Merchant of illusion: James Rouse, America’s salesman of the businessman’s Utopia

Merchant of Illusion: James Rouse, America's Salesman of the Businessman's Utopia

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 1-228

  Bloom, Nicholas Dagen ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84884852219     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
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144. “People: Mortage Banker Jim Rouse… Named President of ACTION,” publication unclear, November 1958, 63, CA.
145. "‘Urban Genius’ Dead at 81,” Baltimore Sun, 10 April 1996.
146. James Rouse, “The New Highways: Challenge to the Metropolitan Region,” Speech given at Connecticut General, 9-12 September 1957, 5, CA.
147. James Rouse, “The New Highways: Challenge to the Metropolitan Region,” Speech given at Connecticut General, 9-12 September 1957, 5, CA, 6.
148. James Rouse, “The New Highways: Challenge to the Metropolitan Region,” Speech given at Connecticut General, 9-12 September 1957, 5, CA, 6-7.
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155. James Rouse, “Baltimore Speech,” ca. 1950s. CA.
156. Rouse Speech, “New Highways,” 4. CA.
157. Thomas Winship, “Exploiters Claim Safe Profits from Urban Land Redevelopment,” Washington Post, 12 October 1951, 25.
158. Rouse Speech, “Plan Big, Plan Wide, Plan Deep.” CA.
159. A. J. Field, “Citizen Participation in City Planning: Preliminary Report on Baltimore, Maryland,” as part of the Providence Master Plan Project, 1959. CA.
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164. “James Rouse, Profile of a Believer,” 34. CA.
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166. Jane Jacobs, “New Heart for Baltimore,” Architectural Forum, ca. 1958.
167. “James Rouse, Profile of a Believer,” 34.
168. “Summary of Progress: Charles Center-Inner Harbor Redevelopment Program,” November 1976. CA.
169. “Summary of Progress: Charles Center-Inner Harbor Redevelopment Program,” November 1976. CA.
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171. “The History of a Bold Adventure in Community Betterment,” ACTION, ca. 1961. CA.
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173. James Rouse, “The New Image Project,” Draft, 1960. CA.
174. Jack Rosenthal, “Hartford Region Gets Growth Plan,” New York Times, 7 May 1972, 42.
175. Allan R. Talbot, “Processing Hartford: An Idea-Laden Interim Report,” City (summer 1972), 1.
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177. Viola P. Willson, “Why Business Backs Process,” Hartford Business Times, 14 October 1971, 9-D.
178. Donald Canty, “What Could Make Hartford Tick?" City (summer 1971), 31-35.
179. Talbot, “Processing Hartford,” 1.
180. Janet Anderson, “Hartford Process, Inc., Mum on Plans,” Hartford Courant, 8 August 1971, 15.
181. Lead Editorial, “Vista of a Better Community,” Hartford Courant, 6 April 1969, 2-B.
182. Donald Canty, “What Could Make Hartford Tick?" 31-35.
183. Leo Molinaro, “Presentation to the Greater Hartford Corporation,” 5 November 1969, 16-17.
184. Christopher Feise and Peter Friedland, “Hartford Process and Citizen Participation, March 1973, 1-16.
185. Talbot, “Processing Hartford,” 1.
186. Donald Canty, “What Could Make Hartford Tick?" 31-35.
187. Monroe Karmin, “Greater Hartford: Businessmen, Politicians Seek to Renew a City and Help Suburbs, Too,” Wall Street Journal, 26 July 1972.
188. John Lacy, “Behind the Skyline… A City in Serious Trouble,” Hartford Courant, 23 August 1970.
189. John Sherman, “Private Enterprise Joins Region Planning Effort,” Hartford Courant, 6 April 1969.
190. Lacy, “Behind the Skyline.” 73.
191. “Hartford Sets Pace of U.S. in Model Plan,” Hartford Times, 20 May 1970.
192. Monroe Karmin, “Romney Readies a Secret, Supposedly Cheap Plan to Attack Social Ills-and Help Nixon Win Votes,” Wall Street Journal, 30 December 1971.
193. Teaford, Rough Road, 153-54.
194. Roy Lubove, Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh (New York: Wiley, 1969), 139-40.
195. “Slum Clearance: A Way to a Permanent Housing Boom,” Time 65, no. 6 (7 February 1955): 74.
196. Sassoon, One Hundred Years of Socialism.
197. P. Stewart Macaulay, “A Basis for a Baltimore City Plan: Recentralization of Population and Elimination of Blighted Areas,” Baltimore Sun, 6 January 1935.
198. “City’s Blighted Areas Found Divided between Races,” Baltimore Sun, 8 May 1950.
199. James Rouse, Speech to Urban Renewal Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, 27 March 1961.
200. Arnold Hirsch, “Searching for a ‘Sound Negro Policy’: A Racial Agenda for the Housing Acts of 1949 and 1954. Housing Policy Debate issue 2 (Fannie Mae Foundation): 410.
201. James Rouse, “It Can Happen Here: A Paper on Metropolitan Growth,” 23 September 1963.
202. Fisher, “Rebuilding Our Cities,” 131.
203. Greg Hise, Magnetic Los Angeles: Planning the Twentieth-century Metropolis (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997)
204. Marc A. Weiss, The Rise of the Community Builders: The American Real Estate Industry and Urban Land Planning (New York: Columbia UP, 1987).
205. Rouse Speech, “The New Highways,” 3. CA.
206. Rouse Speech, National Retail Dry Goods Association, 10. CA.
207. Moses, “Slums and City Planning,” 65.
208. Rouse Speech, “The New Highways,” 2. CA.
209. Cliff Ellis, “Professional Conflict over Urban Form” in Planning the Twentieth-Century City;
210. Mark S. Foster, From Streetcar to Superhighway: American City Planners and Urban Transportation, 1900-1940 (Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1981)
211. Mark Rose, Interstate: Express Highway Politics, 1939-1989 (Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1990)
212. Bruce E. Seely, Building the American Highway System: Engineers as Policy Makers (Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1987).
213. Jack Star, “The All-American Cities… " Look, 10 February 1953, 42.
214. “Housing Code Enforcement and Urban Renewal,” Greater Baltimore Committee, Planning Council, 21 November 1960.
215. “Housing Code Enforcement and Urban Renewal,” Greater Baltimore Committee, Planning Council, 21 November 1960.
216. Martin Millspaugh, “Baltimore’s Unique Experiment: A Report on the Baltimore Plan and Its Effect on Our Slums,” Baltimore Sun, 4 January 1954, 17.
217. ACTION Research Memorandum, “Case Study: Baltimore Fight Blight Fund,” 1956.
218. Edgar Jones and Burke Davis, “The Baltimore Plan,” Atlantic Monthly, May 1949, 35-38.
219. Joseph W. Martin, Congressional Record, 22 June 1949, 8130.
220. “These Slum Landlords Got Smart,” Saturday Evening Post, 31 January 1953.
221. Star, “The All-American Cities,” 42.
222. Encyclopedia Britannica Films, “The Baltimore Plan Script,” ca. 1952. CA.
223. The Baltimore Plan, from the collection of the Iowa State University Instructional Technology Center, 16 mm film transfer, ca. 1953.
224. “Memorandum on the Encyclopedia Britannica Fight Blight Movie,” CPHA, 28 October 1952. Series 2, Box 107, folder: Fight Blight Fund. CA.
225. “Visiting Mayor Unimpressed by Slum Job,” Baltimore Sun, 4 September 1953.
226. “Untitled,” Baltimore Sun, 5 September 1953.
227. “Baltimore Plan Urged for Nation,” Baltimore News American, 30 March 1952.
228. Garland A. Ruark, “Beware! The Baltimore Plan,” Federationist, 4 September 1953, 20.
229. “Mayor Zeidler Confirms Baltimore Plan Failures,” Federationist, 11 September 1953.
230. “The Baltimore Plan Is Ready for Appraisal,” Baltimore Sun, 31 January 1953.
231. Martin Millspaugh, “Tentacles of Blight Still Evident,” Baltimore Sun, 7 January 1954.
232. “Mayor Zeidler Confirms Baltimore Plan Failures,” CA.
233. James Rouse, Speech, “The Baltimore Plan,” Baltimore Sun, 10 April 1953. CA.
234. James Rouse, “The Impact of Housing Improvement on the Community,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1954, 5. CA.
235. James Rouse, “The Impact of Housing Improvement on the Community,” MIT, 1954.
236. Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Housing Program-Message from the President of the United States,” Congressional Record, 25 January 1954, 737-38.
237. Harry Bates, “The Administration’s Housing Program-It Bears Little Relation to the Nation’s Need,” American Federationist, March 1954, reprinted in Congressional Record, Appendix, 1954, A2382-83.
238. Patrick Malone, "8600 Dollar Housing Program But No 8600 Dollar Housing,” Work, Catholic Labor Alliance, January 1954.
239. Gurney Breckenfeld, Speech to the Symposium on Urban Renewal, Time and Life Building, New York, 7 May 1964, 7-19. CA.
240. “People: Mortgage Banker Jim Rouse, Long a Crusader against Slums, Named President of ACTION,” publication unclear, November 1958, 63. CA.
241. Charles Abrams, “The Walls of Stuyvesant Town,” The Nation, 24 March 1945, vol. 160, no. 1, 328-30.
242. Eisenhower, “Housing Program,” 737-38.
243. “Role of the Federal Government in Housing,” printed in the Congressional Record, 17 February 1954, A1289.
244. Albert Cole, quoted in the Congressional Record, 2 April 1954, 4468.
245. Charles Slusser, Commissioner of the Public Housing Administration, address printed in Congressional Record, 6 April 1954, A2640.
246. Harold Donohue, Congressional Record, 2 April 1954, 4448.
247. Harold Donahue, “The Public Housing Program Should Be Continued in the National Interest and Welfare,” Congressional Record, speech given 30 March 1954, Appendix, 1954, A2471.
248. Joseph P. McMurray, Speech to the Potomac Chapter of the National Association of Housing Officials, Washington, D.C., 1 December 1954, Congressional Record, 2 December 1954, A6922.
249. William Widnall, Congressional Record, 2 April 1954, 4461.
250. Martin Dies, Congressional Record, 2 April 1954, 4465.
251. Congressman Martin Dies, Congressional Record, 2 April 1954., 4466.
252. Congressman Don Wheeler, Congressional Record, 4473.
253. Ralph Gwinn, Congressional Record, 4478-79.
254. Joe Evins, Congressional Record-House, 8 April 1954, 4928.
255. William Colmer, Congressional Record, 4464.
256. “New Housing Law Called Major Gain by President,” (Camden) Editorial, Courier Post, 4 August 1954.
257. Roger Biles, “Housing Policy in Postwar America,” in From Tenements to the Taylor Homes, 140.
258. Vito Marcantonio, Congressional Record, 22 June 1949, 8137.
259. “New ‘Hearts’ for Our Cities,” Newsweek 43, no. 13 (29 March 1954): 74.
260. "2 Experts Lined Up to Map D.C. Program for Slum Clearance,” Washington Star, 12 September 1954.
261. “No Slums in Ten Years: A Workable Program for Urban Renewal,” Report to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, James Rouse and Nathaniel Keith, January 1955, 3-4.
262. “No Slums in Ten Years: A Workable Program for Urban Renewal,” Report to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, James Rouse and Nathaniel Keith, January 1955, 14, 18, 28, 29, 31.
263. “The New Washington,” Editorial, Washington Post, 15 January 1955, 6.
264. Robert Albrook, “All-Out War is Mapped to Rid D.C. of Slums, Washington Post, undated.
265. Seligman, “The Enduring Slums,” 148.
266. Harry S. Jaffe and Tom Sherwood, Dream City: Race, Power, and the Decline of Washington, D.C. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 29.
267. Gillette, Between Justice and Beauty, 151-69.
268. ACTION Reporter 4, no. 4 (Feb.-March 1960). CA.
269. ACTION Reporter 4, no. 4 (Feb.-March 1960). CA.
270. “ACTION’s Rouse Urges Cities to Fight Blight,” Convention Daily, United States Savings and Loan League, Miami Beach, 16 November 1960. CA.
271. From “The History of Bold Adventure in Community Betterment,” ACTION, ca.
272. The Man of ACTION, Iowa State University, Instructional Technology Center, 16 mm transfer.
273. “ACTION to Date,” 1 September 1962, 13. CA.
274. A. E. Hotchner, “Is Your Neighborhood Going to Seed?" Baltimore Sun, 9 October 1955, 7+.
275. “ACTION to Date,” 5-8. CA.
276. “A Proposal by ACTION,” 1961. CA.
277. James Rouse, “Utopia: Limited or Unlimited,” National Housing Conference, Inter-Religious Coalition for Housing, Interchurch Center, 14 November 1979. CA.
278. James Rouse, Speech at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ca. 1984. CA.
279. Mark Cohen, “Captain Enterprise,” Baltimore Magazine, April 1987, 80, 83.
280. “Harborplace Brings Project Expertise to Japan,” Washington Post, 23 July 1990.
281. “Harborplace Brings Project Expertise to Japan,” Washington Post, 23 July 1990.
282. Mina Wright, “Untitled,” Blueprints 6, no. 2, spring 1988, 4.
283. James Rouse and Elizabeth Rouse, “Wage Peace, Mr. President,” paid advertisement, Washington Post, 7 May 1970.
284. James Rouse to Bruce Smart, 20 July 1982. Series 4, Box 21, folder: July 1982. CA.
285. James Rouse to Jay Moorhead, Special Assistant to the President, Private Sector Initiatives, The White House, 11 November 1982. Series 4, Box 21, folder: November 1982. CA.
286. Kuttner, “The Erosion of the Welfare State,” 8-10.
287. “Special Report: The Future of Social Insurance and Welfare,” Ford Foundation Letter, 1 February 1985.
288. “Special Report: The Future of Social Insurance and Welfare.” 112.
289. James Rouse, Statement before Senate Subcommittee on Housing, 29 March 1968, 1247-48. CA.
290. James Rouse to John Sawyer, 27 July 1983, 2. Series 4, Box 22, folder: July 1983
291. Paul Engelmayer, “Developer of Festival Marketplaces Sets Up Foundation to Renovate Inner City Homes,” Wall Street Journal, 29 December 1983.
292. Rouse Speech, “Free Enterprise in a New America,” 14.
293. James Rouse to Aaron Gural, 22 August 1989. Series 4, Box 34, folder: August 1984 (1). CA.
294. James Rouse, “Make No Little Plans,” Speech at International New Towns Association Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 3 October 1983, 26, 28. CA.
295. James Rouse, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Housing and Urban Affairs of the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs of the United States Senate, 20 April 1989.
296. Donald Riegle, People for the American Way publication, 14 October 1993.
297. David Schwartz, Editorial, Journal of Commerce, 30 March 1988, 8A.
298. James Rouse to Jack Kemp, 30 November 1989. Series 4, Box 34, folder: Nov. 1989 (1).
299. Editorial, “Redeeming HUD,” Baltimore Sun, 5 October 1989, A-26.
300. “And the… Great Hope,” Business Week, 10 July 1989, 74.
301. Michael Seipp to James Rouse, 22 June 1990. Series 4, Box 36, folder: June 1990 (1). CA.
302. Anna Borgman, “Jim Rouse’s Plan to Save the Slums,” Washington Post, 14 April 1996, C-1.
303. Cohen, “Captain Enterprise,” 80.
304. James Rouse to Andy Sigler, 27 December 1990. Series 4, box 37, folder: December 1990 (1). CA.
305. Ralph Smith, Joan Walsh, “Stories of Renewal: Community Building and the Future of Urban America,” Rockefeller Foundation, January 1997.
306. James Rouse to Paul Brophy, 1 November 1989. Series 4, Box 34, folder: Nov. 1989 (2). CA.
307. Kristen Bradfield, “Project Case Study,” Affordable Housing Finance, October 2001.
308. James R. Cohen, “Abandoned Housing: Implications for Federal Policy and Local Action,” Urban Studies and Planning Program, University of Maryland, College Park, 13, 23.
309. Dreier, “Labor’s Love Lost?" 365.
310. George Will, “The Free Citizens of Sandtown,” Baltimore Sun, 2 January 1996.
311. Claire Carter, “Yes, It Can Be Done,” Parade, 12 May 1991, 4-5.
312. James Rouse, AMC meeting, The Greenbriar, “The New American Marketplace: A Challenge to Department Store Leadership,” 27 April 1976. CA.
313. Kozol, 183.
314. Marling, 283.
315. Kenneth T. Jackson, “Memphis,” in American Places: Encounters with History: A Celebration of Sheldon Meyer, ed. William E. Leuchtenburg (New York: Oxford UP, 2000).
316. Robert Wood, Suburbia: Its People and Their Politics (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1959), 163.
317. Robert Wood, Suburbia: Its People and Their Politics (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1959), 163.
318. “Urban Genius Dead at 81.” 9.
319. James Rouse to Harvey Moger, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, 4 February 1960. Series 1.4, Box 421, Folder: Cherry Hil 1957-1960. CA.
320. James Rouse, “Proceedings,” ca. 1978. Series 5, Box 216, folder: American Institute of Planners, October 10-12, 1977. CA.
321. Margaret Crawford. “The World in a Shopping Mall,” in Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space, ed. Michael Sorkin (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1991), 22.
322. Frieden and Sagalyn, Downtown Inc., 65.
323. James Rouse, “The New American Marketplace: A Challenge to Department Store Leadership,” Speech at AMC meeting, The Greenbriar, 27 April 1976. CA.
324. Richard Longstreth, City Center to Regional Mall: Architecture, the Automobile, and Retailing in Los Angeles, 1920-1950 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1998)
325. William S. Worley, J. C. Nichols and the Shaping of Kansas City: Innovation in Planned Residential Communities (Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1993)
326. William Severini Kowinski, The Malling of America: An Inside Look at the Great Consumer Paradise (New York: Morrow, 1985)
327. Ira G. Zepp, The New Religious Image of Urban America: The Shopping Mall as Ceremonial Center (Niwot: UP of Colorado, 1997)
328. Harvey M. Rubenstein, Pedestrian Malls, Streetscapes, and Urban Spaces (New York: Wiley, 1992)
329. Barry Maitland, Shopping Malls: Planning and Design (New York: Nichols, 1985)
330. Ann Satterthwaite, Going Shopping: Consumer Choices and Community Consequences (New Haven, Conn.: Yale UP, 2001).
331. Victor Gruen, The Heart of Our Cities; The Urban Crisis: Diagnosis and Cure (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1964), 190-98.
332. “Mid-City Shopping Center,” Architectural Forum, March 1953, 134.
333. Rouse Speech, “The New American Marketplace,” 4. CA.
334. James Rouse, “The Regional Shopping Center: Its Role in the Community It Serves,” 7th Urban Design Conference, Harvard University, 26 April 1963. CA.
335. James Rouse, Memo to Peyton Cochran, 11 October 1966. Series 4, Box 6, folder; Mail by Month, October 1966. CA.
336. Rouse Speech, “The New American Marketplace,” 4. CA.
337. James Rouse, Memo, 12 February 1976. CA.
338. Rouse Speech, “The New American Marketplace,” 2-3.
339. Rouse Speech, International Council of Shopping Centers, 3.
340. “The Future of the American Out-of-Town Shopping Center,” Harvard Graduate School of Design, Seventh Urban Design Conference, Ekistics, Doxiadis Associates, vol. 16, no. 93, August 1963, 99.
341. “The Future of the American Out-of-Town Shopping Center,” 99. CA.
342. Rouse Speech, “The Regional Shopping Center,” 6. CA.
343. Stephanie Dyer, “Designing ‘Community’ in the Cherry Hill Mall: The Social Value of Consumer Spaces, 1961-1973,” draft manuscript, 12. CA.
344. “Promotion,” Pamphlet, CRD, ca. 1960. CA.
345. Gurney Breckenfeld, Columbia and the New Cities (New York: I. Washburn, 1971), 214.
346. Don Wharton, “Those Amazing Shopping Centers,” Reader’s Digest, May 1962. Reprint.
347. Jean Holmes, “Checking Rouse Company’s Cherry Hill Center,” Howard County Times, 14 October 1964.
348. Seth King, “Supermarkets Hub of Suburbs,” New York Times, February 1971, 58.
349. Rouse, “Proceedings,” ca. 1978, 20. CA.
350. Rouse Speech, “The Regional Shopping Center,” 8. CA.
351. “The Future of the American Out-of-Town Shopping Center,” 96-103.
352. Rouse Speech, Real Estate Board of Baltimore, 1 February 1964, 11. CA.
353. Rouse Speech, “The New American Marketplace,” 10. CA.
354. “Columbia: A New City,” Promotional Brochure, The Rouse Company, 1966, 12. CA.
355. “Soviet Experts See a ‘New Town,'" New York Times, 26 April 1973.
356. Lizabeth Cohen, “From Town Center to Shopping Center: The Reconfiguration of Community Marketplaces in Postwar America,” American Historical Review 101, no. 4 (October 1996): 1068-71.
357. Lizabeth Cohen, “From Town Center to Shopping Center: The Reconfiguration of Community Marketplaces in Postwar America,” American Historical Review, 1080-81.
358. Robert Owen, quoted in Edward K. Spann, Brotherly Tomorrows: Movements for a Cooperative Society in America, 1820-1920 (New York: Columbia UP, 1989), 25.
359. Fisher, “Rebuilding Our Cities,” 131.
360. Ada Louise Huxtable, "‘Cluster Instead of ‘Slurbs,” New York Times Magazine, February 1964, 37.
361. Marya Mannes, “How Do You Want to Live?" McCall’s, June 1966.
362. Wolfgang Langewiesche, “Look at America’s ‘New Towns,'" Reader’s Digest, March 1967, 4.
363. Breckenfeld, 222.
364. Heikki von Hertzen and Paul D. Spreiregen, Building a New Town: Finland’s New Garden City, Tapiola (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1971)
365. Pierre Merlin, New Towns: Regional Planning and Development (London: Methuen, 1971)
366. Ann Louise Strong, Planned Urban Environments: Sweden, Finland, Israel, the Netherlands, France (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1971).
367. Langewiesche, “Look at America’s ‘New Towns,'" 6.
368. Lewis Mumford, The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York: Harcourt, 1961)
369. Richard E. Gordon, Katherine K. Gordon, and Max Gunther, The Split-Level Trap (New York: Random House, 1964)
370. John Keats, The Crack in the Picture Window (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1956)
371. John R. Seeley, R. Alexander Sim, and Elizabeth W. Loosely, Crestwood Heights: A Study of the Culture of Suburban Life (New York: Basic Books, 1956)
372. William Whyte, The Organization Man (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1956)
373. David Reisman, The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character (New Haven, Conn.: Yale UP, 1950)
374. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: Norton, 1963).
375. Josh Olsen, Appendix, Interview Transcripts, Robert Tennenbaum, 80. CA.
376. Breckenfeld, 257.
377. Wallace Hamilton, “Interim Memo: The Presentation of the Plan,” 30 November 1964. CA.
378. James Rouse, “Great Cities for a Great Society,” Chicago Chamber of Commerce and AIA, 8 April 1965. CA.
379. “Columbia Voyage: Discovering Columbia’s Tomorrows,” 14 October 1989. CA.
380. “Welcome to Columbia,” Columbia, spring 1968. CA.
381. Jeanne Lamb O’Neill, “Columbia: Gem of America’s ‘New Towns,'" American Home, May 1970
382. Wilmon White, “He’s Building a New City,” Together, December 1968.
383. W. B. Ragsdale, “A Prophet in the Marketplace,” Home Missions, ca. 1960s. CA.
384. Wolf Von Eckardt, “Prophet of the Urban Eden,” Washington Post, 7 July 1979, 4.
385. Adam Sachs, “More Is at Stake than Just Sandtown, Rouse Says,” Baltimore Sun, 23 July 1995, 1-E.
386. Robert Tennenbaum, ed., Creating a New City: Columbia, Maryland (Columbia, MO: Perry, 1996), 81.
387. “The First Settlers,” Editorial, Washington Post, 5 July 1967.
388. Gelfand, 357-58.
389. John McEwan to James Rouse, 3 March 1966. Series 5, Box 203, folder: Weaver Testimony HR 12946 (1 of 2), 1966. CA.
390. James Rouse, Testimony before the Housing Sub-Committee, House Banking and Currency Committee, 25 March 1966. CA.
391. George T. Morgan Jr. and John O. King, The Woodlands: New Community Development, 1964-1983 (College Station: Texas A and M UP, 1987), 15-16.
392. “James W. Rouse, The City Builder,” Baltimore Magazine, June 1970, 40.
393. Carlos C. Campbell, New Towns: Another Way to Live, (Reston, Va.: Reston Publishing Company, 1976), 196.
394. Carlos C. Campbell, New Towns: Another Way to Live, (Reston, Va.: Reston Publishing Company, 1976), 196.
395. Carlos C. Campbell, New Towns: Another Way to Live, (Reston, Va.: Reston Publishing Company, 1976), 201.
396. United States at Large, 91st Congress, 1970-1971, 1791-1794 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971).
397. Congressional Record, 17 December 1970, 42307.
398. United States at Large, 91st Congress, 1970-1971, 1790-92.
399. Congressional Record, 26 July 1968, 23689.
400. Department of Housing and Urban Development, “An Evaluation of the Federal New Communities Program,” Division of Policy Studies, Office of Policy Development, 1983, 1.6. National Archives II.
401. Department of Housing and Urban Development, “An Evaluation of the Federal New Communities Program,” Division of Policy Studies, Office of Policy Development, 1983, 1.6. National Archives II.
402. “HUD Issues Commitment for First New Community,” HUD News, 13 February 1970
403. William J. Nicoson, “Interim Economic and Financial Report-Soul City,” 15 September 1971
404. HUD, Office of New Communities Development, “Report on Cedar-Riverside, A New Community Proposal,” March 1971. National Archives II.
405. NCDC, “Report on Cedar-Riverside.”
406. Editorial, “The New Town for Cedar-Riverside,” Minneapolis Tribune, 15 April 1970. National Archives II.
407. Department of Housing and Urban Development, “An Evaluation of the Federal New Communities Program,” 3.8, 4.22. National Archives II.
408. NCDC, “Report on Park Forest South: Disposition Alternative,” Park Forest South Interdisciplinary Team, 16 October 1979. National Archives II.
409. “An Evaluation of the Federal New Communities Program,” 4.3.
410. Thomas Lippman and Bill Richards, “New Towns: Realities Dim Dreams,” Washington Post, 12 January 1975, A-1, A-12.
411. Thomas Lippman, “U.S. Aided New Towns Face Crisis,” Washington Post, 15 November 1974, A-1
412. Thomas Lippman, “HUD Ends New Town Program,” Washington Post, 11 January 1975, A-1
413. Thomas Lippman, “Minnesota Dream Now Up for Sale,” Washington Post, 15 January 1975, A-1
414. Bill Richards, “Developers Seek Alternatives to New Towns,” Washington Post, 17 January 1975, A-7
415. Thomas Lippman and Bill Richards, “New Towns: Realities Dim Dreams,” 12 January 1975, A-1
416. “Soul City, N.C.: High Risk Experiment, Washington Post, 15 January 1975.
417. “U.S. New Towns Plan Facing Huge Loss,” New York Times, 12 December 1976, 1.
418. Thomas Lippman, “HUD Retreats from New Town Idea,” Washington Post, 14 January 1975, A-1.
419. Thomas Lippman, “HUD Retreats from New Town Idea,” Washington Post, 14 January 1975 2.
420. Rouse Speech, “Make No Little Plans,” 6-7.
421. James Rouse, Speech to Urban Land Institute, Atlanta, 30 May 1977. CA.
422. James Rouse, “How to Build a Whole New City from Scratch,” Savings Bank Journal, October 1966, 32. CA.
423. James Rouse interview in the American Issues Forum, Voice of America, n.d., 115. CA.
424. “Report of Proceedings,” House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Housing and Community Development, 8 October 1975. CA.
425. James Rouse, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Housing, United States House of Representatives, March 29, 1968, 1217, CA.
426. James Rouse, Speech to the International Council of Shopping Centers, 4 June 1973. CA.
427. Rouse, “Proceedings,” ca. 1978, 19. CA.
428. James Rouse to Ann Satterthwaite, July 21, 1983. CA. Series 4, Box 22, folder, Mail by Month-EOC, July 1983.
429. Neal Peirce, “Dazzling Baltimore,” Baltimore Sun, 30 June 1980.
430. Kevin White, “Fanueil Hall and Quincy Marketplace,” in People for the American Way publication, 1993, Honoring Rouse, 14 October 1993. CA.
431. Anthony Yuddis, “Not JUST an Opening,” Boston Globe, 22 August 1976, 4.
432. Margo Miller, “The Day the Marketplace Opened,” Boston Globe, 27 August 1976, 1.
433. “Untitled,” Boston Herald American, 1973. CA.
434. “What Will the New Faneuil Hall Marketplace Be?" Description of the Plan by Benjamin Thompson and Associates, n.d. Series 1.5, Box 435, folder: Fanueil Hall Marketplace (FHM), 1972. CA 9. Benjamin Thompson to John Harkness, Board of Directors of Boston Society of Architects, 9 January 1973. Series 1.5, Box 435, folder: FHM. CA.
435. Benjamin Thompson and Jane M. Thompson, “Restoration of Faneuil Hall Marketplace: Comments on Historic, Architectural and Urban Issues,” ca. 1976. CA.
436. Rouse Letter to “Bill [William White]” 27 July 1983. Series 4, Box 22, folder: Mail by Month-EOC, July 1983 (3). CA.
437. James Rouse, Speech to the International Council of Shopping Centers, 3 May 1960, 4.
438. “Faneuil Hall Marketplace,” Rouse Company Internal Document, 10 July 1973. CA.
439. Webb Plan, Rouse Papers, undated, ca. 1973. Series 1.5, Box 435, golfrtz; FHM, October-December 1973. CA.
440. Anthony Yuddis, “Boston Market Plans Show Marked Differences,” Boston Globe, 7 January 1973, A-49.
441. “Re: Faneuil Hall Marketplace,” Rouse Company Intra-Office Memorandum, Peyton Cochran to John Nuttle, 21 February 1973. Series 1.5, Box 435, folder: GHM, January-February 1973. CA.
442. Luix Overbea, “BRA Decision Awaited on Markets Project,” Christian Science Monitor, 21 March 1973.
443. “Open the Market Window,” Boston Globe, 8 January 1973.
444. Yuddis, “Not JUST an Opening,” 1.
445. Yuddis, “Boston Market Plans,” A-49.
446. James Rouse, “Are We Losing Our Downtowns by Default?" Speech to the Main Street Revitalization Conference, ca. 1977. CA.
447. Roy Williams, Faneuil Hall Marketplace Memorandum, 10 July 1973. Series 1.5, Box 435, FHM, May-September 1973. CA.
448. “Minutes Design Review,” Rouse Company, 31 October 1973. CA.
449. Tracie Rozhon, “Rouse Wins over Hesitant Boston,” Baltimore Sun, 26 August 1977.
450. Joseph Tierney, Boston City Council, letter sent by Thompson to Rouse, 12 March 1973. CA.
451. James Rouse, Memo, “Faneuil Hall Marketplace: Its Special Meaning and Potential for the Rouse Company,” September 1976. Series 1.5, Box 435, folder: FHM, 1976-1977. CA.
452. “Faneuil Hall Marketplace,” Rouse Company, promotional materials, 1976. CA.
453. Robert Campbell, “Evaluation: Boston’s Upper of Urbanity,” AIA Journal, June 1981, 29.
454. Thompson and Thompson, “Restoration of Faneuil Hall Marketplace.” CA.
455. Jane Davison, “Bringing Life to Market,” New York Times Magazine, 10 October 1976; reprint Eastern Review, February 1977, 14-19.
456. Campbell, 25.
457. James Rouse, Letter to Robert Campbell, 5 October 1981. Series 4, Box 20, folder: Mail by Month, October 1981. CA.
458. Yuddis, “Not JUST an Opening,” 4.
459. “Boston Succeeds in Waterfront Urban Renewal,” Baltimore News American, 12 September 1976.
460. Miller, “The Day the Marketplace Opened,” 1.
461. James Rouse, “Faneuil Hall Marketplace: Its Special Meaning and Potential for the Rouse Company,” September 1976. 8.
462. James Rouse, “Are We Losing Our Downtowns by Default?" Speech to the Main Street Revitalization Conference, ca. 1977. CA.
463. Frieden and Sagalyn, Downtown, Inc., 175.
464. Benjamin and Jane Thompson to the Rouse Company, “Guiding the Future of Faneuil Hall Marketplace,” 5 December 1978. Series 1.5, Box 435, folder FHM-Critiques 1978. CA.
465. Benjamin and Jane Thompson to the Rouse Company, “Guiding the Future of Faneuil Hall Marketplace,” 5 December 1978. Series 1.5, Box 435, folder FHM-Critiques 1978. CA.
466. Davison, “Bringing Life to Market.”
467. Robert Campbell, “The Man Behind Faneuil Hall,” Boston Globe, 5 May 1996, A-3.
468. Ellen Kelly, “Reflections on Historical Ingredients of Baltimore’s Inner Harbor,” late 1970s. Report for The Rouse Company, unpublished. CA.
469. David A. Wallace, “An Insider’s Story of the Inner Harbor,” Planning, September 1979, 21.
470. Martin Millspaugh, Interview with the author, 17 December 2002.
471. Martin Millspaugh, “The Inner Harbor: A Progress Report,” n.d. CA.
472. “Sales Potential Analysis,” Rouse Company, January 1979. CA.
473. Brendan Walsh, “Harborplace and the Poor: Ripoff or Boon,” Baltimore Sun, ca. 1978.
474. David W. Barton, “Stores in the Inner Harbor,” Baltimore Sun, 8 October 1977, A-15.
475. James Rouse to Walter Orlinsky, 28 June 1978. Series 1.5, Box 437, Harborplace, Baltimore, 1978. CA.
476. Michael Wentzel, “City Signs 75-year Harborplace Agreement,” Baltimore Sun, 28 December 1978, C4.
477. Martin Millspaugh, Interview with the author, 17 December 2002.
478. James Rouse to Henry Johnson, 18 April 1978. Series 1.5, Box 437, folder: Harborplace, Baltimore, 1978. CA.
479. “The Look of Harborplace,” Baltimore Sun, n.d.
480. “Harborplace: Downtown Baltimore,” Rouse Company, ca. 1981. CA.
481. James Rouse to William Donald Schaefer, 18 June 1981. CA.
482. Robert Levi to Mathias Devito, undated, and Mathias DeVito to Robert Levi, 23 July 1979. Series 1.5, Box 437, Harborplace, Baltimore, 1978. CA.
483. “The Master Builder Who Rescues Dying Downtowns,” Reader’s Digest, December 1981, 156.
484. Editorial, “Year-Round at the Harbor,” editorial, Baltimore Sun, 2 July 1980.
485. “Jubilation Day at Harbor,” Baltimore Sun, 3 July 1980.
486. “Baltimore Goes National” editorial, Baltimore Sun, 29 June 1980.
487. Rouse Speech, “Make No Little Plans,” 18.
488. Donald Canty, “Baltimore’s Lively Downtown,” AIA Journal, June 1981, 36.
489. Donald Canty, “Baltimore’s Lively Downtown,” AIA Journal, June 1981, 36.
490. Mary Griffin, “Harborplace Succeeds as a ‘People Place,'" Baltimore News American, 3 July 1980, 18-A.
491. Wolf Von Eckardt, “Welcoming Waterfront,” Washington Post, 5 July 1980.
492. Jacques Kelly, “City Markets Remain Charming Treasures,” Baltimore Sun, 16 February 2002, 8-D.
493. Eckardt, “Welcoming Waterfront.” 79.
494. James Rouse, Letter to Robert Campbell, 5 October 1981. CA.
495. Rouse Notes, “Conference on Public Markets,” Seattle, Washington, 8 August 1987. CA.
496. James Rouse to William Hudnut, 8 July 1983. CA.
497. Frieden and Sagalyn, Downtown, Inc., 180-81, 183.
498. Crawford, “The World in a Shopping Mall,” 17.
499. Tony Judt, “Its Own Worst Enemy,” New York Review of Books, 15 August 2002, 8.
500. Peter Dreier, “Labor’s Love Lost/Rebuilding Unions’ Involement in Federal Housing Policy,” Housing Policy Debate 11, no. 3 (Fannie Mae Foundation): 361.
501. Peter Dreier, “Labor’s Love Lost/Rebuilding Unions’ Involement in Federal Housing Policy,” Housing Policy Debate 11, no. 3 (Fannie Mae Foundation): 352.
502. “Housing Policy and the Myth of the Benevolent State,” in Critical Perspectives on Housing, Rachel Brett, Chester Hartmann, and Ann Meyerson, eds. (Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1986).
503. Peter Hogan, The Failure of Planning: Permitting Sprawl in San Diego Suburbs, 1970-1999(Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 2001), passim.
504. Paul Grogran and Tony Proscio, Comeback Cities (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 2000), passim.
505. Charles Noble, Welfare As We Knew It: The Political History of the American Welfare State (New York: Oxford UP, 1997), 12.
506. David Rusk, Cities without Suburbs (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center, 1993)
507. Myron Orfield, American Metropolitics: The New Suburban Reality (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2002).
508. Jon C. Teaford, The Unheralded Triumph: City Government in America, 1870-1900 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1984), 6.
509. Jon Teaford, The Rough Road to Renaissance (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1990)
510. Teaford, The Unheralded Triumph.