Snow surface roughness from mobile laser scanning data

Cold Regions Science and Technology

Volumn 96, Issue , 2013, Pages 23-35

  Kukko, A ^a   Anttila, K ^a,b   Manninen, T ^b   Kaasalainen, S ^a   Kaartinen, H ^a  

^a FINNISH GEODETIC INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^b FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Finland)

Author keywords

Laser scanning; Mobile mapping; Seasonal snow; Snow properties; Surface roughness

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING; LASER SCANNING; MOBILE MAPPING; MULTI-SCALE APPROACHES; SNOW PROPERTIES; SURFACE ROUGHNESS MODELLING; TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNERS; THREE-DIMENSIONAL POINT CLOUDS;

HYDROLOGY; MAPPING; SCANNING; SENSORS; SNOW; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; THREE DIMENSIONAL;

LASER APPLICATIONS;

GPS; LASER METHOD; MAPPING; SCANNER; SNOW;

EID: 84884918668     PISSN: 0165232X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2013.09.001     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Alho P., Vaaja M., Kukko A., Kasvi E., Kurkela M., Hyyppä J., Hyyppä H., Kaartinen H. Mobile laser scanning in fluvial geomorphology: mapping and change detection of point bars. Z. Geomorphol. 2011, 55:31-50.
2. Anttila K., Kaasalainen S., Krooks A., Kaartinen H., Kukko A., Manninen T., Lahtinen P., Siljamo N. Radiometric calibration of TLS intensity: application to snow cover change detection. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. 2011, 38(5/W12).
3. Arnold N.S., Rees W.G., Devereux B.J., Amable G.S. Evaluating the potential of high-resolution airborne LiDAR data in glaciology. Int. J. Remote. Sens. 2006, vol. 27(6):1233-1251.
4. Axelsson P. Processing of laser scanner data - algorithms and applications. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 1999, 54(2-3):138-147.
5. Bufton J.L. Laser altimetry measurements from aircraft and spacecraft. Proc. IEEE 1989, 77(3):463-477.
6. Church E.L. Fractal surface finish. Appl. Opt. 1988, 27(8):1518-1526.
7. Connor L., Laxon S., Ridout A., Krabill W., McAdoo D. Comparison of Envisat radar and airborne laser altimeter measurements over Arctic sea ice. Remote. Sens. Environ. 2009, 113:563-570.
8. Davidson M., Le Toan T., Mattia F., Manninen T., Borgeaud M. On the characterisation of agricultural random roughness for radar remote sensing studies. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2000, 38(2):630-640.
9. Dong W.P., Sullivan P.J., Stout K.J. Comprehensive study of parameters for characterizing three-dimensional surface topography I: some inherent properties of parameter variation. Wear 1992, 159:161-171.
10. Dong W.P., Sullivan P.J., Stout K.J. Comprehensive study of parameters for characterizing three-dimensional surface topography II: statistical properties of parameter variation. Wear 1993, 167:9-21.
11. Dong W.P., Sullivan P.J., Stout K.J. Comprehensive study of parameters for characterizing three-dimensional surface topography III: parameters for characterising amplitude and some functional properties. Wear 1994, 178:29-43.
12. Dong W.P., Sullivan P.J., Stout K.J. Comprehensive study of parameters for characterizing three-dimensional surface topography IV: parameters for characterising spatial and hybrid properties. Wear 1994, 178:45-60.
13. Eitel J.U.H., Williams C.J., Vierling L.A., Al-Hamdan O.Z., Pierson F.B. Suitability of terrestrial laser scanning for studying surface roughness effects on concentrated flow erosion processes in rangelands. CATENA 2011, 87(3):398-407.
14. Elder K., Cline D., Liston G., Armstrong R. NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): field measurements of snowpack properties and soil moisture. J. Hydrometeorol. 2009, 10:320-329.
15. Fassnacht S.R. Estimating alter-shielded gauge snowfall undercatch, snowpack sublimation, and blowing snow transport at six sites in the coterminous United States. Hydrol. Process. 2004, 18(18):3481-3492.
16. Fassnacht S.R. Temporal changes in small scale snowpack surface roughness length for sublimation estimates in hydrological modelling. Cuad. Invest. Geog. 2010, 36(1):43-57.
17. Fassnacht S.R., Williams M.W., Corrao M.V. Changes in the surface roughness of snow from millimetre to metre scales. Ecol. Complex. 2009, 6:221-229.
18. Fassnacht S.R., Stednick J.D., Deems J.S., Corrao M.V. Metrics for assessing snow surface roughness from digital imagery. Water Resour. Res. 2009, 45.
19. Fassnacht S.R., Toro Velasco M., Meiman P.J., Whitt Z.C. The effect of Aeolian deposition on the surface roughness of melting snow, Byers Peninsula, Antarctica. Hydrol. Process. 2010, 24(14):2007-2013.
20. Flood M., Gutelius B. Commercial implications of topographic terrain mapping using scanning airborne laser radar. Photogramm. Eng. Remote. Sens. 1997, 63(4):327-329. (363-366).
21. Garvin J., Blair J., Bufton J., Harding D. The Shuttle Laser Altimeter (SLA-01) experiment: topographic remote sensing of planet Earth. EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 1996, 77(7). (239 pp.).
22. Haala N., Brenner C., Anders K.-H. 3D urban GIS from laser altimeter and 2D map data. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. 1998, 32(3/1):339-346.
23. Heritage G., Milan D. Terrestrial laser scanning of grain roughness in a gravel-bed river. Geomorphology 2009, 113:4-11.
24. Herzfeld U.C. Vario functions of higher order - definition and application to characterization of snow surface roughness. Comput. Geosci. 2002, 28:641-660.
25. Höfle B., Geist T., Rutzinger M., Pfeifer N. Glacier surface segmentation using airborne laser scanning point cloud and intensity data. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. 2007, 36(3/W52):195-200.
26. Hollaus M., Aubrecht C., Höfle B., Steinnocher K., Wagner W. Roughness mapping on various vertical scales based on full-waveform airborne laser scanning data. Remote Sens. 2011, 3:503-523.
27. Hood J.L., Hayashi M. Assessing the application of a laser range finder for determining snow depth in inaccessible alpine terrain. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. 2010, 7:417-440.
28. Hudson S.R. Estimating the global radiative impact of the sea ice-albedo feedback in the Arctic. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116(D16102). (7 pp.).
29. Hyyppä J., Kelle O., Lehikoinen M., Inkinen M. A segmentation-based method to retrieve stem volume estimates from 3-D tree height models produced by laser scanners. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2001, 39(5):969-975.
30. Hyyppä J., Yu X., Hyyppä H., Vastaranta M., Holopainen M., Kukko A., Kaartinen H., Jaakkola A., Vaaja M., Koskinen J., Alho P. Advances in forest inventory using airborne laser scanning. Remote Sens. 2012, 4:1190-1207.
31. Jaakkola A., Hyyppä J., Hyyppä H., Kukko A. Retrieval algorithms for road surface modelling using laser-based mobile mapping. Sensors 2008, 8:5238-5249.
32. Kaartinen H., Hyyppä J. EuroSDR - project Commission III evaluation of building extraction. Final Report, EuroSDR - European Spatial Data Research, Official Publication 2006, 50:9-77.
33. Kaartinen H., Hyyppä J., Kukko A., Jaakkola A., Hyyppä H. Benchmarking the performance of mobile laser scanning system using a permanent test field. Sensors 2012, 12:12814-12835.
34. Kaartinen H., Hyyppä J., Kukko A., Lehtomäki M., Jaakkola A., Vosselman G., Oude Elberink S., Rutzinger M., Pu S., Vaaja M. Mobile mapping - Road Environment Mapping using Mobile Laser Scanning. EuroSDR Official Publication 2013, 62:49-95.
35. Kaasalainen S., Kaartinen H., Kukko A. Snow cover change detection with laser scanning range and brightness measurements. EARSeL eProceedings 2008, 7:133-141.
36. Kaasalainen S., Kaartinen H., Kukko A., Anttila K., Krooks A. Brief communication: application of mobile laser scanning in snow cover profiling. The Cryosphere 2010, 5:135-138.
37. Karjalainen T. Lumen pinnankarkeuden mittaaminen. Metropolia 2010, (48 pp., in Finnish).
38. Keller J.M., Crownover R.M., Chen R.Y. Characteristics of natural scenes related to the fractal dimension. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 1987, PAMI-9(1987):621-627.
39. Kraus K., Pfeifer N. Determination of terrain models in wooded areas with airborne laser scanning data. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 1998, 53(4):193-203.
40. Kukko A., Andrei C.-O., Salminen V.-M., Kaartinen H., Chen Y., Rönnholm P., Hyyppä H., Hyyppä J., Chen R., Haggrén H., Kosonen I., Čapek K. Road environment mapping system of the Finnish Geodetic Institute - FGI ROAMER. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. 2007, 36(3/W52):241-247.
41. Kukko A., Kaartinen H., Hyyppä J., Chen Y. Multiplatform mobile laser scanning: usability and performance. Sensors 2012, 12(9):11712-11733.
42. Lacroix P., Legrésy B., Langley K., Hamran S.E., Kohler J., Roques S., Rémy F., Dechambre M. Instruments and methods: in situ measurements of snow surface roughness using a laser profiler. J. Glaciol. 2008, 54(187):753-762.
43. Lehning M., Grünewald T., Schirmer M. Mountain snow distribution governed by an altitudinal gradient and terrain roughness. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 38. (L19504:1-L19504:5).
44. Lehtomäki M., Jaakkola A., Hyyppä J., Kukko A., Kaartinen H. Performance analysis of a pole and tree trunk detection method for mobile laser scanning data. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote. Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci. 2011, 38(5/W12).
45. Lohr U., Eibert M. The TopoSys laser scanner-system. Photogrammetrische Woche 1995 1995, 263-267. D. Fritsch, D. Hobbie (Eds.).
46. Maas H.-G., Vosselman G. Two algorithms for extracting building models from raw laser altimetry data. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 1999, 54(2-3):153-163.
47. Manes C., Guala M., Löwe H., Bartlett S., Egli L., Lehning M. Statistical properties of fresh snow roughness. Water Resour. Res. 2008, 44:W11407.
48. Manninen A.T. Surface roughness of Baltic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 1997, 102(C1):1119-1139.
49. Manninen A.T. Multiscale surface roughness and backscattering. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 1997, 16:175-203.
50. Manninen A.T. Multiscale surface roughness description for scattering modeling of bare soil. Physica A 2003, 319:535-551.
51. Manninen T., Rantasuo M., Le Toan T., Davidson M., Mattia F., Borgeaud M. Multiscale surface roughness of bare soil. Proceedings of the IGARSS'98, Seattle, 6-10 July 1998 1998, 1203-1206.
52. Manninen T., Anttila K., Karjalainen T., Lahtinen P. Automatic snow surface roughness estimation using digital photos. J. Glaciol. 2012, 58(211):993-1007.
53. Mialon A., Fily M., Royer A. Seasonal snow cover extent from microwave remote sensing data: comparison with existing ground and satellite based measurements. EARSeL eProceeding 2005, 4:215-225. (http://www.eproceedings.org/static/vol04_2/04_2_mialon1.pdf).
54. Naesset E. Determination of mean tree height of forest stands using airborne laser scanner data. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 1997, 52(2):49-56.
55. Prokop A. Assessing the applicability of terrestrial laser scanning for spatial snow depth measurements. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 2008, 54:155-163.
56. Prokop A., Schirmer M., Rub M., Lehning M., Stocker M. A comparison of measurement methods: terrestrial laser scanning, tachymetry and snow probing for the determination of the spatial snow-depth distribution on slopes. Ann. Glaciol. 2008, 49:210-216.
57. Rees W.G. A rapid method for measuring snow surface profiles. J. Glaciol. 1998, 44(148):674-675. (Correspondence).
58. Rees W.G., Arnold N.S. Scale-dependent roughness of a glacier surface: implications for radar backscatter and aerodynamic roughness modelling. J. Glaciol. 2006, 52:214-222.
59. Roujean J.-L., Manninen T., Sukuvaara T., Peltoniemi J., Kaasalainen S., Hautecoeur O., Lahtinen P., Riihelä A., Siljamo N., Lötjönen M., Karjalainen T., Kontu A., Suokanerva H., Aulamo O., Lemmetyinen J., Suomalainen J., Hakala T., Kaartinen H., Thölix L., Meinander O., Karhu J. SNORTEX: remote sensing measurement of snowmelt in European boreal forest. iLEAPS Newsletter 2010, 9:56-58.
60. Rutzinger M., Pratihast A.K., Oude Elberink S.J., Vosselman G. Tree modelling from mobile laser scanning data-sets. Photogramm. Rec. 2011, 26:361-372.
61. Schaffhauser A., Adams M., Fromm R., Jörg P., Luzi G., Noferini L., Sailer R. Remote sensing based retrieval of snow cover properties. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 2008, 54:164-175.
62. Schirmer M., Lehning M. Persistence in intra-annual snow depth distribution: 2. Fractal analysis of snow depth development. Water Resour. Res. 2011, 47. (W09517:1-W09517:14).
63. Schirmer M., Wirz V., Clifton A., Lehning M. Persistence in intra-annual snow depth distribution: 1. Measurements and topographic control. Water Resour. Res. 2011, 47. (W09516:1-W09516:16).
64. Trujillo E., Ramírez J.A., Elder K. Topographic, meteorological, and canopy controls on the scaling characteristics of the spatial distribution of snow depth fields. Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43:W07409.
65. Van der Veen C.J., Ahn Y., Csatho M., Mosley-Thompson E., Krabill W.B. Surface roughness over the northern half of the Greenland ice sheet from airborne laser altimetry. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:1-8.
66. Várnai T., Cahalan R.F. Potential for airborne offbeam lidar measurements of snow and ice thickness. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 12(C12S90). (11 pp.).
67. Warren S.G. Optical properties of snow. Rev. Geophys. 1982, 20(1):67-89.
68. Warren S.G., Wiscombe W.J. A model for the spectral albedo of snow. II: snow containing atmospheric aerosols. J. Atmos. Sci. 1980, 37(12):2734-2745.
69. Warren S.G., Brandt R.E., O'Rawe Hinton P. Effect of surface roughness on bidirectional reflectance of Antarctic snow. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103(E11):25789-25807.
70. Warren S.G., Brandt R.E., Grenfell T.C. Visible and near-ultraviolet absorption spectrum of ice from transmission of solar radiation into snow. Appl. Opt. 2006, 45(21):5320-5334.
71. Weligepolage K., Gieske A.S.M., Su Z. Surface roughness analysis of a conifer forest canopy with airborne and terrestrial laser scanning techniques. International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation: JAG 2012, 14:192-203. (1).
72. Williams L.D., Gallagher J.G. The relation of millimeter-wavelength backscatter to surface snow properties. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 1987, GE-25(2):188-193.
73. Zhu L., Hyyppä J., Kukko A., Kaartinen H., Chen R. Photorealistic building reconstruction from mobile laser scanning data. Remote Sens. 2011, 3:1406-1426.
74. Zhuravleva T.B., Kokhanovsky A.A. Influence of surface roughness on the reflective properties of snow. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2011, 112:1353-1368.