Melamine and cyanuric acid

Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 367-372

  Bischoff, Karyn ^a  

^a New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Center ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84884426610     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-382032-7.10028-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (41)

1. D. Acheson (2007) Importation of contaminated animal feed ingredients, statement before the House Committee on Agriculture. Washington DC: United States May 9, 2007
2. Anonymous (2007) Specialists confer about the pet food recall. J Am Vet Med Assoc 233 1603
3. Anonymous (2010) Melamine Pet Food Recall – Frequently Asked Questions February 2, 2010. Retrieved July 3, 2010, from United States Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services: http://www.fda.gov/animalveterinary/safetyhealth/RecallsWithdrawals/ucm129932.htm#AnimalFeed
4. X. Bai, F. Bai, K. Zhang, X. Lv, Y. Qin, Y. Li, S. Bai and S. Lin (2010) Tissue deposition and residue depletion in laying hens exposed to melamine-contaminated diets. J Agric Food Chem 58 5414-5420
5. V. Bhalla, P. Grimm, G.M. Chertow and A.C. Pao (2009) Melamine nephrotoxicity: an emerging epidemic in an era of globalization. Kidney Internat 7 774-779
6. E. Canelli (1974) Chemical, bacteriological, and toxicological properties of cyauric acid and chlorinated isocyanurates as applied to swimming pool disinfection, a review. Am J Pub Health 64 155-162
7. Y. Chen, Y. Wenjun, Z. Wang, Y. Peng, B. Li, L. Ahang and L. Gong (2010) Deposition of melamine in eggs from laying hens exposed to melamine contaminated feed. J Ag Food Chem 58 3512-3516
8. R.E. Cianciolo, K. Bischoff, J. Ebel, T.J. Van Winkle, R.E. Goldstein and L.M. Serfilippi (2008) Clinicopathologic, histologic, and toxicologic findings in 70 cats inadvertently exposed to pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid. J Am Vet Med Assoc 333 729-737
9. R. Clark (1966) Melamine crystalluria in sheep. J S Afr Vet Med Assoc 37 349-351
10. R.L.M. Dobson, S. Motlagh, M. Quijano, R.T. Cambron, T.R. Baker, et al. (2008) Identification and characterization of toxicity of contaminants in pet food leading to an outbreak of renal toxicity in cats and dogs. Toxicol Sci 106 251-262
11. J. Gao and Y. Shen (2010) Therapeutic effects of potassium sodium, hydrogen citrate on melamine-induced urinary calculi in China. Chin Med J 123 1112-1116
12. J. Gonzalez, B. Puschner, V. Pérez, M.C. Ferreras, L. Delgado, M. Muňoz, C. Pérez, L.E. Reyes, J. Velasco, V. Fernández and J.F. Garcia-Marin (2009) Nephrotoxicosis in Iberian piglets subsequent to exposure to melamine and derivatives in Spain between 2003 and 2006. J Vet Diag Invest 21 558-536
13. C.M.E. Gossner, J. Schlundt, P.B. Embarek, S. Hird, et al. (2009) The melamine incident: implications for international food and feed safety. Env Health Perspect 117 1803-1808
14. N. Guan, Q. Fab, J. Ding, Y. Zhao, J. Lu, Y. Ai, G. Xu, S. Zhu, C. Yao, L. Jiang, J. Miao, H. Zhang and D. Zhao (2009) Melamine-contaminated powdered formula and urolithiasis in young children. New England J Med 360 1067-1074
15. G.C. Hard, G.P. Flake and R.C. Sills (2009) Re-evaluation of kidney histopathology from 13-week toxicity and two-year carcinogenicity studies of melamine in the F344 rat: morphologic evidence of retrograde nephropathy. Vet Pathol 46 1248-1257
16. A.K. Hau, T.H. Kwan and P. Kam-tao (2009) Melamine toxicity in the kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 20 245-250
17. P. Hu, L. Ling, B. Hu and C.R. Zhang (2010) The size of melamine-induced stones is dependent on the melamine content of the formula fed, but not the duration of exposure. Ped Nephrol 25 565-566
18. J. Ingelfinger (2008) Melamine and global implications of food contamination. New England J Med 359 2745-2748
19. K. Ji, S. Zhu and Z. Liu (2009) Melamine-contaminated powdered formula and urolithiasis. New England J Med 360 2675
20. C.B. Langman (2009) Melamine, powdered milk, and nephrolithiasis in Chinese infants. New England J Med 360 1139-1141
21. M.R. Lewin-Smith, V. Kalasinsky, F.G. Mullick and M.E. Thompson (2009) Melamine-containing crystals in the urinary tracts of domestic animals: sentinel event? Arch Pathol Lab Med 133 341-342
22. W.L. Lipschitz and E. Stokey (1945) The mode of action of three new diuretics: melamine, adenine, and formoguanamine. J Pharm Exp Therap 82 235-348
23. J.M. Liu, A. Ren, L. Yang, J. Gao, L. Pei, R. Ye, Q. Qu and X. Zheng (2010) Urinary tract abnormalities in Chinese rural children who consumed melamine-contaminated dairy products: a population-based screening and follow-up study. Can Med Assoc J 182 439-443
24. X. Lv, J. Wang, L. Wu, J. Qiu, J. Li, Z. Wu and Y. Qin (2010) Tissue deposition and residue depletion in lambs exposed to melamine and cyanuric acid-contaminated diets. J Agric Food Chem 58 943-948
25. R.L. Melnick, G.A. Boorman, J.K. Haseman, R.J. Montali and J. Huff (1984) Urolithiasis and bladder carcinogenicity of melamine in rodents. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 72 292-303
26. M. Okumura, R. Hasegawa, T. Shirai, M. Ito, S. Yamada and S. Fukushima (1992) Relationship between calculus formation and carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder of rats administered the non-genotoxic agents, thymine or melamine. Carcinogenesis 13 1043-1045
27. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2009) The 2007 OECD list of high production volume chemicals. Series on Testing and Assessment No. 112. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/32/9/43947965.pdf (accessed November 3, 2009)
28. C.A. Osborne, J.P. Lulich and L.K. Ulrich (2008) Melamine and cyanuric acid-induced crystaluria, uroliths, and nephrotoxicity in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Animal 39 1-14
29. B. Puschner, R. Poppenga, L. Lowenstine, M.S. Filigenzi and P.A. Pesavento (2007) Assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity in cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 19 616-624
30. Y. Qin, X. Lv, J. Li, G. Qi, Q. Diao, G. Liu, M. Xue, J. Wang, J. Tong, L. Zhang and K. Zhang (2010) Assessment of melamine contamination in crop, soil, and water in China and risks of melamine accumulation in animal tissues and products. Environment Internat 36 446-452
31. R. Reimschuessel, E. Evans, W.C. Andersen, S.B. Turnipseed, C.M. Karbiwnyk, T.D. Mayer, C. Nochetto, N.G. Rummel and C.M. Gleseker (2009) Residue depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in catfish and rainbow trout following oral administration. Vet Pharmacol Ther 33 172-182
32. R. Reimschuessel, C.M. Gieseker, R.A. Miller, J. Ward, J. Boehmer, N. Rummel, D.N. Heller, C. Nochetto, S.B. Turnipseed, C.M. Karbiwnyk, D. Satzger, J.B. Crowe, N.R. Wilber, M.K. Reinhard, J.F. Roberts and M.R. Witkowski (2008) Evaluation of the renal effects of experimental feeding of melamine and cyanuric acid to fish and pigs. Am J Vet Res 69 1217-1228
33. W.K. Rumbeiha, D. Agnew, G. Maxie, B. Hoff, C. Page, P. Curran and B. Powers (2010) Analysis of a survey database of pet food-induced poisoning in North America. J Med Toxicol 6 172-184
34. J.S. Shen, J.Q. Wang, H.Y. Wei, D.P. Bu, P. Sun and L.Y. Zhou (2010) Transfer efficiency of melamine from feed to milk in lactating dairy cows fed with different doses of melamine. J Dairy Sci 93 2060-2066
35. C.G. Skinner, J.D. Thomas and J.D. Osterloh (2010) Melamine toxicity. J Med Toxicol 6 50-55
36. N. Sun, Y. Shen and L.J. He (2010) Histopathological features of the kidney after acute renal failure from melamine. New England J Med 362 662
37. M.E. Thompson, M.R. Lewin-Smith, K. Kalasinsky, K.M. Pizzolato, M.L. Fleetwood, M.R. McElhaney and T.O. Johnson (2008) Characterization of melamine-containing and calcium oxalate crystals in three dogs with suspected pet food-induced nephrotoxicosis. Vet Pathol 55 417-426
38. J.G. Wen, Z.Z. Li, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, F.Z. Rui, L. Yang, Y. Chen, J.X. Wang and S.J. Zhang (2010) Melamine related bilateral renal calculi in 50 children: single center experience in clinical diagnosis and treatment. J Urology 183 1533-1538
39. WHO (2004) Sodium dichloroisocyanurate. Safety Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series No. 52 Geneva: World Health Organization
40. V. Wiwanitkit (2009) Melamine: problems in obstetrics. Arch Gynecol Obstet 280 345-346
41. J.Y. Yhee, C.A. Brown, C.H. Yu, J.H. Kim, R. Poppenga and J.H. Sur (2009) Retrospective study of melamine/cyanuric acid-induced renal failure in dogs in Korea between 2003 and 2004. Vet Pathol 46 348-354