Illegal, undocumented, or unauthorized: Equivalency frames, issue frames, and public opinion on immigration

Perspectives on Politics

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 789-807

  Merolla, Jennifer ^a   Ramakrishnan, Karthick ^b   Haynes, Chris ^b  

^a CLAREMONT GRADUATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884601009     PISSN: 15375927     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1537592713002077     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Alarcón, Rafael. 2011. "U.S. Expansionism, Mexican Undocumented Migration, and American Obligations." Perspectives on Politics 9(3): 563-65.
2. Ansolabehere, Stephen. 2006. Guide to the 2006 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. http://hdl.handle.net /1902.1/14002 [Accessed February 20, 2011]
3. Bean, Frank, and Lindsay Lowell. 2007. "Unauthorized Migration." In The New Americans: A Guide to Immigration Since 1965, ed. Waters, Mary, Reed Ueda, and Helen B. Marrow. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4. Berg, Justin Allen. 2009. "White Public Opinion toward Undocumented Immigrants: Threat and Interpersonal Environment." Sociological Perspectives 52(1): 39-58.
5. Bloch, Alice, and Carl Levy, eds. 1999. Refugees, Citizenship, and Social Policy in Europe. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press; New York: St. Martin's Press.
6. Bloemraad, Irene, Anna Korteweg, and Göke Yurdakul. 2008. "Citizenship and Immigration: Multiculturalism, Assimilation, and Challenges to the Nation-State." Annual Review of Sociolog y 34(1): 153-79.
7. Brader, Ted, Nicholas A. Valentino, and Elizabeth Suhay. 2008. "What Triggers Public Opposition to Immigration? Anxiety, Group Cues, and Immigration Threat." American Journal of Political Science 52(4): 959-78.
8. Branton, Regina P., and Johanna Dunaway. 2009. "Spatial Proximity to the U.S.-Mexico Border and Newspaper Coverage of Immigration Issues." Political Research Quarterly 62(2): 289-302.
9. Brubaker, Rogers. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
10. Burns, Peter, and James G. Gimpel. 2000. "Economic Insecurity, Prejudicial Stereotypes, and Public Opinion on Immigration Policy." Political Science Quarterly 115(2): 201-25.
11. Carens, Joseph H. 2010. Immigrants and the Right to Stay. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
12. Chong, Dennis, and James N. Druckman. 2007."Framing Theory." Annual Review of Political Science 10(1): 103-26.
13. Citrin, Jack, Donald P. Green, Christopher Muste, and Cara Wong. 1997. "Public Opinion toward Immigra-tion Reform: The Role of Economic Motivations." Journal of Politics 59(3): 858-81.
14. Citrin, Jack, Beth Reingold, and Donald P. Green. 1990. "American Identity and the Politics of Ethnic Change." Journal of Politics 52(4): 1124-54.
15. Cohen, Elizabeth F. 2009. Semi-Citizenship in Democratic Politics. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
16. -. 2011. "Reconsidering US Immigration Reform: The Temporal Principle of Citizenship." Perspectives on Politics 9(03): 575-83.
17. Colford, Paul. 2013. " 'Illegal Immigrant' No More." The Definitive Source: A Look Inside theWorld's Most Trusted News Organization. [http://blog.ap.org/2013 /04/02/illegal-immigrant-no-more/].
18. ColorLines, and Applied Research Center. 2010. "Drop the I-Word: Don't Call People 'Illegals.' " http:// colorlines.com/droptheiword/#newsupdates [Accessed February 20, 2011].
19. Congressional Budget Office. 2007. The Impact of Unauthorized Immigrants on the Budgets of State and Local Governments. Washington: The Congress of the United States. http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files /cbofiles/ftpdocs/87xx/doc8711/12-6-immigration .pdf [Accessed February 20, 2011].
20. Cox, Tony. 2010. "Center for Immigration Studies Wary of DREAM Act." Tell Me More. June 22.
21. Cullen, Francis T., Bonnie S. Fisher, and Brandon K. Applegate. 2000. "Public Opinion about Punishment and Corrections." Crime and Justice 27: 1-79.
22. Define American. 2012. "About Define American." http://www.defineamerican.com/ [Accessed December 8, 2012].
23. Downes, Lawrence. 2007. "What Part of 'Illegal' Don't You Understand?" New York Times. October 28.
24. Druckman, James N. 2001. "Using Credible Advice to Overcome Framing Effects." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 17(1): 62-82.
25. -. 2004. "Political Preference Formation: Competition, Deliberation, and the (Ir)relevance of Framing Effects."AmericanPolitical ScienceReview 98(4):671-86.
26. Dunaway, Johanna, Regina P. Branton, and Marisa A. Abrajano. 2010. "Agenda Setting, Public Opinion, and the Issue of Immigration Reform." Social Science Quarterly 91(2): 359-78.
27. Ellermann, Antje. 2009. States against Migrants: Deportation in Germany and the United States. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
28. Espenshade, Thomas J., and Charles A. Calhoun. 1993. "An Analysis of Public Opinion toward Undocumented Immigration." Population Research and Policy Review 12(3): 189-224.
29. Fine, Terri Susan. 1992. "The Impact of Issue Framing on Public Opinion: Toward Affirmative Action Programs." Social Science Journal 29(3): 323-34.
30. Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans HateWelfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
31. Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., D. Alex Hughes, and David G. Victor. 2013. "The Cognitive Revolution and the Political Psychology of Elite Decision Making." Perspectives on Politics 11(2): 368-386.
32. Harwood, Edwin. 1986. "American Public Opinion and U. S. Immigration Policy." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 487: 201-12.
33. Heredia, Luisa. 2011. "From Prayer to Protest: The Immigrant Rights Movement and the Catholic Church." In Rallying for Immigrant Rights, ed. Kim Voss and Irene Bloemraad. Berkeley: University of California Press.
34. Hood, M. V., and Irwin L. Morris. 1998. "Give Us Your Tired, Your Poor . . . But Make Sure They Have a Green Card: The Effects of Documented and Undocumented Migrant Context on Anglo Opinion Toward Immigration." Political Behavior 20(1): 1-15.
35. Howard, Marc Morjé. 2009. The Politics of Citizenship in Europe. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
36. Hughes, Michael, and Steven A. Tuch. 2003. "Gender Differences in Whites' Racial Attitudes: Are Women's Attitudes Really More Favorable?" Social Psycholog y Quarterly 66(4): 384-401.
37. Ingraham, Laura. 2010. "Will Lame-Duck Congress Push Through Amnesty?" The O'Reilly Factor. November 18.
38. Inskeep, Steve. 2007. "Sen. Shelby Calls Immigration Bill 'Amnesty' "?NPR. Morning Edition. May 22.
39. Jordan, Miriam. 2011. "Number of Illegal Immigrants Holding Steady at 11 Million." Wall Street Journal. February 1.
40. Kam, Cindy D., and Robert J. Franzese. 2007. Modeling and Interpreting Interactive Hypotheses in Regression Analysis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
41. Kerwin, Donald. 2010. More Than IRCA: U.S. Legalization Programs And The Current Policy Debate. Washington: Migration Policy Institute. http://www .migrationpolicy.org/pubs/legalization-historical.pdf [Accessed May 31, 2013]
42. Klein, Rick. 2007. "Kennedy, McCain Try Again on Immigration: Bill Would Keep Fence, but Ease Way to Citizenship." Boston Globe. February 28.
43. Knoll, Benjamin R. 2009. " 'And Who Is My Neighbor?' Religion and Immigration Policy Attitudes." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 48(2): 313-31.
44. Knoll, Benjamin R., David P. Redlawsk, and Howard Sanborn. 2010. "Framing Labels and Immigration Policy Attitudes in the Iowa Caucuses: 'Trying to Out-Tancredo Tancredo'." Political Behavior 33(3): 433-54.
45. tion Reform: The Role of Economic Motivations." Journal of Politics 59(3): 858-81.
46. Citrin, Jack, Beth Reingold, and Donald P. Green. 1990. "American Identity and the Politics of Ethnic Change." Journal of Politics 52(4): 1124-54.
47. Cohen, Elizabeth F. 2009. Semi-Citizenship in Democratic Politics. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
48. -. 2011. "Reconsidering US Immigration Reform: The Temporal Principle of Citizenship." Perspectives on Politics 9(03): 575-83.
49. Colford, Paul. 2013. " 'Illegal Immigrant' No More." The Definitive Source: A Look Inside theWorld's Most Trusted News Organization. [http://blog.ap.org/2013 /04/02/illegal-immigrant-no-more/]. ColorLines, and Applied Research Center. 2010. "Drop the I-Word: Don't Call People 'Illegals.' " http:// colorlines.com/droptheiword/#newsupdates [Accessed February 20, 2011].
50. Congressional Budget Office. 2007. The Impact of Unauthorized Immigrants on the Budgets of State and Local Governments. Washington: The Congress of the United States. http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files /cbofiles/ftpdocs/87xx/doc8711/12-6-immigration .pdf [Accessed February 20, 2011].
51. Cox, Tony. 2010. "Center for Immigration Studies Wary of DREAM Act." Tell Me More. June 22.
52. Cullen, Francis T., Bonnie S. Fisher, and Brandon K. Applegate. 2000. "Public Opinion about Punishment and Corrections." Crime and Justice 27: 1-79.
53. Define American. 2012. "About Define American." http://www.defineamerican.com/ [Accessed December 8, 2012].
54. Downes, Lawrence. 2007. "What Part of 'Illegal' Don't You Understand?" New York Times. October 28.
55. Druckman, James N. 2001. "Using Credible Advice to Overcome Framing Effects." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 17(1): 62-82.
56. -. 2004. "Political Preference Formation: Competition, Deliberation, and the (Ir)relevance of Framing Effects."AmericanPolitical ScienceReview 98(4):671-86.
57. Dunaway, Johanna, Regina P. Branton, and Marisa A. Abrajano. 2010. "Agenda Setting, Public Opinion, and the Issue of Immigration Reform." Social Science Quarterly 91(2): 359-78.
58. Ellermann, Antje. 2009. States against Migrants: Deportation in Germany and the United States. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
59. Espenshade, Thomas J., and Charles A. Calhoun. 1993."An Analysis of Public Opinion toward Undocumented Immigration." Population Research and Policy Review 12(3): 189-224.
60. Fine, Terri Susan. 1992. "The Impact of Issue Framing on Public Opinion: Toward Affirmative Action Programs." Social Science Journal 29(3): 323-34.
61. Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans HateWelfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
62. Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., D. Alex Hughes, and David G. Victor. 2013. "The Cognitive Revolution and the Political Psychology of Elite Decision Making." Perspectives on Politics 11(2): 368-386.
63. Harwood, Edwin. 1986. "American Public Opinion and U. S. Immigration Policy." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 487: 201-12.
64. Heredia, Luisa. 2011. "From Prayer to Protest: The Immigrant Rights Movement and the Catholic Church." In Rallying for Immigrant Rights, ed. Kim Voss and Irene Bloemraad. Berkeley: University of California Press.
65. Hood, M. V., and Irwin L. Morris. 1998. "Give Us Your Tired, Your Poor . . . But Make Sure They Have a Green Card: The Effects of Documented and Undocumented Migrant Context on Anglo Opinion Toward Immigration." Political Behavior 20(1): 1-15.
66. Howard, Marc Morjé. 2009. The Politics of Citizenship in Europe. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
67. Hughes, Michael, and Steven A. Tuch. 2003. "Gender Differences in Whites' Racial Attitudes: Are Women's Attitudes Really More Favorable?" Social Psycholog y Quarterly 66(4): 384-401.
68. Ingraham, Laura. 2010. "Will Lame-Duck Congress Push Through Amnesty?" The O'Reilly Factor. November 18.
69. Inskeep, Steve. 2007. "Sen. Shelby Calls Immigration Bill 'Amnesty' "?NPR. Morning Edition. May 22.
70. Jordan, Miriam. 2011. "Number of Illegal Immigrants Holding Steady at 11 Million." Wall Street Journal. February 1.
71. Kam, Cindy D., and Robert J. Franzese. 2007. Modeling and Interpreting Interactive Hypotheses in Regression Analysis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
72. Kerwin, Donald. 2010. More Than IRCA: U.S. Legalization Programs And The Current Policy Debate. Washington: Migration Policy Institute. http://www .migrationpolicy.org/pubs/legalization-historical.pdf [Accessed May 31, 2013]
73. Klein, Rick. 2007. "Kennedy, McCain Try Again on Immigration: Bill Would Keep Fence, but Ease Way to Citizenship." Boston Globe. February 28.
74. Knoll, Benjamin R. 2009. " 'And Who Is My Neighbor?' Religion and Immigration Policy Attitudes." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 48(2): 313-31.
75. Knoll, Benjamin R., David P. Redlawsk, and Howard Sanborn. 2010. "Framing Labels and Immigration Policy Attitudes in the Iowa Caucuses: 'Trying to Out-Tancredo Tancredo'." Political Behavior 33(3): 433-54.
76. Simon, Rita J, and Susan H Alexander. 1993. The AmbivalentWelcome: Print Media, Public Opinion, and Immigration. Westport, CT: Praeger.
77. Smith, Rogers M. 2008. "Birthright Citizenship and the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and 2008." University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 11: 1329.
78. -. 2011. "Living in a Promiseland? Mexican Immigration and American Obligations." Perspectives on Politics 9(3): 545-57.
79. Sullivan, Margaret. 2012. "Readers Won't Benefit If Times Bans the Term 'Illegal Immigrant'." New York Times: The Public Editor's Journal Blog. October 2. http://publiceditor.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/02 /readers-wont-benefit-if-times-bans-the-term-illegal-immigrant/ [Accessed October 5, 2012].
80. Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman. 1981. "The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice." Science 211(4481): 453-58.
81. -. 1987. "Rational Choice and the Framing of Decisions." In Rational Choice: The Contrast Between Economics and Psycholog y, eds. Robin M. Hogarth and Melvin Warren Reder. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
82. Vargas, Jose Antonio. 2012. "Immigration Debate: The Problem with the Word Illegal." Time. September 21.
83. Varsanyi, Monica, ed. 2010. Taking Local Control: Immigration Policy Activism in U.S. Cities and States. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
84. Washington Times. 2010. "EDITORIAL: Illegal Aliens Are Illegal and Alien." December 29.
85. Weinger, Mackenzie. 2012. "Vargas to AP, NYT: End 'Illegal Immigrant'." POLITICO. http://www .politico.com/blogs/media/2012/09/vargas-to-ap-nyt-stop-using-illegal-immigrant-136338.html [Accessed May 31, 2013].
86. Wilson, Thomas C. 1996. "Cohort and Prejudice: Whites' Attitudes toward Blacks, Hispanics, Jews, and Asians." Public Opinion Quarterly 60(2): 253-74.
87. Wong, Cara, and Grace Cho. 2006. "Jus Meritum: Citizenship for Service." In Transforming Politics, Transforming America: The Political and Civic Incorporation of Immigrants in the United States, ed. Taeku Lee, S. Karthick Ramakrishnan, and Ricardo Ramírez. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
88. Wong, Tak Kei. 2011. "Immigration Control in the Age of Migration." Riverside, CA: University of California, Riverside. Dissertation.
89. Wong, Janelle, Kathy Rim, and Haven Perez. 2008."Protestant Churches and Conservative Politics: Latinos and Asians in the United States." In Civic Hopes and Political Realities: Immigrants, Community Organizations, and Political Engagement, ed. S. Karthick Ramakrishnan and Irene Bloemraad. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
90. Wright, Matthew, and Irene Bloemraad. 2012. "Is There a Trade-off Between Multiculturalism and Socio-Political Integration? Policy Regimes and Immigrant Incorporation in Comparative Perspective." Perspectives on Politics 10(1): 77-95.
91. Zivkovic, Tanya, Megan Warin, Michael Davies, and Vivienne Moore. 2010. "In the Name of the Child." Journal of Sociolog y 46(4): 375-92.