Essentials of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disease

A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 491-507

  Crean, Peter ^a   Hicks, Elaine ^a  

^a ROYAL BELFAST HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884435285     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-141603134-5.50026-3     Document Type: Chapter

References (112)

1. Aicardi J Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood 1998, Mac Keith Press, London. 2nd ed.
2. Alderson P, Sutcliffe K, Curtis K Children as partners with adults in their medical care. Arch Dis Child 2006, 91:300-303. Epub 2006; Jan 6.
3. Chinnery PF, Howell N, Andrews RM, Turnbull DM Clinical mitochondrial genetics. J Med Genet 1999, 36:425-436.
4. Dubowitz V Muscle Disorders in Childhood 1978, WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
5. Emery AEH The Muscular Dystrophies 2001, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
6. Klinger W, Lehmann-Horn F, Jurgat-Rott K Complications of anaesthesia in neuromuscular disorders. Neuromuscul Disord 2005, 15:195-206.
7. Lyon G, Adams RD, Kolodny EH Neurology of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases of Children 1996, McGraw-Hill, New York. 2nd ed.
8. Dolk H, Parkes J, Hill N Trends in the prevalence of cerebral palsy in Northern Ireland, 1981-1997. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006, 48:406-412.
9. Sander J, Shorvon S Epidemiology of the epilepsies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996, 61:433-443.
10. Aicardi J Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood 1998, 822-823. Mac Keith Press, London. 2nd ed.
11. Hughes MI, Hicks EM, Nevin NC, Patterson VH The prevalence of inherited neuromuscular disease in Northern Ireland. Neuromuscul Disord 1996, 6:69-73.
12. Chinnery PF, Howell N, Andrews RM, Turnbull DM Clinical mitochondrial genetics. J Med Genet 1999, 36:425-436.
13. De Lourdes Levy M, Larcher V, Kurz R Ethics Working Group of the Confederation of European Specialists in Paediatrics (CESP). Informed consent/assent in children. Statement of the Ethics Working Group of the Confederation of European Specialists in Paediatrics (CESP). Eur J Pediatr 2003, 162:629-633. Epub: 2003. jul 19.
14. Van Staden CW, Kruger C Incapacity to give informed consent owing to mental disorder. J Med Ethics 2003, 29:41-43.
15. Alderson P, Sutcliffe K, Curtis K Children as partners with adults in their medical care. Arch Dis Child 2006, 91:300-303. Epub 2006. Jan 6.
16. Rowse VL Consent in severely disabled children: informed or an infringement of their human rights?. J Child Health Care 2007, 11:70-78.
17. Boston M, Ruwe E, Duggins A, Willging JP Internet use by parents of children undergoing outpatient otolaryngology procedures. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005, 131:719-722.
18. Mathur S, Shanti N, Brkaric M, et al. Surfing for scoliosis: the quality of information available on the Internet. Spine 2005, 30:2695-2700.
19. Taft LT, Matthews W Cerebral palsy. Developmental Behavioural Pediatrics 1983, 789-800. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. M.L. Levine, W.B. Carey, A.C. Crocker, R. Gross (Eds.).
20. Yin R, Reddihough D, Ditchfield M, Collins K Magnetic resonance imaging findings in cerebral palsy. J Paediatr Child Health 2000, 36:139-144.
21. Bax M, Tydeman C, Flodmark O Clinical and MRI correlates of cerebral palsy: the European Cerebral Palsy Study. JAMA 2006, 296:1602-1608.
22. Aicardi J, Bax M Cerebral palsy. Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood 1998, 210-239. Mac Keith Press, London. 2nd ed. J. Aicardi (Ed.).
23. Nolan J, Chalkiadis GA, Low J, et al. Anaesthesia and pain management in cerebral palsy. Anaesthesia 2000, 55:500.
24. Baker R, Jasinski M, Maciag-Tymecka I, et al. Botulinum toxin treatment of spasticity in diplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2002, 44:666-675.
25. Cohen SR, Lefaivre JF, Burstein FD, et al. Surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in neurologically compromised patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997, 99:638-646.
26. Aicardi J Malformations of the central nervous system. Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood 1998, 69-130. Mac Keith Press, London. 2nd ed. J. Aicardi (Ed.).
27. Aicardi J Hydrocephalus and nontraumatic pericerebral collections. Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood 1998, 187-209. Mac Keith Press, London. 2nd ed. J. Aicardi (Ed.).
28. Nikkila A, Rydhstrom H, Kallen B The incidence of spina bifida in Sweden 1973-2003: the effect of prenatal diagnosis. Eur J Public Health 2006, 16:660-662. Epub 2006; May 3.
29. Pitkin RM Folate and neural tube defects. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 85:285S-288S.
30. Aicardi J Tumors of the central nervous system and other space-occupying lesions. Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood 1998, 491-533. Mac Keith Press, London. 2nd ed. J. Aicardi (Ed.).
31. Packer RJ Childhood tumors. Curr Opin Neurol 1997, 10:464-470.
32. Pollack IF Pediatric brain tumors. Semin Surg Oncol 1999, 16:73-90.
33. Aicardi J Metabolic diseases. Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood 1998, 245-322. Mac Keith Press, London. 2nd ed. J. Aicardi (Ed.).
34. Lyon G, Adams RD, Kolodny EH Neurology of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases of Children 1996, McGraw-Hill, New York. 2nd ed.
35. Dubowitz V Disorders of the lower motor neurone. Muscle Disorders in Childhood 1978, 146-190. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. V. Dubowitz (Ed.).
36. Aicardi J Diseases of the motor neurone. Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood 1998, 699-711. Mac Keith Press, London. 2nd ed. J. Aicardi (Ed.).
37. Bush A, Fraser J, Jardine E, et al. Respiratory management of the infant with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy. Arch Dis Child 2005, 90:709-711.
38. Wallgren-Pettersson C, Bushby K, Mellies U, Simonds A 117th ENMC workshop: ventilatory support in congenital neuromuscular disorders-congenital myopathies, congenital muscular dystrophies, congenital myotonic dystrophy and SMA (II). 4-6 April 2003, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2004, 14:56-69.
39. Birnkrant DJ, Pope JF, Martin JE, et al. Treatment of type I spinal muscular atrophy with noninvasive ventilation and gastrostomy feeding. Pediatr Neurol 1998, 18:407-410.
40. Rodillo E, Marini ML, Heckmatt JZ, Dubowitz V Scoliosis in spinal muscular atrophy: review of 63 cases. J Child Neurol 1989, 4:118-123.
41. Grohmann K, Varon R, Stolz P, et al. Infantile spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1). Ann Neurol 2003, 54:719-724.
42. Tangermann RH, Aylward B, Birmingham M, et al. Current status of the global eradication of poliomyelitis. World Health Stat Q 1997, 50:188-194.
43. Aicardi J Disorders of the peripheral nerves. Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood 1998, 712-749. Mac Keith Press, London. 2nd ed. J. Aicardi (Ed.).
44. Grunnet ML, Donaldson JO Juvenile multisystem degeneration with motor neuron involvement and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions. Arch Neurol 1985, 142:1114-1116.
45. Hughes RA, Swan AV, Raphael JC, et al. Immunotherapy for Guillain-Barré syndrome: a systematic review. Brain 2007, [Epub ahead of print].
46. Rossignol E, D'Anjou G, Lapointe N, et al. Evolution and treatment of childhood chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy. Pediatr Neurol 2007, 36:88-94.
47. Van Meir N, De Smet L Carpal tunnel syndrome in children. Acta Orthop Belg 2003, 69:387-395.
48. Ünal O, Özçakar L, Çxsetin A, Kaymak B Severe bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome in juvenile chronic arthritis. Pediatr Neurol 2003, 29:345-348.
49. Griffiths M Video games and health. BMJ 2005, 331:122-123.
50. Cruz Martinez A, Arpa J Carpal tunnel syndrome in childhood: study of 6 cases. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998, 109:304-308.
51. Mullaney P, Vajsar J, Smith R, Buncic JR The natural history and ophthalmic involvement in childhood myasthenia gravis at the hospital for sick children. Ophthalmology 2000, 107:504-510.
52. Dubowitz V Myasthenia gravis. Muscle Disorders in Childhood 1978, 191-201. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. V. Dubowitz (Ed.).
53. Hantai D, Richard P, Koenig J, Eymard B Congenital myasthenic syndromes. Curr Opin Neurol 2004, 17:539-551.
54. Harper CM Congenital myasthenic syndromes. Semin Neurol 2004, 24:111-123.
55. Batocchi AP, Evoli A, Palmisani MT, et al. Early-onset myasthenia gravis: clinical characteristics and response to therapy. Eur J Pediatr 1990, 150:66-68.
56. Aicardi J Infectious Diseases. Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood 1998, 373-437. Mac Keith Press, London. 2nd ed. J. Aicardi (Ed.).
57. Dubowitz V The congenital myopathies. Muscle Disorders in Childhood 1978, 70-107. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. V. Dubowitz (Ed.).
58. Talwalkar SS, Parker JR, Heffner RR, Parker JC Adult central core disease: clinical, histologic and genetic aspects: case report and review of the literature. Clin Neuropathol 2006, 25:180-184.
59. Dubowitz V The congenital myopathies. Clin Dev Med 1980, 76:33-71.
60. Jungbluth H, Sewry CA, Muntoni F What's new in neuromuscular disorders? The congenital myopathies. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2003, 7:23-30.
61. Jungbluth H, Sewry C, Brown SC, et al. Minicore myopathy in children: a clinical and histopathological study of 19 cases. Neuromuscul Disord 2000, 10:264-273.
62. Ryan MM, Schnell C, Strickland CD, et al. Nemaline myopathy: a clinical study of 143 cases. Ann Neurol 2001, 50:312-320.
63. English KM, Gibbs JL Cardiac monitoring and treatment for children and adolescents with neuromuscular disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006, 48:231-235.
64. Wu S, Ibarra MC, Malicdan MC, et al. Central core disease is due to RYR1 mutations in more than 90% of patients. Brain 2006, 129(Pt 6):1470-1480. Epub 2006; Apr 18.
65. Ording H, Brancadoro V, Cozzolino S, et al. In vitro contracture test for diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia following the protocol of the European MH Group: results of testing patients surviving fulminant MH and unrelated low-risk subjects. The European Malignant Hyperthermia Group. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997, 41:955-966.
66. Girard T, Treves S, Voronkov E, et al. Molecular genetic testing for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. Anesthesiology 2004, 100:1076-1080.
67. Klinger W, Lehmann-Horn F, Jurgat-Rott K Complications of anaesthesia in neuromuscular disorders. Neuromuscul Disord 2005, 15:195-206.
68. Driessen J, Willems S, Dercksen S, et al. Anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality after surgery for muscle biopsy in children with mitochondrial defects. Pediatr Anesth 2007, 17:16-21.
69. Wong LJ Diagnostic challenges of mitochondrial DNA disorders. Mitochondrion 2007, 7:45-52. Epub 2006; Dec 12.
70. Chinnery P, Majamaa K, Turnbull D Treatment for mitochondrial disorders. Cochrane Data Syst Rev 2006, issue 4.issue 4.
71. Wong LJ Diagnostic challenges of mitochondrial DNA disorders. Mitochondrion 2007, 7:45-52. Epub 2006; Dec 12.
72. Wallace JJ, Perndt H, Skinner M Anaesthesia and mitochondrial disease. Paediatr Anaesth 1998, 8:249-254.
73. Uezono S, Hotta Y, Takakuwa Y, et al. Acquired carnitine deficiency: a clinical model for propofol infusion syndrome?. Anesthesiology 2005, 103:909.
74. Emery AEH Muscular dystrophy-an evolving concept. The Muscular Dystrophies 2001, 1-9. Oxford University Press, Oxford. A.E.H. Emery (Ed.).
75. Straub V, Bushby K The childhood limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2006, 13:104-114.
76. Daniele N, Richard I, Bartoli M Ins and outs of therapy in limb girdle muscular dystrophies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; Feb 12, [Epub ahead of print].
77. Kunkel LM, Bachrach E, Bennett RR, et al. Diagnosis and cell-based therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans, mice, and zebrafish. J Hum Genet 2006, 51:397-406. Epub 2006; Apr 1.
78. Aicardi J Primary muscle disease. Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood 1998, 750-790. Mac Keith Press, London. 2nd ed. J. Aicardi (Ed.).
79. Kroksmark AK, Ekstrom AB, Bjorck E, Tulinius M Myotonic dystrophy: muscle involvement in relation to disease type and size of expanded CTG-repeat sequence. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005, 47:478-485.
80. White RJ, Bass SP Myotonic dystrophy and paediatric anaesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 2003, 13:94-102.
81. Dubowitz V Myotonic syndromes. Muscle Disorders in Childhood 1978, 145. WB Saunders, Philadelphia. V. Dubowitz (Ed.).
82. Verrijn Stuart AA, Huisman M, van Straaten HL, et al. "Shake hands"; diagnosing a floppy infant-myotonic dystrophy and the congenital subtype: a difficult perinatal diagnosis. J Perinat Med 2000, 28:497-501.
83. Emery AEH, de Visser M, Hoogerwaard EM Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy. The Muscular Dystrophies 2001, 55-94. Oxford University Press, Oxford. A. Emery (Ed.).
84. Heckmatt JZ, Dubowitz V, Hyde SA, et al. Prolongation of walking in Duchenne muscular dystrophy with lightweight orthoses: review of 57 cases. Dev Med Child Neurol 1985, 27:149-154.
85. Garralda ME, Muntoni F, Cunniff A, Caneja AD Knee-ankle-foot orthosis in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: user views and adjustment. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2006, 10:186-191. Epub 2006; Aug 23.
86. Velasco MV, Colin AA, Zurakowski D, et al. Posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis in duchenne muscular dystrophy diminishes the rate of respiratory decline. Spine 2007, 32:459-465.
87. Fisher J, Upadhyaya M Molecular genetics of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Neuromuscul Disord 1997, 7:55-62.
88. Lunt PW, Jardine PE, Koch MC, et al. Correlation between fragment size at D4F104S1 and age at onset or at wheelchair use, with a possible generational effect, accounts for much phenotypic variation in 4q35-facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Hum Mol Genet 1995, 4:951-958.
89. Diab M, Darras BT, Shapiro F Scapulothoracic fusion for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005, 87:2267-2275.
90. Mummery CJ, Copeland SA, Rose MR Scapular fixation in muscular dystrophy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003, CD003278.
91. Schaer H, Steinmann B, Jerusalem S, Maier C Rhabdomyolysis induced by anaesthesia with intraoperative cardiac arrest. Br J Anaesth 1977, 49:495-499.
92. Delphin E, Jackson D, Rothstein P Use of succinylcholine during elective pediatric anesthesia should be reevaluated. Anesth Analg 1987, 66:1190-1192.
93. Goudsouzian NG Recent changes in the package insert for succinylcholine chloride: Should this drug be contraindicated for routine use in children and adolescents? (Summary of the discussions of the anesthetic and life support drug advisory meeting of the Food and Drug Administration, FDA building, Rockville, MD, June 9, 1994). Anesth Analg 1995, 80:207-208.
94. Rubiano R, Chang JL, Carroll J, et al. Acute rhabdomyolysis following halothane anesthesia without succinylcholine. Anesthesiology 1987, 67:856-857.
95. Girshin M, Mukherjee J, Clowney R, et al. The postoperative cardiovascular arrest of a 5-year-old male: an initial presentation of muscular dystrophy. Pediatr Anesth 2006, 16:170-173.
96. Yemen T, McClain C Muscular dystrophy, anesthesia and the safety of inhalational agents revisited; again. Pediatr Anesth 2006, 16:105-108.
97. Desmedt JE, Borenstein S Regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: electromyographic evidence. Arch Neurol 1976, 33:642-650.
98. Eyres R Update on TIVA. Pediatr Anesth 2004, 14:374-379.
99. Goresky GV, Cox RG Inhalational anaesthetics and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Can J Anaesth 1999, 46:525-528.
100. Brownell AKW Malignant hyperthermia: relationship to other diseases. Br J Anesth 1988, 60:303-308.
101. Fisher RS, van Emde Boas W, Blume W, et al. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia 2005, 46:470-472.
102. International League against Epilepsy http://www.ilae-epilepsy.org/visitors/centre/ctf/index.cfm.
103. Hadjiloizou SM, Bourgeois BF Antiepileptic drug treatment in children. Expert Rev Neurother 2007, 7:179-193.
104. Septer S, Thompson ES, Willemsen-Dunlap A Anesthesia concerns for children with tuberous sclerosis. AANA J 2006, 74:219-225.
105. Soriano SG, Bozza P Anesthesia for epilepsy surgery in children. Childs Nerv Syst 2006, 22:834-843. Epub 2006; Jun 20.
106. This is a superb comprehensive text that is well illustrated and extensively referenced.
107. This important paper is for any clinician undertaking interventions on children and young people.
108. An excellent and understandable review of an extremely complex subject.
109. This is THE text for a basic understanding of the neuromuscular disorders in childhood. While not recent enough to cover molecular advances, its strength lies in the clear clinical description of the salient points of these disorders.
110. This book provides a supplementary and up-to-date text on the muscular dystrophies with review of molecular genetics and advances in management.
111. This article provides a good review of the topic for anesthesiologists.
112. A comprehensive text, it covers an extremely complex area of pediatrics. Although somewhat outdated by the more recent genetic advances, it gives the clinician an excellent framework by which to approach a child with a metabolic disorder by dealing with the presenting features of the various diseases.