메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 473-482

MEK inhibition in the treatment of advanced melanoma

Author keywords

BRAF; Genetic mutation; MAPK pathway; MEK; Melanoma; NRAS

Indexed keywords

2 (2 CHLORO 4 IODOANILINO) N CYCLOPROPYLMETHOXY 3,4 DIFLUOROBENZAMIDE; 8 [4 (1 AMINOCYCLOBUTYL)PHENYL] 9 PHENYL 1,2,4 TRIAZOLO[3,4 F][1,6]NAPHTHYRIDIN 3(2H) ONE; ARRY 438162; B RAF KINASE; COBIMETINIB; DABRAFENIB; DACARBAZINE; E 6201; LEE 011; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; N (2,3 DIHYDROXYPROPOXY) 3,4 DIFLUORO 2 (2 FLUORO 4 IODOANILINO)BENZAMIDE; PACLITAXEL; PIMASERTIB; PLACEBO; PROTEIN KINASE C; SELUMETINIB; TEMOZOLOMIDE; TRAMETINIB; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VEMURAFENIB;

EID: 84884597338     PISSN: 15233790     EISSN: 15346269     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-013-0336-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 74949143594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Final version of 2009 AJCC melanoma staging and classification
    • 19917835 10.1200/JCO.2009.23.4799
    • Balch CM, Gershenwald JE, Soong SJ, et al. Final version of 2009 AJCC melanoma staging and classification. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:6199-206.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 6199-6206
    • Balch, C.M.1    Gershenwald, J.E.2    Soong, S.J.3
  • 2
    • 77954801079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • 20525992 10.1056/NEJMoa1003466 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVCrtrbN
    • Hodi FS, O'Day SJ, McDermott DF, et al. improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:711-23.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 711-723
    • Hodi, F.S.1    O'Day, S.J.2    McDermott, D.F.3
  • 3
    • 79959795786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation
    • 21639808 10.1056/NEJMoa1103782 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXosVeitbs%3D ••This study demonstrated the survival advantage of vemurafenib over dacarbaizine in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring a V600E BRAF mutation
    • •• Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, et al. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2507-16. ••This study demonstrated the survival advantage of vemurafenib over dacarbaizine in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring a V600E BRAF mutation.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 2507-2516
    • Chapman, P.B.1    Hauschild, A.2    Robert, C.3
  • 4
    • 84864285704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: A multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial
    • 22735384 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60868-X 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xpt1SgtLg%3D This study demonstrated the survival advantage of dabrafenib, a selective BRAF inhibitor, over dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring a V600 BRAF mutation
    • • Hauschild A, Grob JJ, Demidov LV, et al. Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;380:358-65. This study demonstrated the survival advantage of dabrafenib, a selective BRAF inhibitor, over dacarbazine in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring a V600 BRAF mutation.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 358-365
    • Hauschild, A.1    Grob, J.J.2    Demidov, L.V.3
  • 5
    • 34248583886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MAP kinase signalling pathways in cancer
    • 17496922 10.1038/sj.onc.1210421 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlt1WktLc%3D
    • Dhillon AS, Hagan S, Rath O, Kolch W. MAP kinase signalling pathways in cancer. Oncogene. 2007;26:3279-90.
    • (2007) Oncogene , vol.26 , pp. 3279-3290
    • Dhillon, A.S.1    Hagan, S.2    Rath, O.3    Kolch, W.4
  • 6
    • 18444374405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer
    • 12068308 10.1038/nature00766 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkvVagsLo%3D This is the first report demonstrating the frequency of BRAF mutations and the functional relevance of V600E BRAF mutation in cancer, including melanoma
    • •• Davies H, Bignell GR, Cox C, et al. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature. 2002;417:949-54. This is the first report demonstrating the frequency of BRAF mutations and the functional relevance of V600E BRAF mutation in cancer, including melanoma.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 949-954
    • Davies, H.1    Bignell, G.R.2    Cox, C.3
  • 7
    • 27844567142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct sets of genetic alterations in melanoma
    • 16291983 10.1056/NEJMoa050092 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1ajtLjP
    • Curtin JA, Fridlyand J, Kageshita T, et al. Distinct sets of genetic alterations in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2135-47.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2135-2147
    • Curtin, J.A.1    Fridlyand, J.2    Kageshita, T.3
  • 8
    • 79953723136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequencies of BRAF and NRAS mutations are different in histological types and sites of origin of cutaneous melanoma: A meta-analysis
    • 21166657 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10185.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXnt1entLc%3D
    • Lee JH, Choi JW, Kim YS. Frequencies of BRAF and NRAS mutations are different in histological types and sites of origin of cutaneous melanoma: a meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164:776-84.
    • (2011) Br J Dermatol , vol.164 , pp. 776-784
    • Lee, J.H.1    Choi, J.W.2    Kim, Y.S.3
  • 9
    • 34547209343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in cell growth, malignant transformation and drug resistance
    • 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.10.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXosFyksbk%3D
    • McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH, et al. Roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in cell growth, malignant transformation and drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) - Mol Cell Res. 2007;1773:1263-84.
    • (2007) Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) - Mol Cell Res , vol.1773 , pp. 1263-1284
    • McCubrey, J.A.1    Steelman, L.S.2    Chappell, W.H.3
  • 10
    • 16844362816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutant V599EB-Raf regulates growth and vascular development of malignant melanoma tumors
    • 15781657 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2423 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXisFGns7Y%3D
    • Sharma A, Trivedi NR, Zimmerman MA, et al. Mutant V599EB-Raf regulates growth and vascular development of malignant melanoma tumors. Cancer Res. 2005;65:2412-21.
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 2412-2421
    • Sharma, A.1    Trivedi, N.R.2    Zimmerman, M.A.3
  • 11
    • 33745925864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF somatic mutations in malignant melanoma and melanocytic naevi
    • 16567964 10.1097/01.cmr.0000215035.38436.87 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XivFSiurY%3D
    • Thomas NE. BRAF somatic mutations in malignant melanoma and melanocytic naevi. Melanoma Res. 2006;16:97-103.
    • (2006) Melanoma Res , vol.16 , pp. 97-103
    • Thomas, N.E.1
  • 12
    • 84862584008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing clinicopathologic features of patients with V600E and V600K BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma
    • 22535154 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0052 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xos1OltLg%3D
    • Menzies AM, Haydu LE, Visintin L, et al. Distinguishing clinicopathologic features of patients with V600E and V600K BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:3242-9.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 3242-3249
    • Menzies, A.M.1    Haydu, L.E.2    Visintin, L.3
  • 13
    • 5444227865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guilty as charged: B-RAF is a human oncogene
    • 15488754 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.09.022 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXpsF2rt7s%3D
    • Garnett MJ, Marais R. Guilty as charged: B-RAF is a human oncogene. Cancer Cell. 2004;6:313-9.
    • (2004) Cancer Cell , vol.6 , pp. 313-319
    • Garnett, M.J.1    Marais, R.2
  • 14
    • 4944249117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis
    • 15466206 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1443 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXotFalsbk%3D
    • Wilhelm SM, Carter C, Tang L, et al. BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 2004;64:7099-109.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 7099-7109
    • Wilhelm, S.M.1    Carter, C.2    Tang, L.3
  • 15
    • 67649909568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma
    • 19349552 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.7636 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXosVehs7g%3D
    • Hauschild A, Agarwala SS, Trefzer U, et al. Results of a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:2823-30.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 2823-2830
    • Hauschild, A.1    Agarwala, S.S.2    Trefzer, U.3
  • 16
    • 73349121946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II Trial of Temozolomide and Sorafenib in Advanced Melanoma Patients with or without Brain Metastases
    • 19996224 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2074 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFGgurjJ
    • Amaravadi RK, Schuchter LM, McDermott DF, et al. Phase II Trial of Temozolomide and Sorafenib in Advanced Melanoma Patients with or without Brain Metastases. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15:7711-8.
    • (2009) Clin Cancer Res , vol.15 , pp. 7711-7718
    • Amaravadi, R.K.1    Schuchter, L.M.2    McDermott, D.F.3
  • 17
    • 78650824497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II trial of sorafenib in metastatic melanoma with tissue correlates
    • 21206909 10.1371/journal.pone.0015588 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXktlSktQ%3D%3D
    • Ott PA, Hamilton A, Min C, et al. A phase II trial of sorafenib in metastatic melanoma with tissue correlates. PLoS One. 2010;5:e15588.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5 , pp. 15588
    • Ott, P.A.1    Hamilton, A.2    Min, C.3
  • 18
    • 55749088393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical overview of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that targets both Raf and VEGF and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase signaling
    • 18852116 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0013 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1ensLfE
    • Wilhelm SM, Adnane L, Newell P, et al. Preclinical overview of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that targets both Raf and VEGF and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008;7:3129-40.
    • (2008) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.7 , pp. 3129-3140
    • Wilhelm, S.M.1    Adnane, L.2    Newell, P.3
  • 19
    • 77956513286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of a RAF inhibitor needs broad target blockade in BRAF-mutant melanoma
    • 20823850 10.1038/nature09454 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1ajtbfK This is a report describing the clinical development and the mechanism of action of vemurafenib
    • • Bollag G, Hirth P, Tsai J, et al. Clinical efficacy of a RAF inhibitor needs broad target blockade in BRAF-mutant melanoma. Nature. 2010;467:596-9. This is a report describing the clinical development and the mechanism of action of vemurafenib.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.467 , pp. 596-599
    • Bollag, G.1    Hirth, P.2    Tsai, J.3
  • 20
    • 84865068182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated overall survival (OS) results for BRIM-3, a phase III randomized, open-label, multicenter trial comparing BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib (vem) with dacarbazine (DTIC) in previously untreated patients with BRAFV600E-mutated melanoma
    • abstr 8502. Presented at the Amercian Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA; June 1-5, 2012
    • Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, et al. Updated overall survival (OS) results for BRIM-3, a phase III randomized, open-label, multicenter trial comparing BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib (vem) with dacarbazine (DTIC) in previously untreated patients with BRAFV600E-mutated melanoma. J Clin Oncol 30, 2012 (suppl; abstr 8502). Presented at the Amercian Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA; June 1-5, 2012.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.30 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Chapman, P.B.1    Hauschild, A.2    Robert, C.3
  • 21
    • 78650303507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanomas acquire resistance to B-RAF(V600E) inhibition by RTK or N-RAS upregulation
    • 21107323 10.1038/nature09626 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVOrsbjI
    • Nazarian R, Shi H, Wang Q, et al. Melanomas acquire resistance to B-RAF(V600E) inhibition by RTK or N-RAS upregulation. Nature. 2010;468:973-7.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.468 , pp. 973-977
    • Nazarian, R.1    Shi, H.2    Wang, Q.3
  • 22
    • 83555168566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analyses from a phase i trial of vemurafenib to study mechanism of action (MOA) and resistance in repeated biopsies from BRAF mutation-positive metastatic melanoma patients (pts)
    • abstr 8502
    • McArthur GA, Ribas A, P. B. Chapman, et al. Molecular analyses from a phase I trial of vemurafenib to study mechanism of action (MOA) and resistance in repeated biopsies from BRAF mutation-positive metastatic melanoma patients (pts). J Clin Oncol 29: 2011 (suppl; abstr 8502) 2011.
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol , vol.29 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 2011
    • McArthur, G.A.1    Ribas, A.2    Chapman, P.B.3
  • 23
    • 84859462561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor genetic analyses of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with the BRAF inhibitor GSK2118436 (GSK436)
    • (suppl; abstr 8501)
    • Nathanson KL, A. Martin, R. Letrero, et al. Tumor genetic analyses of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with the BRAF inhibitor GSK2118436 (GSK436). J Clin Oncol 29: 2011 (suppl; abstr 8501).
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol , vol.29
    • Nathanson, K.L.1    Martin, A.2    Letrero, R.3
  • 24
    • 74849109743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinase-dead BRAF and oncogenic RAS cooperate to drive tumor progression through CRAF
    • 20141835 10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.040 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXkvVWitL0%3D
    • Heidorn SJ, Milagre C, Whittaker S, et al. Kinase-dead BRAF and oncogenic RAS cooperate to drive tumor progression through CRAF. Cell. 2010;140:209-21.
    • (2010) Cell , vol.140 , pp. 209-221
    • Heidorn, S.J.1    Milagre, C.2    Whittaker, S.3
  • 25
    • 49649118852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated CRAF as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma
    • 18559533 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6787 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXnt1ejsbs%3D
    • Montagut C, Sharma SV, Shioda T, et al. Elevated CRAF as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma. Cancer Res. 2008;68:4853-61.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 4853-4861
    • Montagut, C.1    Sharma, S.V.2    Shioda, T.3
  • 26
    • 78751648455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperactivation of MEK-ERK1/2 signaling and resistance to apoptosis induced by the oncogenic B-RAF inhibitor, PLX4720, in mutant N-RAS melanoma cells
    • 20818433 10.1038/onc.2010.408 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFWksrrO
    • Kaplan FM, Shao Y, Mayberry MM, Aplin AE. Hyperactivation of MEK-ERK1/2 signaling and resistance to apoptosis induced by the oncogenic B-RAF inhibitor, PLX4720, in mutant N-RAS melanoma cells. Oncogene. 2011;30:366-71.
    • (2011) Oncogene , vol.30 , pp. 366-371
    • Kaplan, F.M.1    Shao, Y.2    Mayberry, M.M.3    Aplin, A.E.4
  • 27
    • 73949083834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEK1 mutations confer resistance to MEK and B-RAF inhibition
    • 19915144 10.1073/pnas.0905833106 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjtFWjtA%3D%3D
    • Emery CM, Vijayendran KG, Zipser MC, et al. MEK1 mutations confer resistance to MEK and B-RAF inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:20411-6.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 20411-20416
    • Emery, C.M.1    Vijayendran, K.G.2    Zipser, M.C.3
  • 28
    • 78650309875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COT drives resistance to RAF inhibition through MAP kinase pathway reactivation
    • 21107320 10.1038/nature09627 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVOrsLvP
    • Johannessen CM, Boehm JS, Kim SY, et al. COT drives resistance to RAF inhibition through MAP kinase pathway reactivation. Nature. 2010;468:968-72.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.468 , pp. 968-972
    • Johannessen, C.M.1    Boehm, J.S.2    Kim, S.Y.3
  • 29
    • 84879496934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic effects and mechanisms of resistance to vemurafenib in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • 23569304 10.1200/JCO.2012.44.7888 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXptVOrt7c%3D
    • Trunzer K, Pavlick AC, Schuchter L, et al. Pharmacodynamic effects and mechanisms of resistance to vemurafenib in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:1767-74.
    • (2013) J Clin Oncol , vol.31 , pp. 1767-1774
    • Trunzer, K.1    Pavlick, A.C.2    Schuchter, L.3
  • 30
    • 84863673204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma
    • 22663011 10.1056/NEJMoa1203421 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtFKjs7zN This study demonstrated the survival advantage of trametinib over cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring a BRAF mutation
    • •• Flaherty KT, Robert C, Hersey P, et al. Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:107-14. This study demonstrated the survival advantage of trametinib over cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring a BRAF mutation.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 107-114
    • Flaherty, K.T.1    Robert, C.2    Hersey, P.3
  • 31
    • 23944439944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase i and pharmacodynamic study of the oral MEK inhibitor CI-1040 in patients with advanced malignancies
    • 16009947 10.1200/JCO.2005.14.415 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpslOrtL8%3D
    • Lorusso PM, Adjei AA, Varterasian M, et al. Phase I and pharmacodynamic study of the oral MEK inhibitor CI-1040 in patients with advanced malignancies. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:5281-93.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 5281-5293
    • Lorusso, P.M.1    Adjei, A.A.2    Varterasian, M.3
  • 32
    • 0032984348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of the MAP kinase pathway suppresses growth of colon tumors in vivo
    • 10395327 10.1038/10533 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXksVCrs7k%3D
    • Sebolt-Leopold JS, Dudley DT, Herrera R, et al. Blockade of the MAP kinase pathway suppresses growth of colon tumors in vivo. Nat Med. 1999;5:810-6.
    • (1999) Nat Med , vol.5 , pp. 810-816
    • Sebolt-Leopold, J.S.1    Dudley, D.T.2    Herrera, R.3
  • 33
    • 0242468891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CI-1040 (PD184352), a targeted signal transduction inhibitor of MEK (MAPKK)
    • 14613031 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2003.08.012 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVSjtrvL
    • Allen LF, Sebolt-Leopold J, Meyer MB. CI-1040 (PD184352), a targeted signal transduction inhibitor of MEK (MAPKK). Semin Oncol. 2003;30:105-16.
    • (2003) Semin Oncol , vol.30 , pp. 105-116
    • Allen, L.F.1    Sebolt-Leopold, J.2    Meyer, M.B.3
  • 34
    • 14844285975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter phase II study of the oral MEK inhibitor, CI-1040, in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung, breast, colon, and pancreatic cancer
    • 15483017 10.1200/JCO.2004.01.185 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFWqt77L
    • Rinehart J, Adjei AA, Lorusso PM, et al. Multicenter phase II study of the oral MEK inhibitor, CI-1040, in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung, breast, colon, and pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:4456-62.
    • (2004) J Clin Oncol , vol.22 , pp. 4456-4462
    • Rinehart, J.1    Adjei, A.A.2    Lorusso, P.M.3
  • 35
    • 33847119189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biological profile of PD-0325901: A second generation analog of CI-1040 with improved pharmaceutical potential [abstract]
    • Orlando, FL, USA; March 27-31
    • Sebolt-Leopold J, Merriman R, Omer C. The biological profile of PD-0325901: a second generation analog of CI-1040 with improved pharmaceutical potential [abstract]. Presented at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA; March 27-31, 2004.
    • (2004) American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting
    • Sebolt-Leopold, J.1    Merriman, R.2    Omer, C.3
  • 36
    • 33847095086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic and toxicokinetic evaluation of the novel MEK inhibitor, PD0325901, in the rat following oral and intravenous administration
    • 16944149 10.1007/s00280-006-0323-5 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhvVeitbY%3D
    • Brown AP, Carlson TC, Loi CM, Graziano MJ. Pharmacodynamic and toxicokinetic evaluation of the novel MEK inhibitor, PD0325901, in the rat following oral and intravenous administration. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2007;59:671-9.
    • (2007) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.59 , pp. 671-679
    • Brown, A.P.1    Carlson, T.C.2    Loi, C.M.3    Graziano, M.J.4
  • 37
    • 77949766280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase i pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor PD-0325901 in patients with advanced cancers
    • 20215549 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-1883 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjtFyhurk%3D
    • LoRusso PM, Krishnamurthi SS, Rinehart JJ, et al. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor PD-0325901 in patients with advanced cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16:1924-37.
    • (2010) Clin Cancer Res , vol.16 , pp. 1924-1937
    • Lorusso, P.M.1    Krishnamurthi, S.S.2    Rinehart, J.J.3
  • 38
    • 77951016969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II study of PD-0325901, an oral MEK inhibitor, in previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
    • 20332327 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-1920 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXkslSlsbo%3D
    • Haura EB, Ricart AD, Larson TG, et al. A phase II study of PD-0325901, an oral MEK inhibitor, in previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16:2450-7.
    • (2010) Clin Cancer Res , vol.16 , pp. 2450-2457
    • Haura, E.B.1    Ricart, A.D.2    Larson, T.G.3
  • 39
    • 79960921963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilot study of PD-0325901 in previously treated patients with advanced melanoma, breast cancer, and colon cancer
    • 21516509 10.1007/s00280-011-1620-1 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXpsFGnsL0%3D
    • Boasberg PD, Redfern CH, Daniels GA, et al. Pilot study of PD-0325901 in previously treated patients with advanced melanoma, breast cancer, and colon cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2011;68:547-52.
    • (2011) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol , vol.68 , pp. 547-552
    • Boasberg, P.D.1    Redfern, C.H.2    Daniels, G.A.3
  • 40
    • 33947401129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological characterization of ARRY-142886 (AZD6244), a potent, highly selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor
    • 17332304 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1150 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXitlSjtLg%3D
    • Yeh TC, Marsh V, Bernat BA, et al. Biological characterization of ARRY-142886 (AZD6244), a potent, highly selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:1576-83.
    • (2007) Clin Cancer Res , vol.13 , pp. 1576-1583
    • Yeh, T.C.1    Marsh, V.2    Bernat, B.A.3
  • 41
    • 84884587092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) inhibits the growth of melanomas harboring the BRAFV600E mutation in vitro and in vivo
    • Los Angeles, CA, USA; April 14-18
    • Haass N, Smalley K, Sproesser K, et al. The novel MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) inhibits the growth of melanomas harboring the BRAFV600E mutation in vitro and in vivo. Presented at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting. Los Angeles, CA, USA; April 14-18, 2007.
    • (2007) American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting
    • Haass, N.1    Smalley, K.2    Sproesser, K.3
  • 42
    • 43749103335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase i pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral, small-molecule mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in patients with advanced cancers
    • 18390968 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.4956 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXms1OrtL8%3D This study evaluated the safety of selumetinib and demonstrated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect of selumetinib for the first time in human
    • • Adjei AA, Cohen RB, Franklin W, et al. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the oral, small-molecule mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in patients with advanced cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:2139-46. This study evaluated the safety of selumetinib and demonstrated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effect of selumetinib for the first time in human.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 2139-2146
    • Adjei, A.A.1    Cohen, R.B.2    Franklin, W.3
  • 43
    • 84856009717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II, open-label, randomized trial of the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib as monotherapy versus temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma
    • 22048237 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-1491 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVGqs70%3D
    • Kirkwood JM, Bastholt L, Robert C, et al. Phase II, open-label, randomized trial of the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib as monotherapy versus temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:555-67.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 555-567
    • Kirkwood, J.M.1    Bastholt, L.2    Robert, C.3
  • 44
    • 77649137632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first-in-human study of the hydrogen sulfate (Hyd-sulfate) capsule of the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886): A phase i open-label multicenter trial in patients with advanced cancer
    • 20179232 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2483 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXisFSisLY%3D
    • Banerji U, Camidge DR, Verheul HM, et al. The first-in-human study of the hydrogen sulfate (Hyd-sulfate) capsule of the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886): a phase I open-label multicenter trial in patients with advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16:1613-23.
    • (2010) Clin Cancer Res , vol.16 , pp. 1613-1623
    • Banerji, U.1    Camidge, D.R.2    Verheul, H.M.3
  • 45
    • 84873411306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical responses to selumetinib (AZD6244; ARRY-142886)-based combination therapy stratified by gene mutations in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • 22972589 10.1002/cncr.27790 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXitVOhs7s%3D
    • Patel SP, Lazar AJ, Papadopoulos NE, et al. Clinical responses to selumetinib (AZD6244; ARRY-142886)-based combination therapy stratified by gene mutations in patients with metastatic melanoma. Cancer. 2013;119:799-805.
    • (2013) Cancer , vol.119 , pp. 799-805
    • Patel, S.P.1    Lazar, A.J.2    Papadopoulos, N.E.3
  • 46
    • 84884588982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II double-blind, randomized study of selumetinib (SEL) plus dacarbazine (DTIC) versus placebo (PBO) plus DTIC as first-line treatment for advanced BRAF-mutant cutaneous or unknown primary melanoma
    • (suppl; abstr 9004)
    • Middleton MR, Dummer R, Gutzmer R, et al. Phase II double-blind, randomized study of selumetinib (SEL) plus dacarbazine (DTIC) versus placebo (PBO) plus DTIC as first-line treatment for advanced BRAF-mutant cutaneous or unknown primary melanoma. J Clin Oncol 31, 2013 (suppl; abstr 9004).
    • (2013) J Clin Oncol , vol.31
    • Middleton, M.R.1    Dummer, R.2    Gutzmer, R.3
  • 47
    • 79952261716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GSK1120212 (JTP-74057) is an inhibitor of MEK activity and activation with favorable pharmacokinetic properties for sustained in vivo pathway inhibition
    • 21245089 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXis1eit7k%3D
    • Gilmartin AG, Bleam MR, Groy A, et al. GSK1120212 (JTP-74057) is an inhibitor of MEK activity and activation with favorable pharmacokinetic properties for sustained in vivo pathway inhibition. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:989-1000.
    • (2011) Clin Cancer Res , vol.17 , pp. 989-1000
    • Gilmartin, A.G.1    Bleam, M.R.2    Groy, A.3
  • 48
    • 84864340896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and efficacy data for the oral MEK inhibitor trametinib: A phase 1 dose-escalation trial
    • 22805291 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70270-X 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtFajsLvP This article describes the safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data of trametinib in a phase I study
    • • Infante JR, Fecher LA, Falchook GS, et al. Safety, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and efficacy data for the oral MEK inhibitor trametinib: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:773-81. This article describes the safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data of trametinib in a phase I study.
    • (2012) Lancet Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 773-781
    • Infante, J.R.1    Fecher, L.A.2    Falchook, G.S.3
  • 49
    • 84864371119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of the oral MEK inhibitor trametinib in patients with advanced melanoma: A phase 1 dose-escalation trial
    • 22805292 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70269-3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtFajsLjF This article describes preliminary clinical efficacy of trametinib in patients with advanced melanoma harboring various genetic mutations
    • • Falchook GS, Lewis KD, Infante JR, et al. Activity of the oral MEK inhibitor trametinib in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:782-9. This article describes preliminary clinical efficacy of trametinib in patients with advanced melanoma harboring various genetic mutations.
    • (2012) Lancet Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 782-789
    • Falchook, G.S.1    Lewis, K.D.2    Infante, J.R.3
  • 50
    • 84859455374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Phase II study of the MEK1/MEK2 inhibitor GSK1120212 in metastatic BRAF V600E or K mutant cutaneous melanoma patients previously treated with or without a BRAF inhibitor
    • (Abst. LBA 1021-1023). This study reported that the clinical efficacy of trametinib in patients with advanced melanoma harboring V600E/K BRAF mutation who were previously treated with a BRAF inhibitor is only minimal
    • •• Kim KB, Lewis K, Pavlick AC, et al. A Phase II study of the MEK1/MEK2 inhibitor GSK1120212 in metastatic BRAF V600E or K mutant cutaneous melanoma patients previously treated with or without a BRAF inhibitor. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research 2011; 24(5):1021 (Abst. LBA 1021-1023). This study reported that the clinical efficacy of trametinib in patients with advanced melanoma harboring V600E/K BRAF mutation who were previously treated with a BRAF inhibitor is only minimal.
    • (2011) Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 1021
    • Kim, K.B.1    Lewis, K.2    Pavlick, A.C.3
  • 51
    • 33749021085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic activation of KIT in distinct subtypes of melanoma
    • 16908931 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.2984 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVGju7bM
    • Curtin JA, Busam K, Pinkel D, Bastian BC. Somatic activation of KIT in distinct subtypes of melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4340-6.
    • (2006) J Clin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 4340-4346
    • Curtin, J.A.1    Busam, K.2    Pinkel, D.3    Bastian, B.C.4
  • 52
    • 84884586594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEK162 (ARRY-162), a Novel MEK 1/2 Inhibitor, Inhibits Tumor Growth Regardless of KRas/Raf Pathway Mutations
    • Berlin, Germany; Nov 16-19
    • Winski S, Anderson D, Bouhana K, et al. MEK162 (ARRY-162), a Novel MEK 1/2 Inhibitor, Inhibits Tumor Growth Regardless of KRas/Raf Pathway Mutations. Presented at the Proc AACR-NCI-EORTC Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics, Berlin, Germany; Nov 16-19 2010.
    • (2010) Proc AACR-NCI-EORTC Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics
    • Winski, S.1    Anderson, D.2    Bouhana, K.3
  • 53
    • 84884590787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study of MEK Inhibitor MEK162 (ARRY-438162) in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors [abstr B243]
    • San Francisco, CA, USA; Nov 12-15
    • Bendell J, Papadopoulos K, Jones S, et al. A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study of MEK Inhibitor MEK162 (ARRY-438162) in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors [abstr B243]. Presented at the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA; Nov 12-15, 2011.
    • (2011) AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics
    • Bendell, J.1    Papadopoulos, K.2    Jones, S.3
  • 54
    • 84875235432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEK162 for patients with advanced melanoma harbouring NRAS or Val600 BRAF mutations: A non-randomised, open-label phase 2 study
    • 23414587 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70024-X 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXisVyjsbw%3D This study demonstrated the clinical efficacy of MEK162 in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring a NRAS or BRAF mutation
    • •• Ascierto PA, Schadendorf D, Berking C, et al. MEK162 for patients with advanced melanoma harbouring NRAS or Val600 BRAF mutations: a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14:249-56. This study demonstrated the clinical efficacy of MEK162 in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring a NRAS or BRAF mutation.
    • (2013) Lancet Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 249-256
    • Ascierto, P.A.1    Schadendorf, D.2    Berking, C.3
  • 55
    • 84861771818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical studies using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling: An analysis of GDC-0973, a MEK inhibitor
    • 22496205 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0445 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XnvVOgtbg%3D
    • Wong H, Vernillet L, Peterson A, et al. Bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical studies using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling: an analysis of GDC-0973, a MEK inhibitor. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:3090-9.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 3090-3099
    • Wong, H.1    Vernillet, L.2    Peterson, A.3
  • 56
    • 84884587154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A first-in-human phase 1 study to evaluate the MEK 1/2 inhibitor GDC-0973 administered daily in patients with advanced solid tumors [abstract 4716]
    • Orlando, FL, USA; April 2-6
    • Rosen L, LoRusso P, Ma WW, et al. A first-in-human phase 1 study to evaluate the MEK 1/2 inhibitor GDC-0973 administered daily in patients with advanced solid tumors [abstract 4716]. Presented at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA; April 2-6, 2011.
    • (2011) American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting
    • Rosen, L.1    Lorusso, P.2    Ma, W.W.3
  • 57
    • 84867019275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to the MEK inhibitor E6201 in melanoma cells is associated with mutant BRAF and wildtype PTEN status
    • 23039341 10.1186/1476-4598-11-75 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXitlSmtr8%3D
    • Byron SA, Loch DC, Wellens CL, et al. Sensitivity to the MEK inhibitor E6201 in melanoma cells is associated with mutant BRAF and wildtype PTEN status. Mol Cancer. 2012;11:75.
    • (2012) Mol Cancer , vol.11 , pp. 75
    • Byron, S.A.1    Loch, D.C.2    Wellens, C.L.3
  • 58
    • 84884593654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First-in-human phase i safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis of the oral MEK-inhibitor AS703026 (two regimens [R]) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors [ abstr 2504]
    • Chicago, IL, USA; June 4-8
    • Delord J, Houede N, Awada A, et al. First-in-human phase I safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis of the oral MEK-inhibitor AS703026 (two regimens [R]) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors [ abstr 2504]. Presented at the Amercian Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA; June 4-8, 2010.
    • (2010) Amercian Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting
    • Delord, J.1    Houede, N.2    Awada, A.3
  • 59
    • 80053154225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I/II study to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of the oral MEK 1/2 inhibitor GSK1120212 (GSK212) dosed in combination with the oral BRAF inhibitor GSK2118436 (GSK436) [abstr CRA8503]
    • Chicago, IL, USA; June 3-7
    • Infante JR, G. S. Falchook, D. P. Lawrence, et al. Phase I/II study to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of the oral MEK 1/2 inhibitor GSK1120212 (GSK212) dosed in combination with the oral BRAF inhibitor GSK2118436 (GSK436) [abstr CRA8503]. Presented at the Amercian Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA; June 3-7, 2011.
    • (2011) Amercian Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting
    • Infante, J.R.1    Falchook, G.S.2    Lawrence, D.P.3
  • 60
    • 84868224906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations
    • 23020132 10.1056/NEJMoa1210093 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1eksLrJ This article describes the reduced frequency of the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma/keratoacanthoma and the superior clinical efficacy of the combination of a BRAF inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor over a BRAF inhibitor alone
    • •• Flaherty KT, Infante JR, Daud A, et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1694-703. This article describes the reduced frequency of the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma/keratoacanthoma and the superior clinical efficacy of the combination of a BRAF inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor over a BRAF inhibitor alone.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 1694-1703
    • Flaherty, K.T.1    Infante, J.R.2    Daud, A.3
  • 61
    • 84882969831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of phase 1B combined BRAF and MEK inhibition with vemurafenib (vem) and GDC-0973 in patients (pts) with BRAFV600 advanced melanoma and establishing a phase III dose
    • (abstract). Presented at the Society for Melanoma Research 2012 Congress. Hollywood, CA, United States; November 8-11, 2012
    • Ribas A, Lewis K, Pavlick AC, et al. Results of phase 1B combined BRAF and MEK inhibition with vemurafenib (vem) and GDC-0973 in patients (pts) with BRAFV600 advanced melanoma and establishing a phase III dose. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 25:881 (abstract). Presented at the Society for Melanoma Research 2012 Congress. Hollywood, CA, United States; November 8-11, 2012.
    • Pigment Cell Melanoma Res , vol.25 , pp. 881
    • Ribas, A.1    Lewis, K.2    Pavlick, A.C.3
  • 62
    • 84877092892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II Trial of MEK Inhibitor Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) in Patients with BRAFV600E/K-Mutated Melanoma
    • 2013
    • Catalanotti F, Solit DB, Pulitzer MP, et al. Phase II Trial of MEK Inhibitor Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) in Patients with BRAFV600E/K-Mutated Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2013.
    • Clin Cancer Res
    • Catalanotti, F.1    Solit, D.B.2    Pulitzer, M.P.3
  • 63
    • 78649729548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination treatment with MEK and AKT inhibitors is more effective than each drug alone in human non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo
    • 21124782 10.1371/journal.pone.0014124 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFejsr3F
    • Meng J, Dai B, Fang B, et al. Combination treatment with MEK and AKT inhibitors is more effective than each drug alone in human non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One. 2010;5:e14124.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5 , pp. 14124
    • Meng, J.1    Dai, B.2    Fang, B.3
  • 64
    • 84870289371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic NRAS signaling differentially regulates survival and proliferation in melanoma
    • 22983396 10.1038/nm.2941 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtlCqtbrI
    • Kwong LN, Costello JC, Liu H, et al. Oncogenic NRAS signaling differentially regulates survival and proliferation in melanoma. Nat Med. 2012;18:1503-10.
    • (2012) Nat Med , vol.18 , pp. 1503-1510
    • Kwong, L.N.1    Costello, J.C.2    Liu, H.3
  • 65
    • 0037542842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of uveal melanoma in the United States: 1973-1997
    • 12750097 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00078-2
    • Singh AD, Topham A. Incidence of uveal melanoma in the United States: 1973-1997. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:956-61.
    • (2003) Ophthalmology , vol.110 , pp. 956-961
    • Singh, A.D.1    Topham, A.2
  • 66
    • 59049107421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent somatic mutations of GNAQ in uveal melanoma and blue naevi
    • 19078957 10.1038/nature07586
    • Van Raamsdonk CD, Bezrookove V, Green G, et al. Frequent somatic mutations of GNAQ in uveal melanoma and blue naevi. Nature. 2009;457:599-602.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.457 , pp. 599-602
    • Van Raamsdonk, C.D.1    Bezrookove, V.2    Green, G.3
  • 67
    • 78651446131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in GNA11 in uveal melanoma
    • 21083380 10.1056/NEJMoa1000584
    • Van Raamsdonk CD, Griewank KG, Crosby MB, et al. Mutations in GNA11 in uveal melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2191-9.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 2191-2199
    • Van Raamsdonk, C.D.1    Griewank, K.G.2    Crosby, M.B.3
  • 68
    • 84879715898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II study of selumetinib versus temozolomide in gnaq/Gna11 mutant uveal melanoma
    • abstr CRA9003
    • Carvajal RD, Sosman JA, Quevedo F, Milhem MM, Joshua AM, Kudchadkar RR, et al. Phase II study of selumetinib versus temozolomide in gnaq/Gna11 mutant uveal melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31 Suppl; abstr CRA9003.
    • (2013) J Clin Oncol , vol.31 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Carvajal, R.D.1    Sosman, J.A.2    Quevedo, F.3    Milhem, M.M.4    Joshua, A.M.5    Kudchadkar, R.R.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.