Climate, Community and Biodiversity Alliance (CCBA). 2008. Climate, community and biodiversity project design standards. Second edition. Arlington, Virginia, USA.
18. Colfer, P. C. J., and D. Capistrano. 2005. The politics of decentralization: forests, power, and people. Earthscan, London, UK.
19. Corbera, E., and H. Schroeder. 2011. Governing and implementing REDD+. Environmental Science & Policy 14:89-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2010.11.002
20. Dam, P., and E. Trines. 2011. Can carbon compete with the loggers in Papua New Guinea? Pages 158-168 in M. Skutsch, editor. Community forest monitoring for the carbon market. Earthscan, London, UK.
21. Danielsen, F., N. D. Burgess, and A. Balmford, editors. 2005. Monitoring matters: examining the potential of locally-based approaches. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:2507-2820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-005-8375-0
22. Danielsen, F., N. D. Burgess, A. Balmford, P. F. Donald, M. Funder, J. P. Jones, P. Alviola, D. S. Balete, T. Blomley, J. Brashares, B. Child, M. Enghoff, J. Fjeldså, S. Holt, H. Hübertz, A. E. Jensen, P. M. Jensen, J. Massao, M. M. Mendoza, Y. Ngaga, M. K. Poulsen, R. Rueda, M. Sam, T. Skielboe, G. Stuart-Hill, E. Topp-Jørgensen, and D. A. Yonten. 2009. Local participation in natural resource monitoring: a characterization of approaches. Conservation Biology 23:31-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01063.x
23. Danielsen, F., N. D. Burgess, and M. Enghoff. 2012. From global to local in REDD+ MRV: linking community and government approaches. Pages 273-274 in A. Angelsen, editor. Analysing REDD+ challenges and choices. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jakarta, Indonesia.
24. Danielsen, F., N. D. Burgess, P. M. Jensen, and P. Pirhofer-Walzl. 2010. Environmental monitoring: the scale and speed of implementation varies according to the degree of peoples involvement. Journal of Applied Ecology 47:1166-1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01874.x
25. Danielsen, F., M. M. Mendoza, A. Tagtag, P. A. Alviola, D. S. Balete, A. E. Jensen, M. Enghoff, and M. K. Poulsen. 2007. Increasing conservation management action by involving local people in natural resource monitoring. Ambio 36:566-570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[566:ICMABI]2.0.CO;2
26. Danielsen, F., M. D. Skutsch, N. D. Burgess, P. M. Jensen, H. Andrianandrasana, B. Karky, R. Lewis, J. C. Lovett, J. Massao, Y. Ngaga, P. Phartiyal, M. K. Poulsen, S. P. Singh, S. Solis, M. Sørensen, A. Tewari, R. Young, and E. Zahabu. 2011. At the heart of REDD+: a role for local people in monitoring forests? Conservation Letters 4:158-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00159.x
27. Dickinson, J. L., B. Zuckerberg, and D. N. Bonter. 2010. Citizen science as an ecological research tool: challenges and benefits. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 41:149-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144636
28. Edwards, D. P., B. Fisher, and E. Boyd. 2010. Protecting degraded rainforests: enhancement of forest carbon stocks under REDD+. Conservation Letters 3:313-316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00143.x
29. Epple, C., E. Dunning, B. Dickson, and C. Harvey. 2011. Making biodiversity safeguards for REDD+ work in practice. Developing operational guidelines and identifying capacity requirements. United Nations Environment Program-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK.
30. Fisher, B., S. L. Lewis, N. D. Burgess, R. E. Malimbwi, P. K. Munishi, R. D. Swetnam, R. K. Turner, S. Willcock, and A. Balmford. 2011. Implementation and opportunity costs of reducing deforestation and forest degradation in Tanzania. Nature Climate Change 1:161-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1119
31. Forest Peoples Program (FPP). 2012. Forest Peoples Program comments on the draft UNREDD FPIC guidelines. Moreton-in-Marsh, UK. [online] URL http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2012/01/unreddfpicsubmissionfinaljan20.pdf
32. Fry, B. 2011. Community forest monitoring in REDD+: the 'M' in MRV? Environmental Science and Policy 14:181-187.
33. Funder, M., F. Danielsen, Y. Ngaga, M. R. Nielsen, and M. K. Poulsen. In press. Reshaping conservation: the social dynamics of participatory monitoring in Tanzania's community-managed forests. Conservation & Society.
34. Gardner, T. A., N. D. Burgess, N. Aguilar-Amuchastegui, J. Barlow, E. Berenguer, T. Clements, F. Danielsen, F. Ferreira, F. Foden, A. C. Lees, M. R. Roman-Cuesta, L. Parry, C. B. Schmitt, N. Strange, S. M. Khan, I. Theilade, and I. C. G. Vieira. 2012. A framework for integrating biodiversity concerns into national REDD+ programmes. Biological Conservation 154:61-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.018
35. Ghazoul, J., R. Butler, J. Mateo-Vega, and L. P. Koh. 2010. REDD: a reckoning of environment and development implications. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25:396-402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2010.03.005
36. Gibson, C. C., J. T. Williams, and E. Ostrom. 2005. Local enforcement and better forests. World Development 33:273-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.07.013
37. GOFC-GOLD. 2010. A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring and reporting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals caused by deforestation, gains and losses of carbon stocks in forests remaining forests, and forestation. GOFC-GOLD Report, version COP 16-1, Alberta, Canada.
38. Gregersen, H., S. Draper, and D. Elz, editors. 1989. People and trees. The role of social forestry in sustainable development. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
39. Hairiah, K., S. Dewi, F. Agus, S. J. Velarde, A. Ekadinata, S. Rahayu, and M. van Noordwijk. 2011a. Measuring carbon stocks across land use systems: a manual. World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, South East Asia Regional Office, Bogor, Indonesia.
40. Hairiah, K., A. Ekadinata, R. R. Sari, and S. Rahayu. 2011b. Pengukuran cadangan karbon dari tingkat lahan ke bentang lahan. Second edition. World Agroforestry Centre-ICRAF, South East Asia Regional Office, Bogor, Indonesia.
41. Herold, M., and M. Skutsch. 2011. Monitoring, reporting and verification for national REDD + programmes: two proposals. Environmental Research Letters 6(1):014002.
42. Howell, S. 2012. No rights-no REDD: the credibility gap between intention and execution. Beyond carbon: enabling justice and equity in REDD+ across levels of governance, 23-24 March 2012, St. Anne's College, Oxford, UK. [online] URL http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/redd/downloads/ppt/3-2-howell.pdf
43. Jack, B. K., C. Kousky, and K. R. E. Sims. 2008. Designing payments for ecosystem services: lessons from previous experience with incentive-based mechanisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105:9465-9470.
44. Kanel, K. R. 2004. Twenty-five years' of community forestry: contribution to Millennium Development Goals. 4th National Community Forestry Workshop, 4-6 August, 2004, Kathmandu, Nepal. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal.
45. Koleff, P., K. J. Gaston, and J. J. Lennon. 2003. Measuring beta diversity for presence-absence data. Journal of Animal Ecology 72(3):367-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00710.x
46. Larson, A., D. Barry, G. Dahal, and C. Colfer, editors. 2010. Forests for people: community rights and forest tenure reform. Earthscan, Washington, D.C., USA.
47. Lopa, D., I. Mwanyoka, G. Jambiya, T. Massoud, P. Harrison, M. Ellis-Jones, T. Blomley, B. Leimona, M. van Noordwijk, and N. D. Burgess. 2012. Towards operational payments for water ecosystem services in Tanzania: a case study from the Uluguru Mountains. Oryx 46:34-44.
48. Merger, E., M. Dutschke, and L. Verchot. 2011. Options for REDD+ voluntary certification to ensure net GHG benefits, poverty alleviation, sustainable management of forests and biodiversity conservation. Forests 2:550-577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f2020550
49. Meyfroidt, P., and E. Lambin. 2011. Global forest transition: prospects for an end to deforestation. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 36:343-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-090710-143732
50. Mukama, K., I. Mustalahti, and E. Zahabu. 2012. Participatory forest carbon assessment and REDD+: learning from Tanzania. International Journal of Forestry Research 2012:126454.
51. Nielsen, M. R., and J. F. Lund. 2012. Seeing white elephants? The production and communication of information in a locally-based monitoring system in Tanzania. Conservation & Society 10(1):1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.92188
52. Penman, J., M. Gytarsky, T. Hiraishi, T. Krug, D. Kruger, R. Pipatti, L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara, K. Tanabe, and F. Wagner, editors. 2003. Good practice guidance for land use, land-use change and forestry. IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme and Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kanagawa, Japan. [online] URL http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf_contents
53. Peters-Guarin, G., and M. K. McCall. 2011. Participatory mapping and monitoring of forest carbon services using freeware: Cyber Tracker and Google Earth. Pages 94-104 in M. Skutsch, editor. Community forest monitoring for the carbon market. Earthscan, London, UK.
54. Phelps, J., E. L. Webb, and A. Agrawal. 2010. Does REDD+ threaten to recentralize forest governance? Science 328:312-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1187774
55. Pratihast, A. K., and M. Herold. 2011. Community based monitoring and potential links with national REDD+ MRV. Proceedings of the FCPF workshop-Linking community monitoring with national MRV for REDD+. CIGA-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico, 12-14 September 2011.
56. Preacher, K. J. 2001. Calculation for the chi-square test: an interactive calculation tool for chi-square tests of goodness of fit and independence. [online] URL http://www.quantpsy.org/chisq/chisq.htm
57. Putz, F. E., and K. H. Redford. 2009. Dangers of carbon-based conservation. Global Environmental Change 19:400-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.07.005
58. Rights and Resources. 2010. The end of the hinterland forests, conflict and climate change. Rights and Resources Initiative, Centre for People and Forests, Forest Peoples Programme, World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.
59. Robledo, C., J. Blaser, S. Byrne, and K. Schmidt. 2008. Climate change and governance in the forest sector. Rights and Resources Initiative, Washington, D.C., USA.
60. Rutishauser E., F. Noor'an, A. Rufi'ie, J. Halperin, and Y. Laumonier. In press. Accurate estimates of carbon stocks for carbon credits: how much do allometric models matter? Ecological Applications
61. Schwartzman, S., A. Alencar, and A. P. S. Souza. 2010. Social movements and large scale tropical forest protection on the Amazon frontier: conservation from chaos. Journal of Environmental Research and Development 19:174-299.
62. Sikor, T. 2010. Forest justice: towards a new agenda for forest research and practice? Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences 7(4):245-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1943815X.2010.530878
63. Skutsch, M., editor. 2011. Community forest monitoring for the carbon market. Earthscan, London, UK.
64. Skutsch, M., E. Zahabu, B. Karky, and F. Danielsen. 2011. The costs and reliability of community forestry monitoring. Pages 73-81 in M. Skutsch, editor. Community forest monitoring for the carbon market. Earthscan, London, UK.
65. Strassburg, B. B. N., A. S. L. Rodrigues, M. Gusti, A. Balmford, S. Fritz, M. Obersteiner, R. K. Turner, and T. M. Brooks. 2012. Impacts of incentives to reduce emissions from deforestation on global species extinctions. Nature Climate Change 2(5):350-355.
66. Stuart-Hill, G., R. Diggle, B. Munali, J. Tagg, and D. Ward. 2005. The event book system: a community-based natural resource monitoring system from Namibia. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:2611-2631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-005-8391-0
67. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 2011a. Outcome of the work of the ad hoc working group on long-term cooperative action under the convention. Draft decision [-/CP.17]. UNFCCC, Bonn, Germany.
68. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 2011b. Framework Convention on Climate Change, Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), Methodological guidance for activities relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries. Draft conclusions proposed by the Chair, Thirty-fifth session Durban, 28 November to 3 December 2011, UNFCCC, Bonn, Germany.
69. UN-REDD. 2011. UN-REDD guidelines on free, prior and informed consent (FPIC). [online] URL http://www.un-redd.org/Launch_of_FPIC_Guidlines/tabid/105976/Default.aspx
70. van Laerhoven, F. 2010. Governing community forests and the challenge of solving two-level collective action dilemmas-a large-N perspective. Global Environmental Change 20(3):539-546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.04.005
71. Venter, O., W. F. Laurance, T. Iwamura, K. A. Wilson, R. A. Fuller, and H. P. Possingham. 2009. Harnessing carbon payments to protect biodiversity. Science 326:1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1180289
72. Verplanke, J., and E. Zahabu. 2009. A field guide for assessing and monitoring reduced forest degradation and carbon sequestration by local communities. KTGAL Project, Enschede, Netherlands.
73. Wagner, F., E. Rutishauser, L. Blanc, and B. Herault. 2010. Effects of plot size and census interval on descriptors of forest structure and dynamics. Biotropica 42:664-671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00644.x